A new photoplethysmographic device for continuous assessment of urethral mucosa perfusion: evaluation in a porcine model

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Inhaled nitric oxide prevents NSAID-induced renal impairment in pseudo-normovolaemic piglets.

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is commonly used as a treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Its action is purported to be specific to the lung, but extrapulmonary effects have been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate if iNO could compensate the renal impairment induced by ketoprofen, a conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), during general anaesthesia.Under pseudo-normovolaemic condition, thirty piglets were randomly assigned into 5 equal groups and equipped for renal and systemic parameters measurements. A first experiment was carried out to validate methods and reproduce the renal effects of iNO (40 ppm) in comparison with a placebo (100% oxygen). In a second experiment, iNO was inhaled for 120 minutes right after NSAID treatment (ketoprofen 2 mg×kg-1 IV, and 40 ppm iNO; group KiNO) and its effects were compared to ketoprofen alone (2 mg×kg-1 IV; group K) and placebo (saline; group C).In this model, iNO increased significantly renal blood flow measured by ultrasonic (RBFUL: +53.2±17.2%; p = 0.008) and by PAH clearance (RBFPAH:+78.6±37.6%; p = 0.004) methods, glomerular filtration rate (GFR: +72.6±32.5%; p = 0.006) and urinary output (UO: +47.4±24.2%; p = 0.01). In the second experiment, no significant temporal variation was noted for renal parameters in groups KiNO and C, whereas a significant and constant decrease was observed in the group K for RBFUL (max -19.0±7.1%), GFR (max -26.6±10.4%) and UO (max -30.3±10.5%).Our experiments show that iNO, released from its transport forms after its inhalation, can improve renal safety of NSAIDs. This result is promising regarding the use of NSAIDs in critical conditions, but needs to receive clinical confirmation

Use of infrared thermography to detect early alterations of peripheral perfusion: evaluation in a porcine model

This study aimed to evaluate the variations of infrared thermography according to rapid hemodynamic changes, by measuring the peripheral skin temperature in a porcine model. Eight healthy piglets were anesthetized and exposed to different levels of arterial pressure. Thermography was performed on the left forelimb to measure carpus and elbow skin temperature and their associated gradient with the core temperature. Changes in skin temperature in response to variations of blood pressure were observed. A negative correlation between arterial pressure and temperature gradients between peripheral and core temperature and a negative correlation between cardiac index and these temperature gradients were observed. Thermography may serve as a tool to detect early changes in peripheral perfusion.</jats:p

Use of infrared thermography to detect early alterations of peripheral perfusion: evaluation in a porcine model

International audienceThis study aimed to evaluate the variations of infrared thermography according to rapid hemodynamic changes, by measuring the peripheral skin temperature in a porcine model. Eight healthy piglets were anesthetized and exposed to different levels of arterial pressure. Thermography was performed on the left forelimb to measure carpus and elbow skin temperature and their associated gradient with the core temperature. Changes in skin temperature in response to variations of blood pressure were observed. A negative correlation between arterial pressure and temperature gradients between peripheral and core temperature and a negative correlation between cardiac index and these temperature gradients were observed. Thermography may serve as a tool to detect early changes in peripheral perfusion

Micro- and Macrocirculatory Effects of Landiolol: A Double-Blind, Randomized Study Following Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) increases morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Landiolol, a selective ultra-short-acting betablocker has been recently suggested to prevent POAF in the cardiac surgical setting with a good safety profile. Micro- and detailed macrocirculatory effects of landiolol remain however largely unknown in that setting.Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind study versus placebo in patients undergoing conventional cardiac surgery. Incremental doses of intravenous landiolol from 0.5 to 10 μg-1.kg-1.min-1 or placebo were administrated postoperatively. Microcirculatory variables were assessed by both peripheral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in combination with a vascular occlusion test and sublingual videomicroscopy. Macrocirculatory variables were obtained from transpulmonary thermodilution and transthoracic echocardiography. Results: Fifty-nine adult patients were allocated to the landiolol group (n=30) or the placebo group (n=29) from January to November 2019. Heart rate significantly decreased in the landiolol group (P&lt;0.01) whereas mean arterial pressure (P=0.05) and stroke volume (P=0.63) were not significantly modified throughout the study. No modification was found in left and right systolic and diastolic ventricular functions except a significant increase in E/A ratio in the landiolol group (P=0.02). No difference was evidenced between groups in microcirculatory parameters at any landiolol dose. POAF occurred in 9 (32%) vs. 5 (17%) patients in placebo and landiolol groups, respectively (P=0.28). Conclusions: Postoperative incremental doses of landiolol up to 10 μg-1.kg-1.min-1 are efficacious to control heart rate without significant alterations in both micro- and macrocirculation following conventional cardiac surgery.</jats:p

