目次 : 『千葉医学雑誌 オープン・アクセス・ペーパー』 89E巻2号 2013年4月

Multivariate clustering. (DOCX 149 kb

Appendix A. ΔAIC values for the first set of models and the best model within this set (model 22).

ΔAIC values for the first set of models and the best model within this set (model 22)

Mie aattelen niin, että siellä sitten neuvotaan, miten tässä toimitaan” ASIAKKAIDEN KOKEMUKSIA VANHUKSILLE TARKOITETUSTA PALVELUOHJAUKSESTA

Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää Joensuun kaupungin seniorineuvonta Ankkurin asiakkaiden kokemuksia ikääntyneille tarkoitetusta palveluohjauksesta. Tavoitteena oli tuoda esiin asiakkaiden näkökulmia palveluohjauksesta. Palveluohjaus on sosiaalialan asiakaslähtöinen työskentelymenetelmä, jonka tarkoituksena on selvittää asiakkaan yksilölliset palveluntarpeet ja löytää hänen tarpeisiinsa sopivat palvelut. Tarve palveluohjaukselle on suuri, sillä vanhusten palvelujärjestelmä on laaja ja monitahoinen. Tämän vuoksi ikääntyneille voi olla vaikeaa hahmottaa omia oikeuksiaan ja heille kuuluvia palveluja. Opinnäytetyö on laadullinen tutkimus, jonka aineisto on kerätty teemahaastattelumenetelmää käyttäen. Yhteensä tutkimusta varten on haastateltu kuutta palveluohjausta saanutta asiakasta. Aineisto on analysoitu käyttäen aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysia. Tutkimuksessa ilmeni, että palveluohjauksen koettiin lisänneen tietoutta omista oikeuksista ja ikääntyneille palveluista. Tärkeänä koettiin se, että palveluohjaajilla olisi aikaa kuunnella asiakasta ja että asiakkaan tilanteen edistymistä seurattaisiin enemmän. Palveluohjaajilta kaivattaisiin myös ”asianajoa” eli tukea vaikuttamiseen yhteiskunnallisella ja yksilöllisellä tasolla. Opinnäytetyöprosessin aikana nousi esiin jatkotutkimusidea koskien vanhusten osallisuutta ja sitä, kuinka osallisuutta voisi edistää palveluohjauksen avulla.The aim of the thesis was to collect customers’ experiences about the case management aimed at the elderly people provided by the city of Joensuu. The purpose was to give a voice to the customers so they can express their own views in regard to the case management. Case management is a working method used in the social work. It is a customer-oriented method which is used to find out customer’s individual needs so they can be provided with appropriate services. The need for case management is high since the service system for elderly people is extensive and complex. Thus, it may be challenging for the elderly to find out the services they are entitled to. This research was done using qualitative methods. The data was gathered by using thematic interviews and altogether six customers were interviewed. The data was analyzed by using data-based content analysis. The results showed that the case management had increased the customers’ knowledge of their own rights and of the services for elderly people. It was considered important that the case management workers have enough time to listen and give attention to the customers. The results also show that the customers would like their situation to be followed more closely by the workers. Lastly, the customers hoped the case management workers would act as the customers’ advocate on societal and personal level. In the future, it would be interesting to research how the participation and engagement of elderly people could be supported

Plant species dispersed by Galapagos tortoises surf the wave of habitat suitability under anthropogenic climate change

<div><p>Native biodiversity on the Galapagos Archipelago is severely threatened by invasive alien species. On Santa Cruz Island, the abundance of introduced plant species is low in the arid lowlands of the Galapagos National Park, but increases with elevation into unprotected humid highlands. Two common alien plant species, guava (<i>Psidium guajava</i>) and passion fruit (<i>Passiflora edulis</i>) occur at higher elevations yet their seeds are dispersed into the lowlands by migrating Galapagos tortoises (<i>Chelonoidis</i> spp.). Tortoises transport large quantities of seeds over long distances into environments in which they have little or no chance of germination and survival under current climate conditions. However, climate change is projected to modify environmental conditions on Galapagos with unknown consequences for the distribution of native and introduced biodiversity. We quantified seed dispersal of guava and passion fruit in tortoise dung piles and the distribution of adult plants along two elevation gradients on Santa Cruz to assess current levels of ‘wasted’ seed dispersal. We computed species distribution models for both taxa under current and predicted future climate conditions. Assuming that tortoise migratory behaviour continues, current levels of “wasted” seed dispersal in lowlands were projected to decline dramatically in the future for guava but not for passion fruit. Tortoises will facilitate rapid range expansion for guava into lowland areas within the Galapagos National Park where this species is currently absent. Coupled with putative reduction in arid habitat for native species caused by climate change, tortoise driven guava invasion will pose a serious threat to local plant communities.</p></div

Occurrences of plants in plots and seeds in dung piles of guava and passion fruit across elevation and suitability gradients in La Reserva (LR) and Cerro Fatal (CF) regions of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos.

<p>Occurrences of plants in plots and seeds in dung piles of guava and passion fruit across elevation and suitability gradients in La Reserva (LR) and Cerro Fatal (CF) regions of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos.</p

Study site.

<p>(a) The location of Santa Cruz Island in the centre of the Galapagos Archipelago, (b) field-based sample design for vegetation plots studied on Santa Cruz, and (c) major habitats and land use types and vegetation plots along two elevation gradients (La Reserva, and Cerro Fatal) and tracks of GPS-tagged tortoises (black dots)</p

Potential distribution of guava and passion fruit on Santa Cruz Island.

<p>Derived from Maxent SDMs under current climate conditions, followed by future climate change scenarios for the years 2050 and 2070 (see text for details). Colours represent climatic suitability for the focal species. Dark red indicates higher climatic suitability and dark blue displays low suitability values.</p

The distribution of guava and passion fruit plants in vegetation plots (white) and seeds in dung piles (grey) along the elevation gradient on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos.

<p>Values presented fall within the inter quartile range ranging from 25^th to 75 percentile.</p

Estimated Conditional Dependence of Elephant Dung-Pile Numbers on Distance from Road (in Kilometres) and Distance to the Nearest Protected Area Boundary (in Kilometres)

<p>(A) shows the effect of distance from the road, and (B) shows the effect of distance to the nearest boundary of the protected area. Negative distances indicate locations inside protected areas. Estimates (solid lines) and confidence intervals (dashed lines), with a rug plot indicating observation density along the bottom of the plot, are shown. To avoid over-fitting, the degrees of freedom for this model were restricted to 3 for both covariates.</p

Results of Fitting a Logistic Regression Model to Elephant and Human Presence/Absence Megatransect Data

<p>Distance to road (in kilometres) and location within or outside the protected areas were used as explanatory variables. (A) shows the elephant data, and (B) shows the human data. The observations and regression lines are colour-coded to correspond to within or outside the protected areas and the dashed line shows the regression line with only the distance to road covariate. The covariates distance to road and location within or outside the protected areas are significant for both elephant and human probability of occurrence.</p