Окончательный проект однопролетного висячего моста через пролив Мессина: некоторые геотехнические аспекты

The authors briefly summarise the recent history of the final design of the one-span suspension bridge for the Messina strait crossing. The general features of the structure, the geological and environmental site conditions and the main geotechnical design issues are described referring to previous publications. Details concerning some specially-devised in situ and laboratory tests are also reported.В статье кратко описана история разработки окончательного проекта однопролетного висячего моста через пролив Мессина. Основные особенности конструкции, геологические и экологические условия площадки строительства и основные особенности геотехнического проекта описаны на основе предыдущих публикаций. Описаны особенности проведенных экспериментальных и лабораторных исследований

Promoting the learning of modern and contemporary physics in high schools in informal and non-formal contexts

In this paper, we introduce active learning strategies developed by the Educational Division of the Physics Department of the University of Cagliari to promote the learning of modern and contemporary physics (e.g., general relativity, particle physics, cosmology, and related topics) in high schools in informal and nonformal contexts. We discuss their features and potential role in facilitating science and physics instruction by integrating pedagogical theory and education research. We illustrate our theoretical framework and the methodologies we implemented to design specific educational strategies —and the evaluation of their effectiveness— to improve motivation, curiosity, and interest in modern and contemporary physics, as well as bring these topics more extensively to high schools. Finally, examples of the proposed educational activities are presented and their implications in informal and non-formal contexts are discussed

Mediterranean River Buffalo CSN1S1 gene: search for polymorphisms and association studies.

The aim of the present work was to study the variability at CSN1S1 locus of the Italian Mediterranean river buffalo and to investigate possible allele effects on milk yield and its composition. Effects of parity, calving season and month of production were also evaluated. Three SNPs were detected. The first mutation, located at position 89 of 17th exon (c.628C>T), is responsible for the amino acid change (p.Ser178Leu). The other two polymorphisms, detected at the positions 144 (c.882G>A) and 239 (c.977A>G) of 19th exon respectively, are silent (3’ UTR). Associations between the CSN1S1 genotypes and milk production traits were investigated using 4,122 test day records of 503 lactations from 175 buffalo cows. Milk yield, fat and protein percentages were analyzed using a mixed linear model. A significant association between the c.628C>T SNP and the protein percentage was found. In particular, the CC genotype showed an average value of about 0.04% higher than the CT and TT genotypes. The allele substitution effect of the cytosine into the thymine was -0.014, with a quite low (0.3%) protein percentage (PP) contribution on total phenotypic variance. A large dominance effect was detected. Furthermore, a characterization of the CSN1S1 transcripts and a method based on MboI-ACRS-PCR for a rapid genotyping of c.628C>T were provided

an outbreak of severe invasive meningococcal disease due to a capsular switched neisseria meningitidis hypervirulent strain b cc11

Abstract Objectives The aim was to investigate an outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Southern Sardinia. Methods Epidemiological and microbiological investigations were performed. The latter included antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results Seven individuals with severe IMD were found to be infected with serogroup B (MenB) Neisseria meningitidis in the first quarter of 2018. Five of the seven cases (five males; mean age 19 years; range 18–21 years; CFR 40%) were due to a unique strain B:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6:ST-11(cc11), probably switched from the hypervirulent C-cc11, as confirmed by WGS. All five patients had attended the same nightclub in the 2 weeks prior to symptom onset. Public health measures, including chemoprophylaxis of contacts and active immunization against MenB, were implemented. Conclusions We observed five IMD cases due to the same switched MenB strain. The hypervirulent B:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6:ST-11(cc11) strain, probably switched from C-cc11, is of concern due to the observed high virulence and case fatality rates. All the patients shared the same place of probable exposure. The molecular characterization of the invasive strain allowed the outbreak to be confirmed, which was then controlled through timely public health action

Оценка степени уплотнения дамб методом ударного конуса

Permeability and strength parameters of compacted soils (i. e. levees as well as other earthworks) may be correlated to the degree of compaction. Since the use of conventional and recent testing methods for the assessment of density and water content of earthworks, under construction, cannot be applied to existing levees, an expeditious and accurate method for the assessment of the degree of compaction of existing and new levees, after their completion, appears extremely useful. The purpose of this research is to develop a simple tool for the assessment of the degree of compaction of “compacted”, partially saturated, finegrained soils. This paper illustrates the proposed method which combines in situ testing like electric CPT or CPTu with laboratory penetration testing performed with a mini-cone in a calibration chamber (CC).Водопроницаемость и показатели прочности уплотненных грунтов (дамб и других земляных сооружений) могут быть соотнесены со степенью уплотнения. Традиционные и используемые в настоящее время методы определения плотности и содержания воды в грунтах земляных сооружений, находящихся в процессе строительства, не могут быть применены для существующих дамб. Вследствие этого быстрый и точный метод для оценки степени уплотнения существующих и новых дамб после завершения их строительства является чрезвычайно полезным. Цель этого исследования — разработка простого метода для оценки степени уплотнения «уплотненных», частично водонасыщенных, мелкозернистых почв. В статье описывается метод, сочетающий испытания в условиях строительной площадки (зондирование) и лабораторные испытания с использованием мини-конуса в калибровочной камере