Deep analysis of immune response and metabolic signature in children with food protein induced enterocolitis to cow's milk

International audienceBackground: Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) is considered to be a non-IgE mediated food allergy. However, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood and biomarkers are lacking. We aimed to perform in-depth characterization of humoral and cellular immune responses in children with cow's milk (CM)-FPIES and investigated whether there is a FPIES metabolomic signature. Methods: Children with CM-FPIES and control subjects with an IgE-mediated CM allergy (IgE-CMA), both avoiding CM, were recruited on the day of an oral food challenge. Blood samples were collected before the challenge. Total and specific levels of IgE, IgG1-4, IgA, IgM and IgD to various whey and casein allergens and to their gastroduodenal digestion products were measured in plasma, using plasma from CM-tolerant peanut allergic patients (IgE-PA, not avoiding CM) as additional controls. Cytokine secretion and cellular proliferation were analyzed after stimulation of PBMC with different CM allergens. Metabolomic profiles were obtained for plasma samples using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results: Nine children with CM-FPIES and 12 control subjects (6 IgE-CMA and 6 IgE-PA) were included. In children with CM-FPIES, total Ig concentrations were lower than in control subjects, specific Ig against CM components were weak to undetectable, and no specific IgE against CM digestion products were detected. Moreover, in CM-FPIES patients, we did not find any Th cell proliferation or associated cytokine secretion after allergen reactivation, whereas such responses were clearly found in children with IgE-CMA. Plasma metabolic profiles were different between CM allergic patients, with significantly lower concentrations of various fatty acids and higher concentrations of primary metabolites such as amino acids in CM-FPIES compared to IgE-CMA patients. Conclusions: In CM-FPIES, both humoral and cellular specific immune responses are weak or absent, and this is not related to CM avoidance. A metabolomic signature was identified in patients with CM-FPIES that may be useful for the diagnosis and management of this disease

PeakForest: a multi-platform digital infrastructure for interoperable metabolite spectral data and metadata management

International audienceIntroduction Accuracy of feature annotation and metabolite identification in biological samples is a key element in metabolomics research. However, the annotation process is often hampered by the lack of spectral reference data in experimental conditions, as well as logistical difficulties in the spectral data management and exchange of annotations between laboratories. Objectives To design an open-source infrastructure allowing hosting both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectra (MS), with an ergonomic Web interface and Web services to support metabolite annotation and laboratory data management. Methods We developed the PeakForest infrastructure, an open-source Java tool with automatic programming interfaces that can be deployed locally to organize spectral data for metabolome annotation in laboratories. Standardized operating procedures and formats were included to ensure data quality and interoperability, in line with international recommendations and FAIR principles. Results PeakForest is able to capture and store experimental spectral MS and NMR metadata as well as collect and display signal annotations. This modular system provides a structured database with inbuilt tools to curate information, browse and reuse spectral information in data treatment. PeakForest offers data formalization and centralization at the laboratory level, facilitating shared spectral data across laboratories and integration into public databases. Conclusion PeakForest is a comprehensive resource which addresses a technical bottleneck, namely large-scale spectral data annotation and metabolite identification for metabolomics laboratories with multiple instruments. PeakForest databases can be used in conjunction with bespoke data analysis pipelines in the Galaxy environment, offering the opportunity to meet the evolving needs of metabolomics research. Developed and tested by the French metabolomics community, PeakForest is freely-available at https://github.com/peakforest