21,207 research outputs found
Retiree Health Benefits and Retirement
Employer-provided health benefit coverage for workers who retire before age 65 has fallen over the last decade. We examine a cohort of male workers from the Health and Retirement Survey to examine questions about the dynamics of retiree health benefits and the relationship between retiree health benefits and retirement behavior, which is important for the debate over increasing health coverage for older Americans without reducing work incentives. On dynamics, we find that between 1992 and 1996, 24 percent of full-time workers who had retiree health benefits lost their coverage, while 15 percent of full-time workers who lacked coverage gained it. Also, of the full-time employed men who were covered by retiree health benefits in 1992 and had retired by 1996, 3 percent were uninsured, and 15 percent were covered by health insurance other than employer-provided insurance. On the relationship between retiree health benefits and retirement, we find that workers with retiree benefits were 29 to 55 percent more likely to retire than those without. We also find that workers who are eligible for retiree health benefits tend to take advantage of them when they are relatively young.Marton, Woodbury, health insurance, employee benefits, retirement, elderly, employment, retiree health benefits
"Retiree Health Benefit Coverage and Retirement"
Employer-provided health benefits for workers who retire before age 65 has fallen over the last decade. We examine a cohort of male workers from the Health and Retirement Survey to explore the dynamics of retiree health benefits and the relationship between retiree health benefits and retirement behavior. A better understanding of this relationship is important to the policy debate over the best way to increase health coverage for older Americans without reducing work incentives. Concerning the dynamics at work, we find that, between 1992 and 1996, 24 percent of full-time workers who had retiree health benefits lost their coverage, while 15 percent of full-time workers who lacked coverage gained it. Also, of the full-time employed men who were covered by retiree health benefits in 1992 and had retired by 1996, 3 percent were uninsured, and 15 percent were covered by health insurance other than employer-provided insurance. On the relationship between retiree health benefits and retirement, we find that workers with retiree benefits were 29 to 55 percent more likely to retire than those without. We also find that workers who are eligible for retiree health benefits tend to take advantage of them when they are relatively young.
Rediscovery of the Florida Scorpionfly, Panorpa floridana Byers (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)
We describe the rediscovery of the Florida scorpionfly, Panorpa floridana Byers (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), at Gold Head Branch State Park, Clay County, Florida, based upon a single, living, adult specimen photographed on 4 November 2010. The hardcopy photographic prints and electronic digital images of this panorpid are the first vouchers for P. floridana in 28 years, the only observation of a living specimen, and the sixth individual known of this seemingly rare Florida endemic
Not lost in translation: writing auditorily presented words at study increases correct recognition “at no cost”
© 2016 Taylor & Francis. Previous studies have reported a translation effect in memory, whereby encoding tasks that involve translating between processing domains produce a memory advantage relative to tasks that involve a single domain. We investigated the effects of translation on true and false memories using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) procedure [Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17–22; Roediger, H. L., III, & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 21, 803–814]. Translation between modalities enhanced correct recognition but had no effect on false recognition. Results are consistent with previous research showing that correct memory can be enhanced “at no cost” in terms of accuracy. Findings are discussed in terms of understanding the relationship between true and false memories produced by the DRM procedure
Diagnosing the time-dependence of active region core heating from the emission measure: II. Nanoflare trains
The time-dependence of heating in solar active regions can be studied by
analyzing the slope of the emission measure distribution cool-ward of the peak.
In a previous study we showed that low-frequency heating can account for 0% to
77% of active region core emission measures. We now turn our attention to
heating by a finite succession of impulsive events for which the timescale
between events on a single magnetic strand is shorter than the cooling
timescale. We refer to this scenario as a "nanoflare train" and explore a
parameter space of heating and coronal loop properties with a hydrodynamic
model. Our conclusions are: (1) nanoflare trains are consistent with 86% to
100% of observed active region cores when uncertainties in the atomic data are
properly accounted for; (2) steeper slopes are found for larger values of the
ratio of the train duration to the post-train cooling and draining
timescale , where depends on the number of heating events,
the event duration and the time interval between successive events ();
(3) may be diagnosed from the width of the hot component of the
emission measure provided that the temperature bins are much smaller than 0.1
dex; (4) the slope of the emission measure alone is not sufficient to provide
information about any timescale associated with heating - the length and
density of the heated structure must be measured for to be uniquely
extracted from the ratio
Enthalpy-based Thermal Evolution of Loops: II. Improvements to the Model
This paper develops the zero-dimensional (0D) hydrodynamic coronal loop model
"Enthalpy-based Thermal Evolution of Loops" (EBTEL) proposed by Klimchuk et al
(2008), which studies the plasma response to evolving coronal heating,
especially impulsive heating events. The basis of EBTEL is the modelling of
mass exchange between the corona and transition region and chromosphere in
response to heating variations, with the key parameter being the ratio of
transition region to coronal radiation. We develop new models for this
parameter that now include gravitational stratification and a physically
motivated approach to radiative cooling. A number of examples are presented,
including nanoflares in short and long loops, and a small flare. The new
features in EBTEL are important for accurate tracking of, in particular, the
density. The 0D results are compared to a 1D hydro code (Hydrad) with generally
good agreement. EBTEL is suitable for general use as a tool for (a) quick-look
results of loop evolution in response to a given heating function, (b)
extensive parameter surveys and (c) situations where the modelling of hundreds
or thousands of elemental loops is needed. A single run takes a few seconds on
a contemporary laptop
SPH simulations of irradiation-driven warped accretion discs and the long periods in X-ray binaries
We present three dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)
calculations of irradiation-driven warping of accretion discs. Initially
unwarped planar discs are unstable to the radiation reaction when the disc is
illuminated by a central radiation source. The disc warps and tilts and
precesses slowly in a retrograde direction; its shape continuously flexes in
response to the changing orientation of the Roche potential. We simulate ten
systems: eight X-ray binaries, one cataclysmic variable (CV), and a `generic'
low mass X-ray binary (LMXB). We adopt system parameters from observations and
tune a single parameter: our model X-ray luminosity () to reproduce the
observed or inferred super-orbital periods. Without exception, across a wide
range of parameter space, we find an astonishingly good match between the
observed and the model . We conclude irradiation-driven warping
is the mechanism underlying the long periods in X-ray binaries. Our Her X-1
simulation simultaneously reproduces the observed , the "main-" and
"short-high" X-ray states and the orbital inclination. Our simulations of SS
433 give a maximum warp angle of , a good match to the cone
traced by the jets, but this angle is reached only in the outer disc. In all
cases, the overall disc tilt is less than \degrees{13} and the maximum disc
warp is less than and or equal to \degrees{21}.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, shorter abstract (24 lines limit
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