Core-shell Structured Composite Silica Micro- and Nanoparticles with Ability Release a De fined Quantity „on Demand“

The aim of this work was the preparation of biocompatible micro- and nanoparticles with a hollow in-terrior. The particles must be able to encapsulate and store a chemical payload for a certain time, followed by the release on demand of this payload. In our previous work [13] we have prepared silica microparticles with a hollow core and found that the diffusion across the mesoporous silica shell was strongly dependent on temperature. In this work, we used this dependence and attached iron oxide nanoparticles on the sur-face of the silica shell to create composite iron oxide/silica particles. The iron oxide nanoparticles were able to heat up in the presence of an alternating magnetic field. This property allowed us to use magnetic field as a tool for remote control of diffusion across the particle shell. To avoid spontaneous leakage of encapsu-lated payload in time, we have modified the surface of the composite micropaticles with a layer of palm oil. Palm oil is a phase change material which is solid under 37 °C. We showed that the resultant composite particles are able to store a payload for several months and release a defined quantity on demand by the application of a magnetic field. The particles were characterised in shape, size, heating ability and their mass transport properties. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3557

Research Activities for the DORIS Contribution to the Next International Terrestrial Reference Frame

For the preparation of ITRF2008, the IDS processed data from 1993 to 2008, including data from TOPEX/Poseidon, the SPOT satellites and Envisat in the weekly solutions. Since the development of ITRF2008, the IDS has been engaged in a number of efforts to try and improve the reference frame solutions. These efforts include (i) assessing the contribution of the new DORIS satellites, Jason-2 and Cryosat2 (2008-2011), (ii) individually analyzing the DORIS satellite contributions to geocenter and scale, and (iii) improving orbit dynamics (atmospheric loading effects, satellite surface force modeling. . . ). We report on the preliminary results from these research activities, review the status of the IDS combination which is now routinely generated from the contributions of the IDS analysis centers, and discuss the prospects for continued improvement in the DORIS contribution to the next international reference frame

New freshwater diatom genus, Edtheriotia gen. nov. of the Stephanodiscaceae (Bacillariophyta) from south‐central China

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134437/1/pre12145.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134437/2/pre12145_am.pd

The wall shear rate distribution for flow in random sphere packings

The wall shear rate distribution P(gamma) is investigated for pressure-driven Stokes flow through random arrangements of spheres at packing fractions 0.1 <= phi <= 0.64. For dense packings, P(gamma) is monotonic and approximately exponential. As phi --> 0.1, P(gamma) picks up additional structure which corresponds to the flow around isolated spheres, for which an exact result can be obtained. A simple expression for the mean wall shear rate is presented, based on a force-balance argument.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, RevTeX 4; significantly revised with significantly extended scop

BRAF V600E mutations in urine and plasma cell-free DNA from patients with Erdheim-Chester disease.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare histiocytosis with a high prevalence of BRAF V600E mutation (&gt;50% of patients). Patients with BRAF-mutant ECD can respond to BRAF inhibitors. Unfortunately, the lack of adequate archival tissue often precludes BRAF testing. We hypothesized that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma or urine can offer an alternative source of biologic material for testing. We tested for BRAF V600E mutation in cfDNA from the plasma and urine of 6 ECD patients. In patients with available archival tissue, the result of BRAF mutation analysis was concordant with plasma and urine cfDNA results in all 3 patients (100% agreement, kappa 1.00). In all 6 patients, BRAF mutation analysis of plasma and urine cfDNA was concordant in 5 of 6 patients (83% agreement, kappa 0.67). Testing for BRAF V600E mutation in plasma and urine cfDNA should be further investigated as an alternative to archival tissue mutation analysis

Bony canal and grooves of the middle meningeal artery: mythic structures in anatomy and neurosurgery?

