QUENCH FRONT PROPAGATION IN THE ANNULAR CHANNEL

Understanding the quench front propagation during bottom core reflooding is crucial for the effective cooling during the LOCA accident. The results presented in this paper were obtained on an experimental loop with an annular test section. The test section consists of a vertical electrically heated stainless steel tube with outer diameter 9 mm and length of 1.7 m. The heated tube is placed inside a glass tube with the inner diameter 14.5 mm. Water mass flux during the reflooding is in the range from 100 kg.m−2.s−1 up to 140 kg.m−2.s−1 and the initial wall temperature of the stainless steel tube is in the range from 250 °C up to 800 °C. The presented results show the influence of the initial conditions on the quench front propagation and the complexity of the phenomenon

QUENCH FRONT PROPAGATION IN THE ANNULAR CHANNEL

Understanding the quench front propagation during bottom core reflooding is crucial for the effective cooling during the LOCA accident. The results presented in this paper were obtained on an experimental loop with an annular test section. The test section consists of a vertical electrically heated stainless steel tube with outer diameter 9 mm and length of 1.7 m. The heated tube is placed inside a glass tube with the inner diameter 14.5 mm. Water mass flux during the reflooding is in the range from 100 kg.m−2.s−1 up to 140 kg.m−2.s−1 and the initial wall temperature of the stainless steel tube is in the range from 250 °C up to 800 °C. The presented results show the influence of the initial conditions on the quench front propagation and the complexity of the phenomenon

HAMMER-ATHLETE RELATIONSHIP DURING THE HAMMER THROW

The present study analysed the movements of the athlete-hammer system in space, including phenomena that affect the functional course of the implement's circumferential velocity. The path of the spatial trajectory of the hammer head and pertinent anthropometric points were evaluated from the viewpoint of individual turns, the double and single support phase, and the delivery. For each throw the tangential and normal acceleration components and the forces acting on the implement were studied. It was determined that the positive factors, causing an increase in the velocity of the hammer head, included: 1. Vigorous leg action, with the feet continuously turning in a uninterrupted manner and never held in a static double-support position. 2. The gradual temporal shortenting of the single-support phase to make the single and double support phases of the last two turns of equal length. 3. The rotating of the trunk ahead of the pelvis, with a shift of the center of the shoulder connecting line toward the right hip-joint. 4. The turning of the shoulder axis ahead of the hammer-wire axis. 5. The vertical lifting of the hip-joints against the direction of the vertical motion of the grip and hammer head. 6. An obtuse angle, greater than 110 degrees, between the shoulder and hammer-wire axis, with the highest possible position of the implement ranging from 1.60 to 2.00 meters at the start of the delivery phase

East Asian summer precipitation in AWI‐CM3: Comparison with observations and CMIP6 models

Owing to the complicated spatial–temporal characteristics of East Asian precipitation (EAP), climate models have limited skills in simulating the modern Asian climate. This consequently leads to large uncertainties in simulations of the past EAP variation and future projections. Here, we explore the performance of the newly developed Alfred Wegener Institute Climate Model,version 3 (AWI-CM3) in simulating the climatological summer EAP. To test whether the model's skill depends on its atmosphere resolution, we design two AWI-CM3 simulations with different horizontal resolutions. The result shows that both simulations have acceptable performance in simulating the summer mean EAP, generally better than the majority of individual models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). However, for the monthly EAP from June to August, AWI-CM3 exhibits a decayed skill, which is due to the subseasonal movement of the western Pacific subtropical high bias. The higher-resolution AWI-CM3 simulation shows an overall improvement relative to the one performed at a relatively lower resolution in all aspects taken into account regarding the EAP. We conclude that AWI-CM3 is a suitable tool for exploring the EAP for the observational period. Having verified the model's skill for modern climate, we suggest employing the AWI-CM3, especially with high atmosphere resolution, both for applications in paleoclimate studies and future projections

Terrestrial Cardiovascular Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Screening, Treatment and Risk Mitigation - Lessons Learned from Space Medicine

