Derechos humanos, salud y muerte materna: características, potencial y retos de un nuevo enfoque para lograr la maternidad segura en México

Este ensayo presenta el enfoque de derechos humanos aplicado a la salud materna y la reducción de la muerte materna, presentando sus antecedentes y los argumentos que la sostienen. Se analiza cómo esos argumentos aterrizan en México, presentando la situación de la muerte materna y de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos especialmente entre mujeres de estratos sociales marginados; la disponibilidad y características de los servicios de salud materna; y las formas en que la política pública conceptualiza el derecho a la salud. En el contexto actual del país, el enfoque presenta potencial para promover, defender y garantizar la salud materna y los derechos reproductivos. Sin embargo, los retos para su aplicación son considerables en un país que se caracteriza por un proyecto político de nación neoliberal, un sistema público de salud fragmentado y desigual, una cultura política marcada por una corrupción endémica y con tendencias autoritarias y clientelares, y una gobernanza democrática todavía incipiente y endeble.This essay presents the human rights-based approach to maternal health and maternal mortality reduction efforts; identifying how this approach was construed and its underlying arguments. It analyzes how Mexico fares vis-a-vis these arguments, showing the country’s maternal mortality and sexual and reproductive health rights situation, especially among women from disadvantaged social groups; the availability and characteristics of maternal health services; and the ways in which public policy conceptualizes the right to health. In today’s context, this approach shows potential to promote, defend and guarantee maternal health and reproductive rights in Mexico. Nevertheless, the challenges toward its implementation are major in a country that characterizes itself by the adoption of neoliberal public policies, a fragmented and unequal public health system, a political culture marked by endemic corruption, authoritarianism and clientelism, and an incipient and weak democratic governance

PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA MATERI FPB DAN KPK SISWA KELAS 4 SEKOLAH DASAR

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh model pembelajaran PBL terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika materi FPB dan KPK dan respon siswa kelas 4 SDIT At – Taqwa Surabaya terhadap pembelajaran matematika materi FPB dan KPK. Responden berjumlah 64 siswa yang terbagi menjadi dua kelas yaitu 4A 32 siswa (kelas eksperimen) dan 4B 32 siswa (kelas kontrol). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi experimental tipe nonequivalent control group design. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa adanya pengaruh model pembelajaran PBL terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika materi FPB dan KPK. Hal ini diketahui dari hasil t-test siswa yaitu diperoleh signifikan (2-tailed) sebesar 0,001 < 0,05. Jadi ada pengaruh dari penggunaan model pembelajaran PBL terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika materi FPB dan KPK. Kata Kunci: Model PBL, Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah, FPB dan KPK. Abstract This research was conducted to determine whether there was an influence of the PBL learning model on the ability to solve mathematical problems on FPB and KPK materials and the responses of 4th grade students at SDIT At – Taqwa Surabaya towards learning mathematics on FPB and KPK materials. Respondents totaled 64 students who were divided into two classes, namely 4A 32 students (experimental class) and 4B 32 students (control class). This study used a quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group design. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there was an influence of the PBL learning model on the ability to solve mathematical problems in FPB and KPK material. It is known from the results of the students' t-test that is significant (2-tailed) of 0.001 <0.05. So there is an influence from the use of the PBL learning model on the ability to solve mathematical problems in FPB and KPK material. Keywords: PBI, Problem Solving Skill, FPB and KPK &nbsp

Conformalized Frequency Estimation from Sketched Data

A flexible conformal inference method is developed to construct confidence intervals for the frequencies of queried objects in a very large data set, based on the information contained in a much smaller sketch of those data. The approach is completely data-adaptive and makes no use of any knowledge of the population distribution or of the inner workings of the sketching algorithm; instead, it constructs provably valid frequentist confidence intervals under the sole assumption of data exchangeability. Although the proposed solution is much more broadly applicable, this paper explicitly demonstrates its use in combination with the famous count-min sketch algorithm and a non-linear variation thereof to facilitate the exposition. The performance is compared to that of existing frequentist and Bayesian alternatives through several experiments with synthetic data as well as with real data sets consisting of SARS-CoV-2 DNA sequences and classic English literature.Comment: 29 pages, 20 figures, 2 table

The Corrected Allan Variance: Stability Analysis of Frequency Measurements with Missing Data

Atomic clocks are essential elements in a variety of applications, such as global navigation satellite systems. Consequently, monitoring their performances is fundamental. The Allan variance is the key statistical tool for the performance characterization of atomic clocks. This paper proves that the Allan variance computed from frequency measurements with missing data is affected by a bias, which can make it dramatically different from the expected behavior in the full data case. Furthermore, it shows how to eliminate (or largely reduce) this bias by correcting the Allan variance. The corrected Allan variance is obtained for some of the most common atomic clock noise components, and it is validated through numerical simulations

Conformal Frequency Estimation with Sketched Data under Relaxed Exchangeability

A flexible method is developed to construct a confidence interval for the frequency of a queried object in a very large data set, based on a much smaller sketch of the data. The approach requires no knowledge of the data distribution or of the details of the sketching algorithm; instead, it constructs provably valid frequentist confidence intervals for random queries using a conformal inference approach. After achieving marginal coverage for random queries under the assumption of data exchangeability, the proposed method is extended to provide stronger inferences accounting for possibly heterogeneous frequencies of different random queries, redundant queries, and distribution shifts. While the presented methods are broadly applicable, this paper focuses on use cases involving the count-min sketch algorithm and a non-linear variation thereof, to facilitate comparison to prior work. In particular, the developed methods are compared empirically to frequentist and Bayesian alternatives, through simulations and experiments with data sets of SARS-CoV-2 DNA sequences and classic English literature.Comment: 56 pages, 31 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2204.0427

REVIEW OF PREDICTION MARKET RESEARCH: GUIDELINES FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH

This paper presents an analysis of prediction market (PM) research relevant to information systems. Prediction markets are (online) markets are usually not traded on existing exchanges but on future events. As an emerging research area, prediction markets have received considerable attention from several disciplines, including economics, politics, marketing, computer science, electronic commerce and etc. In information systems research, however, they have been largely ignored. This study reviewed 93 academic articles concerning prediction markets. The analysis reveals that an increasing volume of PM research has been conducted, and that research themes of these studies can be categorized into three groups, namely general introduction, theoretical work, and PM applications. Building upon this work, we argue for the importance of future prediction market research and suggest potential research targets for IS researchers