The Scrovegni Chapel : the results of over 20 years of indoor climate monitoring

This paper presents the results of 20 years of monitoring indoor microclimate conditions inside theScrovegni Chapel in Padova (Italy). Since the late 1970s, the chapel has been the subject of a series ofmonitoring to assess the degree of conservation of the frescos and of the building structures. The earlystudies allowed to operate in the best for what concerns the choice of the proper instrumentation and theirpositioning. It was thus possible to operate before the beginning of any restoration work measuring valuesof surface temperature, vertical and horizontal gradients of air temperature and relative humidity. Theapproach has highlighted the importance of heat transfer as well as exchanges of mass between the indoorair and wall surfaces. A subsequent monitoring period allows to measure the air temperature, humidityand surface temperatures after the restoration works. During the same period, it was commissioned toassess the requirements for the air treatment plant. Monitoring is continuous in time and a reasonedcomparison of the different indoor microclimatic conditions, which over the years have been met, ishere proposed. These indications suggest possible improvements of the monitoring system and of themanagement of indoor microclimate

The Scrovegni Chapel : the results of over 20 years of indoor climate monitoring

This paper presents the results of 20 years of monitoring indoor microclimate conditions inside theScrovegni Chapel in Padova (Italy). Since the late 1970s, the chapel has been the subject of a series ofmonitoring to assess the degree of conservation of the frescos and of the building structures. The earlystudies allowed to operate in the best for what concerns the choice of the proper instrumentation and theirpositioning. It was thus possible to operate before the beginning of any restoration work measuring valuesof surface temperature, vertical and horizontal gradients of air temperature and relative humidity. Theapproach has highlighted the importance of heat transfer as well as exchanges of mass between the indoorair and wall surfaces. A subsequent monitoring period allows to measure the air temperature, humidityand surface temperatures after the restoration works. During the same period, it was commissioned toassess the requirements for the air treatment plant. Monitoring is continuous in time and a reasonedcomparison of the different indoor microclimatic conditions, which over the years have been met, ishere proposed. These indications suggest possible improvements of the monitoring system and of themanagement of indoor microclimate

Data from: The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organisation

Background: The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats. Results: We report the high quality draft genome sequences of Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, two ecologically dominant bumblebees and widely utilized study species. Comparing these new genomes to those of the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera and other Hymenoptera, we identify deeply conserved similarities, as well as novelties key to the biology of these organisms. Some honeybee genome features thought to underpin advanced eusociality are also present in bumblebees, indicating an earlier evolution in the bee lineage. Xenobiotic detoxification and immune genes are similarly depauperate in bumblebees and honeybees, and multiple categories of genes linked to social organization, including development and behavior, show high conservation. Key differences identified include a bias in bumblebee chemoreception towards gustation from olfaction, and striking differences in microRNAs, potentially responsible for gene regulation underlying social and other traits. Conclusions: These two bumblebee genomes provide a foundation for post-genomic research on these key pollinators and insect societies. Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation

Probability of major depression classification based on the SCID, CIDI, and MINI diagnostic interviews: A synthesis of three individual participant data meta-analyses

Introduction: Three previous individual participant data meta-analyses (IPDMAs) reported that, compared to the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM (SCID), alternative reference standards, primarily the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), tended to misclassify major depression status, when controlling for depression symptom severity. However, there was an important lack of precision in the results. Objective: To compare the odds of the major depression classification based on the SCID, CIDI, and MINI. Methods: We included and standardized data from 3 IPDMA databases. For each IPDMA, separately, we fitted binomial generalized linear mixed models to compare the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of major depression classification, controlling for symptom severity and characteristics of participants, and the interaction between interview and symptom severity. Next, we synthesized results using a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects meta-analysis. Results: In total, 69,405 participants (7,574 [11%] with major depression) from 212 studies were included. Controlling for symptom severity and participant characteristics, the MINI (74 studies; 25,749 participants) classified major depression more often than the SCID (108 studies; 21,953 participants; aOR 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.92]). Classification odds for the CIDI (30 studies; 21,703 participants) and the SCID did not differ overall (aOR 1.19; 95% CI 0.79-1.75); however, as screening scores increased, the aOR increased less for the CIDI than the SCID (interaction aOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52-0.80). Conclusions: Compared to the SCID, the MINI classified major depression more often. The odds of the depression classification with the CIDI increased less as symptom levels increased. Interpretation of research that uses diagnostic interviews to classify depression should consider the interview characteristics.</p

RAD tag (SgrAI) derived SNPs from Bombus impatiens

RAD tag (SgrAI) derived SNPs from Bombus impatiens from Sadd et al. (2015) "The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organisation