1,107 research outputs found

    A Review of Tourism Research in the Polar Regions

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    Polar travel has grown dramatically in the last two decades and in recent years has become the focus of academic inquiry. Using a model initially developed for understanding the nature of culture, action, and knowledge in the development of human geography, we explore the nature, scale, and scope of research related to tourism in the Arctic and the Antarctic. We take a comparative approach to highlight the tourism issues that are largely similar in the two polar regions. Polar tourism research appears to cluster around four main areas: tourism patterns, tourism impacts, tourism policy and management, and tourism development. By assessing these emerging research clusters, we identify research gaps and potentially fruitful lines of inquiry.Ces vingt dernières années, les voyages polaires ont beaucoup gagné en popularité, au point où une équipe de chercheurs s’est récemment penchée sur cette forme de tourisme. À l’aide d’un modèle qui servait, à l’origine, à comprendre la nature de la culture, de l’action et des connaissances du développement de la géographie humaine, on a exploré la nature, l’échelle et l’étendue des recherches effectuées en rapport avec le tourisme dans l’Arctique et dans l’Antarctique. Grâce à une démarche comparative, on a mis en évidence les enjeux touristiques qui se ressemblent beaucoup dans les deux régions polaires. La recherche sur le tourisme polaire semble se concentrer sur quatre grands aspects, soit les tendances en matière de tourisme, les incidences du tourisme, les politiques et la gestion du tourisme ainsi que le développement du tourisme. Grâce à l’évaluation de ces aspects de la recherche, on réussit à déterminer les écarts de recherche ainsi que les champs d’enquête qui pourraient éventuellement porter fruits

    Freedom of overflight: a study of coastal State jurisdiction in international airspace

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    This study addresses the frontier of coastal State jurisdiction and freedom of overflight through the lens of contemporary challenges in the maritime arena. From jurisdiction in airspace over maritime constructions, to air defence identification zones, and the provision of air traffic services in international airspace, it examines assertions of coastal State jurisdiction beyond that which is explicitly granted under international law. ‘Creeping jurisdiction’ as such assertions are known, is not a new phenomenon and much has been written on it over the years. This research aims to contribute to this body of work by approaching the matter exclusively from the perspective of freedom of overflight.Exploring the Frontiers of International La

    Theory and experiment of the ESR of Co2+^{2+} in Zn2_2 % (OH)PO4_4 and Mg2_2(OH)AsO4_4

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    Experiments of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) were performed on Co% ^{2+} substituting Zn2+^{2+} or Mg2+^{2+} in powder samples of Zn2_2(OH)PO4_4 and Mg2_2(OH)AsO4_4. The observed resonances are described with a theoretical model that considers the departures from the two perfect structures. It is shown that the resonance in the penta-coordinated complex is allowed, and the crystal fields that would describe the resonance of the Co2+^{2+} in the two environments are calculated. The small intensity of the resonance in the penta-coordinated complex is explained assuming that this site is much less populated than the octahedral one; this assumption was verified by a molecular calculation of the energies of the two environments, with both Co and Zn as central ions in Zn2_2(OH)PO4_4.Comment: 43 pages, LaTex file, 6 figures, EPS. submitted to Journal of Physics Condens

    Designing Polymeric Sensing Materials for Analyte Detection and Related Mechanisms

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    This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Stewart, K. M. and Penlidis, A. (2016), Designing Polymeric Sensing Materials for Analyte Detection and Related Mechanisms. Macromol. Symp., 360: 123-132, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201500109. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.A systematic approach is used to design and tailor sensing materials for targeted analytes and specific applications. An example is used to demonstrate how potential sensing materials can be designed based on the chemical nature of both the target analyte and the sensing material, and thus predominant sensing mechanisms by which the two interact. The example analyte is a small, polar molecule able to hydrogen bond; therefore, a sensing material that targets the analyte should have polymer chains that pack tightly together, be polar, and be able to hydrogen bond. Any metal oxide dopants should be able to coordinate to both the target analyte and the polymer. Polyaniline and poly (o-anisidine), along with nickel oxide and zinc oxide, are chosen as potential sensing materials and subsequently evaluated based on their ability to sorb the analyte in question.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Research Chair (CRC) progra

    Evaluation of Polymeric Nanocomposites for the Detection of Toxic Gas Analytes

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    "This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by J. Macromol. Sci., Part A, vol 53 no 10, pgs 610-618, in Sept 2016.” (To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2016.1212308)Four different metal oxide nanoparticles, copper oxide (CuO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), nickel oxide (NiO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2), were added to poly (2,5-dimethyl aniline) (P25DMA) during synthesis to create different polymer nanocomposites. These polymer nanocomposites were evaluated as potential sensing materials for six different gas analytes (acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, ethanol, formaldehyde, and methanol). It was found that CuO did not incorporate into the P25DMA and only a small percentage of Al2O3 was incorporated. However, both NiO and TiO2 ¬were incorporated into the P25DMA at the same concentration as during the synthesis step. Overall, the type of metal oxide significantly affected the morphology of the sensing material and the amount of each analyte sorbed. For example, P25DMA doped with 5 wt% Al2O3 had high selectivity towards ethanol, whereas P25DMA doped with 20 wt% TiO2 sorbed the most ethanol. However, P25DMA doped with 20 wt% TiO2 also sorbed a high amount of formaldehyde, making P25DMA doped with 20 wt% TiO2 less selective than P25DMA doped with 5 wt% Al2O3 towards ethanol with respect to formaldehyde.The authors are grateful for financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the Canada Research (CRC) program, and AUTO21

    On Power Suppressed Operators and Gauge Invariance in SCET

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    The form of collinear gauge invariance for power suppressed operators in the soft-collinear effective theory is discussed. Using a field redefinition we show that it is possible to make any power suppressed ultrasoft-collinear operators invariant under the original leading order gauge transformations. Our manipulations avoid gauge fixing. The Lagrangians to O(lambda^2) are given in terms of these new fields. We then give a simple procedure for constructing power suppressed soft-collinear operators in SCET_II by using an intermediate theory SCET_I.Comment: 15 pages, journal versio
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