1,392 research outputs found
The Effect of Luxury Taxes on Competitive Balance, Club Profits, and Social Welfare in Sports Leagues
This paper provides a game-theoretic model of a professional sports league and analyzes the effect of luxury taxes on competitive balance, club profits and social welfare. We show that a luxury tax increases aggregate salary payments in the league as well as produces a more balanced league. Moreover, a higher tax rate increases the profits of large-market clubs, whereas the profits of small-market clubs only increase if the tax rate is not set inadequately high. Finally, we show that social welfare increases with a luxury tax.Sports League, Luxury Tax, Social Welfare, Competitive Balance
Insulation concepts and materials for an innovative ultra-high temperature latent heat energy store
Insulation concepts and materials for an innovative ultra-high temperature latent heat energy stor
AHNAK and inflammatory markers predict poor survival in laryngeal carcinoma.
AHNAK/Desmoyokin is a giant protein which has been recently linked to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cellular migration and invasion. Here, we investigated the role of AHNAK in the pathophysiology of larynx carcinoma-one of the major subtypes of head and neck cancer. To this end, we analysed AHNAK expression in tumor tissues from 83 larynx carcinoma patients in relation to overall survival. We found that tumoral AHNAK overexpression significantly associated with poor survival of these patients both in univariate and multivariate analysis. In further studies, we combined the prognostic value of AHNAK with selected markers of inflammation, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (CD66b-positive cells). Both MIF and neutrophils have been linked to enhanced tumoral migration and poor clinical outcome in patients with orohypopharynx carcinoma-another major subtype of head and neck cancer. Interestingly, we found that synchronous high levels of AHNAK and MIF or AHNAK and neutrophils, respectively, were stronger predictors of poor survival than AHNAK alone. Synchronous high levels of all three markers were the strongest predictors of poor survival in our patient cohort. Taken together, our findings propose novel strategies for an accurate prognosis in larynx carcinoma and suggest potential mechanisms of inflammation-mediated tumor progression
Social Welfare in Sports Leagues with Profit-Maximizing and/or Win-Maximizing Clubs
This paper develops a contest model to compare social welfare in homogeneous leagues in which all clubs maximize identical objective functions with mixed leagues in which clubs maximize different objective functions. We show that homogeneous leagues in which all clubs are profit-maximizers dominate all other leagues whereas mixed leagues in which small-market clubs are profit- and large-market clubs are win-maximizers (type-I mixed leagues) are dominated by all other leagues. In addition, we show that, from a welfare perspective, large-market clubs win too often in (purely) win-maximizing and type-I mixed leagues whereas small-market clubs win too many games in (purely) profit-maximizing leagues and in mixed leagues in which large-market clubs are profit- and small-market clubs are win-maximizers (type-II mixed leagues). These results have important policy implications: Social welfare will increase if clubs are reorganized from non-profit members associations to profit-maximizing corporations. Moreover, it is socially desirable to reorganize large-market clubs first because, in mixed leagues, it is better if large-market clubs maximize profits instead of small-market clubs. Finally, we show that the invariance proposition does not hold in any league. In mixed (homogeneous) leagues, revenue sharing decreases (increases) social welfare. Given these results, homogeneous leagues should introduce revenue sharing; mixed leagues should not.Social welfare, team sports leagues, objective functions, mixed leagues, competitive balance
Influence of electron-phonon interaction on superexchange
We investigate the influence of electron-phonon coupling on the superexchange
interaction of magnetic insulators. Both the Holstein-Hubbard model where the
phonons couple to the electron density, as well as an extended Su, Schrieffer,
Heeger model where the coupling arises from modulation of the overlap integral
are studied using exact diagonalization and perturbative methods. In all cases
for both the adiabatic (but non-zero frequency) and anti-adiabatic parameter
regions the electron-phonon coupling is found to enhance the superexchange.Comment: 14 pages+4 postscript figure
Bayesian structured additive distributional regression for multivariate responses
