Fair, Affordable and Open Access to Knowledge: The Caul Collection and Reporting of APC Information Project

Article processing charges (APCs) are fundamental to the business models of many Hybrid and Gold open access (OA) journals. The need to quantify the volume of APC payments paid on behalf of institutional researchers has therefore never been greater. New publishing models will have profound implications for future institutional budgets, and libraries urgently require better information about potential costs and savings. In 2018, the Council of Australian University Librarians (CAUL) commissioned a project to examine the financial impact of APC payments on universities in Australia and New Zealand. The project aims to develop a methodology for the estimation of APC payments based on data from sources such as Scopus, Web of Science and Unpaywall. In order to test this methodology, the Working Group began a pilot project in February 2019. As part of this pilot, data on publications produced by researchers at six local universities in 2017 were collated and analysed. This paper will explain the rationale behind the project methodology. It will present the preliminary findings of the pilot, and flag some of the lessons learnt to date. In addition, the paper will identify future changes. It will be of interest to any librarian concerned with the potential impact of changing publishing models on institutional budgets

SNAPSHOT USA 2019 : a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August - 24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the USA. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as well as future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Anti-social e-tribes : e-gangs, cybercultures and control in online communities

Online ‘tribes’ offer opportunities for individuals to communicate interests and opportunities through networks with potential for exponential growth. Such tribal behaviour can be a powerful means of bringing people together, promoting and cementing cultural relationships - with great potential to alter existing power relations. But what happens when that behaviour is not so positive, when ‘tribes’ are perceived as ‘gangs,’ with the negative associations of menace and anti-social behaviour, and how should we respond to that? And what happens if and when such behaviour percolates from online groups into other offline contexts? The growth of online challenges to offline laws and social norms, including challenges to rights of privacy or freedom of speech, raise questions about whether online behaviour should be subject to greater control. The recent UK conviction and appeal judgement on two young men for using social network, Facebook, to encourage rioting, burglary and criminal damage raises some interesting questions about both how integrated online and offline social networks might be - to what extent do online behaviours actually transfer to offline behaviours? Responses to managing gang related and anti-social behaviour in our cities have been criticised in particular for unnecessarily criminalising behaviours and for restricting individual freedom. Looking at responses through the lens of anti-social behaviour, this chapter identifies three possible approaches to influencing online behaviour, focusing on what might be achieved by community members themselves, by external control, or through design and management of the online environment. It explores the capacity of these different stakeholders to address anti-social behaviour online and to harness the positive potential of e-tribes while avoiding the pitfalls of offline precedents

Does magnetic resonance imaging–guided biopsy improve prostate cancer detection? A comparison of systematic, cognitive fusion and ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy

Background: The increase in the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of prostate cancer has led to the rapid adoption of MRI-guided biopsies (MRGBs). To date, there is limited evidence in the use of MRGB and no direct comparisons between the different types of MRGB. We aimed to assess whether multiparametric MRGBs with MRI-US transperineal fusion biopsy (FB) and cognitive biopsy (CB) improved the management of prostate cancer and to assess if there is any difference in prostate cancer detection with FB compared with CB. Methods: Patients who underwent an MRGB and a systematic biopsy (SB) from June 2014 to August 2016 on the Central Coast, NSW, Australia, were included in the study. The results of SB were compared with MRGB. The primary outcome was prostate cancer detection and if MRGB changed patient management. Results: A total of 121 cases were included with a mean age of 65.5 years and prostate-specific antigen 7.4 ng/mL. Seventy-five cases (62%) had a Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System 4–5 lesions and 46 (38%) had a Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System 3 lesions. Fifty-six cases underwent CB and 65 underwent FB.Of the 93 patients with prostate cancer detected, 19 men (20.5%) had their management changed because of the MRGB results. Eight men (9%) had prostate cancer detected on MRGB only and 12 men (13%) underwent radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy based on the MRGB results alone.There was a trend to a higher rate of change in management with FB compared with CB (29% vs. 18%). Conclusions: This is one of the first Australian studies to assess the utility of MRGB and compare FB with CB. MRGB is a useful adjunct to SB, changing management in over 20% of our cases, with a trend toward FB having a greater impact on patient management compared with CB. Keywords: Detection, MRI-guided biopsies, Multiparametric MRI, Prostate cance

Patterns of prostate-specific antigen testing by remoteness of residence and socio-economic status: an Australian population-based study

Objective: Describes the variation in prostate cancer testing by the remoteness of residence and socio-economic status groups in Australia. Design: A national population-based descriptive study using Medicare data extracted by the Department of Health (formerly the Department of Health and Ageing). Setting: Australia. Participants: All men, with a Medicare-reimbursed prostate-specific antigen test conducted in Australia between 2002 and 2017, were included. We focused on “screening and case finding” tests (Medicare Benefits Schedule item number 66655) from 1 April 2005 to 31 December 2009, to describe testing differences in subgroups. Groups were categorised into State and Territory, socio-economic status and region of residence. A negative binomial regression model was fitted to measure the incidence rate ratios of those who had a screening prostate-specific antigen test by group. Main outcome measures: Age-standardised testing rates and incidence rate ratios. Results: Between 2002 and 2017, 11\ua0588\ua0775 screening prostate-specific antigen tests were reimbursed by the Department of Human Services. During 2005-2009, 52% of all Australian men, aged 40\ua0years and over, had a screening test. The incidence rate ratios differed by State and Territory. Men aged 40\ua0years and over, living in very remote areas, were 43% less likely to have had a screening test than residents of major cities. Prostate-specific antigen testing rates fell in all age groups between 2007 and 2009 and 2017. Conclusions: The prostate-specific antigen testing behaviour differs between community groups in Australia. Men were less likely to have had a screening prostate-specific antigen test the farther they lived from the major cities. This highlights the need for a more targeted approach to achieve an equitable and evidence-based prostate cancer care across all sectors of the community