Background: It has been previously published that the frontal branch of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) is usually embedded in a bony canal (BC). Although the incidence of the BC was over 70%, this structure is currently omitted both in anatomical nomenclature and in most of the literature. We found the same gap pertaining to the grooves for the MMA on the skull base. The aims of our study were to assess the incidence and morphometry of the MMA BC and grooves on the skull base. Materials and methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 378 patients, 172 skull bases as well as 120 sphenoidal bones and 168 temporal bones, and 12 histological specimens from 3 men and 3 women and 3 different regions of the MMA course were assessed. Results: Based on CT scans, the incidence of the BC was 85.44% and was significantly higher in females than in males. Most of the canals and grooves were bilateral. The mean canal length was 17.67 mm, the mean transverse diameter 1.33 mm, and the mean distance from the superior orbital fissure (dFOS) was 26.7 mm. In the skull bases, the BC incidence was 70.07%, the mean canal length 10.74 mm, and the mean dFOS was 19.16 mm. The groove for the MMA on the temporal and sphenoidal bones was present in 99.42% and 95.35%, respectively. Histological specimens confirmed the presence of the MMA and accompanying vein/s. Conclusions: Based on our results, we suggest the addition of the BC and grooves for the middle meningeal vessels to the upcoming version of the Terminologia Anatomica

Tendencias estacionales de la precipitación en la cuenca del Ebro 1951-2000

We have analyzed seasonal and annual precipitation trend in the Ebro catchment (NE Spain) during the second half of XXth (1951 2000). Data analyzed come from monthly precipitation data base of Mediterranean Spain (MOPREDAMES). The total amount of rainfall series is 424 and the mean value of spatial density is 1 observatory per 200 km2; data base include information in altitude until 1250 m osI. The results allow us to suggest that in the Ebro catchment&nbsp;during the second half of the XXth century annual precipitation has slight decreased in 3/4 of total stations. At seasonal scale the most generalized decreasing of precipitation is found during summer (44% of total stations). Significant decreasing affects 1/3 of total stations in winter, spring and fall. Spatial differences can be described. In winter precipitation shows a generalized negative trend but mainly not significant. During spring and summer we have detected slight increment in the upper catchment area, while left margin of the Ebro catchment has been under negative and significant trend. A clear difference exits from N to S during autumn, with positive and negative trend respectively.Hemos analizado las tendencias de la precipitaci&oacute;n anual y estacional de la cuenca del Ebro durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX (1951-2000) con todos los observatorios procedentes de la base de datos de precipitaciones mensuales de la vertiente mediterr&aacute;nea espa&ntilde;ola (MOPREDAMES). El total de series analizadas es de 424, lo que supone una densidad promedio de 1 observatoriocada 200 km2, incluyendo informaci&oacute;n hasta 1250 m de altitud. Los resultados permiten sugerir que existe un ligero y generalizado descenso de los totales anuales de precipitaci&oacute;n que afecta a 3/4 del total de observatorios. Estacionalmente el verano es la estaci&oacute;n que muestra un descenso significativo m&aacute;s generalizado (44% de observatorios). En invierno, primavera y oto&ntilde;o el descenso afecta a 1/3 del total. Sin embargo en el espacio el comportamiento de cada estaci&oacute;n difiere. Durante el invierno el descenso es generalizado (aunqueno significativo), en primavera y verano se detectan ligeros incrementos de precipitaci&oacute;n en la cabecera de la cuenca, mientras en la margen izquierda se localiza un &aacute;rea donde predominan las p&eacute;rdidas con car&aacute;cter significativo. El oto&ntilde;o permite establecer una clara distinci&oacute;n entre la margen izquierda, con tendencia positiva, y la margen derecha, con tendencia negativa

The event generator DECAY4 for simulation of double beta processes and decay of radioactive nuclei

The computer code DECAY4 is developed to generate initial energy, time and angular distributions of particles emitted in radioactive decays of nuclides and nuclear (atomic) deexcitations. Data for description of nuclear and atomic decay schemes are taken from the ENSDF and EADL database libraries. The examples of use of the DECAY4 code in several underground experiments are described.Comment: 8 pages, 1 fi