In this paper, we propose a unified Bayesian approach for multivariate structured additive distributional regression analysis where inference is applicable to a huge class of multivariate response distributions, comprising continuous, discrete and latent models, and where each parameter of these potentially complex distributions is modelled by a structured additive predictor. The latter is an additive composition of different types of covariate effects e.g. nonlinear effects of continuous variables, random effects, spatial variations, or interaction effects. Inference is realised by a generic, efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm based on iteratively weighted least squares approximations and with multivariate Gaussian priors to enforce specific properties of functional effects. Examples will be given by illustrations on analysing the joint model of risk factors for chronic and acute childhood malnutrition in India and on ecological regression for German election results
Lattice strain accompanying the colossal magnetoresistance effect in EuB
The coupling of magnetic and electronic degrees of freedom to the crystal
lattice in the ferromagnetic semimetal EuB, which exhibits a complex
ferromagnetic order and a colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect, %, very
likely involving magnetic polarons, is studied by high-resolution thermal
expansion and magnetostriction experiments. EuB may be viewed as a model
system, where pure magnetism-tuned transport and the response of the crystal
lattice can be studied in a comparatively simple environment,i.e., not
influenced by strong crystal-electric field effects and Jahn-Teller
distortions. We find a very large lattice response, quantified by (i) the
magnetic Gr\"uneisen parameter, (ii) the spontaneous strain when entering the
ferromagnetic region and (iii) the magnetostriction in the paramagnetic
temperature regime. Our analysis reveals that a significant part of the lattice
effects originates in the magnetically-driven delocalization of charge
carriers, consistent with the scenario of percolating magnetic polarons. A
strong effect of the formation and dynamics of local magnetic clusters on the
lattice parameters is suggested to be a general feature of CMR materials.Comment: 5 pages and 3 figure
Background Simulations of the Wide Field Imager of the ATHENA X-Ray Observatory
The ATHENA X-ray Observatory-IXO is a planned multinational orbiting X-ray
observatory with a focal length of 11.5m. ATHENA aims to perform pointed
observations in an energy range from 0.1 keV to 15 keV with high sensitivity.
For high spatial and timing resolution imaging and spectroscopic observations
the 640x640 pixel^2 large DePFET-technology based Wide field Imager (WFI) focal
plane detector, providing a field of view of 18 arcsec will be the main
detector. Based on the actual mechanics, thermal and shielding design we
present estimates for the WFI cosmic ray induced background obtained by the use
of Monte-Carlo simulations and possible background reduction measures.Comment: IEEE NSS MIC Conference 2011, Valencia, Spai
PSYKOLOGISKE FORHOLD VED BRYSTREKONSTRUKTION
The requests for breast reconstruction after mastectomy have increased dramatically in recent years. The paper review the psycho-social literature in the area. It hints at the existence of uncertainty of what the wish for breast reconstruction mirrors. In an attempt to eliminate the uncertainty, empirical findings are contrasted to the theoretical considerations in the area. Since this approach is it is demonstrated that psychoanalytic theory and existential theory both can explain why mastectomized women seek breast reconstruction.Rekonstruktion af brystet, efter det er blevet amputeret pga. brystkræft, er en procedure flere og flere vælger. Artiklen gennemgår den psykosociale forskning på området. Det påpeges at der er usikkerhed om, hvad ønsket om brystrekonstruktion afspejler. I forsøg på at eliminere usikkerheden sammenholdes empirien med de teoretiske tiltag indenfor området. Da dette er uden succes, anskueliggøres det i stedet, at den psykoanalytiske teori og den eksistentielle/fænomenologiske teori begge kan redegøre for hvorfor mastektomerede kvinder søger brystrekonstruktion. Herved peges der på en måde til at mindske usikkerheden
The Expected Perimeter in Eden and Related Growth Processes
Following Richardson and using results of Kesten on First-passage
percolation, we obtain an upper bound on the expected perimeter in an Eden
Growth Process. Using results of the author from a problem in Statistical
Mechanics, we show that the average perimeter of the lattice animals resulting
from a very natural family of "growth histories" does not obey a similar bound.Comment: 11 page
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