The Bellagio II Summit sought to correlate current ISS (International Space Station) Space Medicine practice in the screening/assessment and management of CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) and to identify terrestrial applications for the general population pertaining to primary, secondary and tertiary diagnoses and treatments. We identified current Space Medicine practice for screening and monitoring cosmonaut and astronaut in the pre-, in-, and post-flight mission phases. We will discuss current Space Medicine standards and guidelines in the recognition and monitoring of CAD development, stabilization, and regression

Toll-like receptor signaling in thymic epithelium controls monocyte-derived dendritic cell recruitment and Treg generation

The development of thymic regulatory T cells (Treg) is mediated by Aire-regulated self-antigen presentation on medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and dendritic cells (DCs), but the cooperation between these cells is still poorly understood. Here we show that signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLR) expressed on mTECs regulates the production of specific chemokines and other genes associated with post-Aire mTEC development. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identify a new thymic CD14(+)Sirp alpha (+) population of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (CD14(+)moDC) that are enriched in the thymic medulla and effectively acquire mTEC-derived antigens in response to the above chemokines. Consistently, the cellularity of CD14(+)moDC is diminished in mice with MyD88-deficient TECs, in which the frequency and functionality of thymic CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs are decreased, leading to aggravated mouse experimental colitis. Thus, our findings describe a TLR-dependent function of mTECs for the recruitment of CD14(+)moDC, the generation of Tregs, and thereby the establishment of central tolerance. Immune tolerance is mediated by the deletion of autoreactive T cells via medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) and dendritic cells (DC), and by the induction of regulatory T cells (Treg). Here the authors show that mTEC receiving toll-like receptor signaling control the recruitment of CD14(+)Sirp alpha (+) DC population that is capable of inducing Treg for establishing tolerance

Recent summer warming over the western Mediterranean region is unprecedented since medieval times

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Contextualising anthropogenic warming and investigating linkages between past climate variability and human history require high-resolution temperature reconstructions that extend before the period of instrumental measurements. Here, we present maximum latewood density (MXD) measurements of 534 living and relict Pinus uncinata trees from undisturbed upper treeline ecotones in the Spanish central Pyrenees. Spanning the period 1119–2020 CE continuously, our new MXD composite chronology correlates significantly with gridded May–September mean temperatures over the western Mediterranean region (r = 0.76; p ≤ 0.001; 1950–2020 CE). Based on an integrative ensemble approach, our reconstruction reveals unprecedented summer warming since 2003 CE. The coldest and warmest reconstructed temperature anomalies are −3.4 (±1.4) °C in 1258 and 2.6 (±2.2) °C in 2017 (relative to 1961–90). Abrupt summer cooling of −1.5 (±1.0) °C was found after 20 large volcanic eruptions since medieval times. Comparison of our summer temperature reconstruction with newly compiled historical evidence from the Iberian Peninsula suggests a lack of military conflict during or following exceptionally hot or cold summers, as well as a general tendency towards less warfare and more stable wheat prices during warmer periods. Our study demonstrates the importance of updating and refining annually resolved and absolutely dated climate reconstructions to place recent trends and extremes of anthropogenic warming in a long-term context of natural temperature variability, and to better understand how past climate and environmental changes affected ecological and societal systems.The National Park “Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici” provided sampling permissions, and Meteo France temperature measurements from Pic du Midi. U.B. and J.E. were supported by the Czech Science Foundation grant HYDRO8 (23-08049S), and the ERC Advanced grant MONOSTAR (AdG 882727).Peer reviewe

Kiri tundmatule

Stepanek, Jan Nepomuk, 1783-1844, tšehhi dramaturg ja teatrijuh

Contributions to the genus Taraxacum (Asteraceae) five new species records for the flora of Turkey

Five Taraxacum species are recorded for the first time for the flora of Turkey: T. caudatuliforme (sect. Taraxacum), T. erythrospermum (sect. Erythrosperma), T. fascinans (sect. Palustria), T. oblongatum (sect. Taraxacum) and T. darbandense (sect. Erythrocarpa). Descriptions, distributions in Turkey and photographs are provided. Chromosome numbers were counted, and for T. erythrospermum (2n=16), T. oblongatum (2n=24) and T. caudatuliforme (2n=24), the latter is reported for the first time