Delta-Globin Gene Expression Is Enhanced in vivo by Interferon Type I

Beta hemoglobinopathies are widely spread monogenic lethal diseases. Delta-globin gene activation has been proposed as a possible approach for curing these pathologies. The therapeutic potential of delta-globin, the non-alpha component of Hemoglobin A2 (α2δ2; HbA2), has been demonstrated in a mouse model of beta thalassemia, while its anti-sickling effect, comparable to that of gamma globin, was established some time ago. Here we show that the delta-globin mRNA level is considerably increased in a Deoxyribonuclease II-alpha knockout mouse model in which type 1 interferon (interferon beta, IFNb) is activated. IFNb activation in the fetal liver improves the delta-globin mRNA level, while the beta-globin mRNA level is significantly reduced. In addition, we show that HbA2 is significantly increased in patients with multiple sclerosis under type 1 interferon treatment. Our results represent a proof of principle that delta-globin expression can be enhanced through the use of molecules. This observation is potentially interesting in view of a pharmacological approach able to increase the HbA2 level

An outbreak of severe invasive meningococcal disease due to a capsular switched Neisseria meningitidis hypervirulent strain B:cc11

Objectives: The aim was to investigate an outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Southern Sardinia. Methods: Epidemiological and microbiological investigations were performed. The latter included antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results: Seven individuals with severe IMD were found to be infected with serogroup B (MenB) Neisseria meningitidis in the first quarter of 2018. Five of the seven cases (five males; mean age 19 years; range 18–21 years; CFR 40%) were due to a unique strain B:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6:ST-11(cc11), probably switched from the hypervirulent C-cc11, as confirmed by WGS. All five patients had attended the same nightclub in the 2 weeks prior to symptom onset. Public health measures, including chemoprophylaxis of contacts and active immunization against MenB, were implemented. Conclusions: We observed five IMD cases due to the same switched MenB strain. The hypervirulent B:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6:ST-11(cc11) strain, probably switched from C-cc11, is of concern due to the observed high virulence and case fatality rates. All the patients shared the same place of probable exposure. The molecular characterization of the invasive strain allowed the outbreak to be confirmed, which was then controlled through timely public health action

Signatures of selection and environmental adaptation across the goat genome post-domestication

Background: Since goat was domesticated 10,000 years ago, many factors have contributed to the differentiation of goat breeds and these are classified mainly into two types: (i) adaptation to different breeding systems and/or purposes and (ii) adaptation to different environments. As a result, approximately 600 goat breeds have developed worldwide; they differ considerably from one another in terms of phenotypic characteristics and are adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. In this work, we analyzed the AdaptMap goat dataset, which is composed of data from more than 3000 animals collected worldwide and genotyped with the CaprineSNP50 BeadChip. These animals were partitioned into groups based on geographical area, production uses, available records on solid coat color and environmental variables including the sampling geographical coordinates, to investigate the role of natural and/or artificial selection in shaping the genome of goat breeds. Results: Several signatures of selection on different chromosomal regions were detected across the different breeds, sub-geographical clusters, phenotypic and climatic groups. These regions contain genes that are involved in important biological processes, such as milk-, meat- or fiber-related production, coat color, glucose pathway, oxidative stress response, size, and circadian clock differences. Our results confirm previous findings in other species on adaptation to extreme environments and human purposes and provide new genes that could explain some of the differences between goat breeds according to their geographical distribution and adaptation to different environments. Conclusions: These analyses of signatures of selection provide a comprehensive first picture of the global domestication process and adaptation of goat breeds and highlight possible genes that may have contributed to the differentiation of this species worldwide

Genome-wide SNP profiling of worldwide goat populations reveals strong partitioning of diversity and highlights post-domestication migration routes

Background: Goat populations that are characterized within the AdaptMap project cover a large part of the worldwide distribution of this species and provide the opportunity to assess their diversity at a global scale. We analysed genome-wide 50 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 144 populations to describe the global patterns of molecular variation, compare them to those observed in other livestock species, and identify the drivers that led to the current distribution of goats. Results: A high degree of genetic variability exists among the goat populations studied. Our results highlight a strong partitioning of molecular diversity between and within continents. Three major gene pools correspond to goats from Europe, Africa and West Asia. Dissection of sub-structures disclosed regional gene pools, which reflect the main post-domestication migration routes. We also identified several exchanges, mainly in African populations, and which often involve admixed and cosmopolitan breeds. Extensive gene flow has taken place within specific areas (e.g., south Europe, Morocco and Mali-Burkina Faso-Nigeria), whereas elsewhere isolation due to geographical barriers (e.g., seas or mountains) or human management has decreased local gene flows. Conclusions: After domestication in the Fertile Crescent in the early Neolithic era (ca. 12,000 YBP), domestic goats that already carried differentiated gene pools spread to Europe, Africa and Asia. The spread of these populations determined the major genomic background of the continental populations, which currently have a more marked subdivision than that observed in other ruminant livestock species. Subsequently, further diversification occurred at the regional level due to geographical and reproductive isolation, which was accompanied by additional migrations and/or importations, the traces of which are still detectable today. The effects of breed formation were clearly detected, particularly in Central and North Europe. Overall, our results highlight a remarkable diversity that occurs at the global scale and is locally partitioned and often affected by introgression from cosmopolitan breeds. These findings support the importance of long-term preservation of goat diversity, and provide a useful framework for investigating adaptive introgression, directing genetic improvement and choosing breeding targets