Innovative approaches to the organization of social service of elderly people in a management of the social work : regional experience

The article is devoted to a problem of formation of new system of social service, relevant for Russia, covering a general population. In these conditions the new tasks are set for management of social work. They are connected with creation and introduction in practice of social work of new technologies of work with elderly people who will be directed not only to the solution of the existing social problems, but promoting involvement of pensioners in a "active" old age. At the description of regional experiment of Krasnoyarsk Region on introduction of innovative technologies the analysis and synthesis, logical and complex approaches are used to assessment of level of social service of the elderly. In work, it is shown that the faces of the senior generation are the unprotected social group of the population of Russia. By the way it is added also the financial problems. As a solution of this problem, innovative approach is offered to the organization of social service of the elderly in management of social work of Krasnoyarsk Region. The regional experience will promote the choice of optimal model of management of social work.peer-reviewe

Polynomiality of unpolarized off-forward distribution functions and the D-term in the chiral quark-soliton model

Mellin moments of off-forward distribution functions are even polynomials of the skewedness parameter. This constraint, called polynomiality property, follows from Lorentz- and time-reversal invariance. We prove that the unpolarized off-forward distribution functions in the chiral quark-soliton model satisfy the polynomiality property. The proof is an important contribution to the demonstration that the description of off-forward distribution functions in the model is consistent. As a byproduct of the proof we derive explicit model expressions for moments of the D-term and compute the first coefficient in the Gegenbauer expansion for this term.Comment: 18 pages, no figures. Corrections and improvements in section 6. To appear in Phys.Rev.

Time delay of SBS 0909+532

The time delays between the components of a lensed quasar are basic tools to analyze the expansion of the Universe and the structure of the main lens galaxy halo. In this paper, we focus on the variability and time delay of the double system SBS 0909+532A,B as well as the time behaviour of the field stars. We use VR optical observations of SBS 0909+532A,B and the field stars in 2003. The frames were taken at Calar Alto, Maidanak and Wise observatories, and the VR light curves of the field stars and quasar components are derived from aperture and point-spread function fitting methods. We measure the R-band time delay of the system from the chi-square and dispersion techniques and 1000 synthetic light curves based on the observed records. One nearby field star (SBS 0909+532c) is found to be variable, and the other two nearby field stars are non-variable sources. With respect to the quasar components, the R-band records seem more reliable and are more densely populated than the V-band ones. The observed R-band fluctuations permit a pre-conditioned measurement of the time delay. From the chi-square minimization, if we assume that the quasar emission is observed first in B and afterwards in A (in agreement with basic observations of the system and the corresponding predictions), we obtain a delay of - 45 (+ 1)/(- 11) days (95% confidence interval). The dispersion technique leads to a similar delay range. A by-product of the analysis is the determination of a totally corrected flux ratio in the R band (corrected by the time delay and the contamination due to the galaxy light). Our 95% measurement of this ratio (0.575 +/- 0.014 mag) is in excellent agreement with previous results from contaminated fluxes at the same time of observation.Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics (see also http://www.astro.ulg.ac.be/RPub/Colloques/JENAM/proceedings/proceedings.html - Quasars Section

Amplitude analysis of gamma n --> pi- p data above 1 GeV

We report a new extraction of nucleon resonance couplings using pi- photoproduction cross sections on the neutron. The world database for the process gamma n --> pi- p above 1 GeV has quadrupled with the addition of new differential cross sections from the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab in Hall B. Differential cross sections from CLAS have been improved with a new final-state interaction determination using a diagramatic technique taking into account the NN and piN final-state interaction amplitudes. Resonance couplings have been extracted and compared to previous determinations. With the addition of these new cross sections, significant changes are seen in the high-energy behavior of the SAID cross sections and amplitudes.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 table

МЕТАСТАЗЫ В ГОЛОВНОЙ МОЗГ И ОСНОВАНИЕ ЧЕРЕПА КАРЦИНОМ, РЕДКО МЕТАСТАЗИРУЮЩИХ В ЦНС. КЛИНИКО-МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ 51 НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ И ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Metastases of malignant tumors to the brain represent a severe manifestation of far gone oncological disease. Modern possibilities of combined treatment dictate the requirements for understanding the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and morphology of brain metastases. It has been long observed that certain tumors: breast, lung, colon and kidney cancer and melanoma - are the most frequent origins of the brain metastases. However, other tumors, much less, but are also capable to metastasize to the CNS. In this paper, a detailed clinical and morphological investigation of the brain metastases from the origins different from the most common metastatic tumors of the brain is presented. Karnovskiy index before surgery and presence of non-brain metastases are significant criteria of the prognosis. Literature review is presented in this article.Метастазы злокачественных опухолей в головной мозг представляют собой тяжелое проявление далеко зашедшего  онкологического процесса.  Современные  возможности  комбинированного  лечения  диктуют требования к пониманию эпидемиологии, этиологии, патогенеза и морфологии метастазов в головной мозг (МГМ). Издавна замечено,  что определенные  опухоли: рак молочной железы, легкого, толстой кишки, почки и меланома — наиболее частые источники  МГМ. Однако другие опухоли, хотя и гораздо реже, также способны метастазировать в ЦНС. В работе проведено подробное клинико-морфологическое исследование метастазов в головной мозг из источников, не относящихся к наиболее  частым метастазирующим  в мозг опухолям. Индекс Карновского до операции и наличие внемозговых метастазов — досоверные критерии прогноза. Приводится обзор литературы по теме

ДИФФУЗНЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПЕЧЕНИ: ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ МЕТОДОМ СТАНДАРТИЗОВАННОЙ ARFI-ЭЛАСТОМЕТРИИ

Development of chronic diffuse liver diseases occurs through the progression of fibrosis stages with the final formation of cirrhosis and liver cancer. The "gold standard" for detecting the fibrosis process is a liver biopsy followed by a histological examination of the received material, but it has its drawbacks and contraindications. Recently elastometry is becoming increasingly widespread as it reflects the rigidity of the liver, which is increasing in fibrosis. However, at the moment there is no standard protocol for performing ARFI-elastometry of the liver, which should take into account the choice of topography, the depth of installation of the polling zone, the number of measurements of the shear wave. Objectives of the study: standardization of the procedure for performing ARFI-elastometry of the liver for further evaluation of the fibrosis stages; detection of the most sensitive echographic changes in the liver at various stages of fibrosis. Based on healthy volunteers examinations, a standardized protocol for patients with diffuse liver changes was developed. While using shear wave elastography, it was noted that detected number of echographic symptoms corresponds to the elastometry stage of fibrosis not in all cases. During the study, it was determined that in the F1 and F2 stages of fibrosis, 1 to 4 echographic symptoms occurred in patients; in F3 and F4 fibrosis stages — from 3 to 11 echographic symptoms accordingly. It is noted that with an increase in the fibrosis stage, the number of echographic symptoms is basically increases, too. A special group of patients without obvious echographic symp- toms, but with verified F2-F4 fibrosis stages was selected using elastometry. In this group, echographic symptoms were not detected in 42% of cases with verified F2-F4 fibrosis. In 10% of cases with F3 and F4 fibrosis stages there were only 1–2 echographic symptoms. Thus, the detection of at least a single echographic symptom in the patient should be the warning sign of possible presence of fibrosis or cirrhosis.Развитие хронических диффузных заболеваний печени происходит через прогрессирование стадий фиброза с формированием в конечном итоге цирроза и рака печени. «Золотым стандартом» для обнаружения процесса фиброзирования является биопсия печени с последующим гистологическим исследованием полученного материала, но она имеет свои недостатки и противопоказания. В последнее время все более широкое распространение получает  — эластометрия, которая отражает жесткость печени, возрастающую при фиброзировании. Однако в настоящий момент не существует стандартного протокола для выполнения ARFI-эластометрии печени с учетом выбора топографии, глубины установки зоны опроса, количества измерений сдвиговой волны. Цели исследования: стандартизация методики проведения ARFI-эластометрии печени для дальнейшей оценки стадий фиброза; выявление наиболее чувствительных эхографических изменений печени при различных стадиях фиброза. На основании обследования здоровых добровольцев разработан стандартизованный протокол и пациентов с диффузными изменениями печени. При использовании эластографии сдвиговой волны отмечено, что не во всех случаях выявляемое количество эхографических симптомов соответствует стадии фиброза по эластометрии. В ходе исследования определено, что при стадиях фиброза F1 и F2 у пациентов встречались от 1 до 4 эхографических симптомов; при фиброзе F3 и F4 — от 3 до 11 эхографических симптомов. Отмечено, что при увеличении стадии фиброза количество эхографический симптомов в основном увеличивается. Выделена особая группа пациентов без явных эхографических симптомов, но с верифицируемым фиброзом F2–F4 по эластометрии. У данной группы эхографические симптомы не определялись в 42% случаев при верифицированном фиброзе F2–F4. В 10% случаев при F3 и F4 стадиях фиброза встречались лишь 1–2 эхографических симптома. Таким образом, обнаружение у пациента даже одного эхографического симптома должно насторожить врача ультразвуковой диагностики в плане возможного наличия фиброза или цирроза

The proton and deuteron F_2 structure function at low Q^2

Measurements of the proton and deuteron $F_2$ structure functions are presented. The data, taken at Jefferson Lab Hall C, span the four-momentum transfer range $0.06 < Q^2 < 2.8$ GeV$^2$, and Bjorken $x$ values from 0.009 to 0.45, thus extending the knowledge of $F_2$ to low values of $Q^2$ at low $x$. Next-to-next-to-leading order calculations using recent parton distribution functions start to deviate from the data for $Q^2<2$ GeV$^2$ at the low and high $x$-values. Down to the lowest value of $Q^2$, the structure function is in good agreement with a parameterization of $F_2$ based on data that have been taken at much higher values of $Q^2$ or much lower values of $x$, and which is constrained by data at the photon point. The ratio of the deuteron and proton structure functions at low $x$ remains well described by a logarithmic dependence on $Q^2$ at low $Q^2$.Comment: 3 figures, submitted pape

Longitudinal-Transverse Separations of Structure Functions at Low Q2Q^{2} for Hydrogen and Deuterium

We report on a study of the longitudinal to transverse cross section ratio, $R=\sigma_L/\sigma_T$, at low values of $x$ and $Q^{2}$, as determined from inclusive inelastic electron-hydrogen and electron-deuterium scattering data from Jefferson Lab Hall C spanning the four-momentum transfer range 0.06 $< Q^{2} < 2.8$ GeV$^{2}$. Even at the lowest values of $Q^{2}$, $R$ remains nearly constant and does not disappear with decreasing $Q^{2}$, as expected. We find a nearly identical behaviour for hydrogen and deuterium.Comment: 4 pages, 2 gigure