PATHOGEN-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS

Infections are often caused by pathobionts, endogenous bacteria that belong to the microbiota. Trauma and surgical intervention can allow bacteria to overcome host defences, ultimately leading to sepsis if left untreated. One of the main defence strategies of the immune system is the production of highly specific antibodies. In the present proof-of-concept study, plasma antibodies against 9 major pathogens were measured in sepsis patients, as an example of severe systemic infections. The binding of plasma antibodies to bacterial extracellular proteins was quantified using a semi-automated immunoblot assay. Comparison of the pathogen-specific antibody levels before and after infection showed an increase in plasma IgG in 20 out of 37 tested patients. This host-directed approach extended the results of pathogen-oriented microbiological and PCR diagnostics: a specific antibody response to additional bacteria was frequently observed, indicating unrecognised poly-microbial invasion. This might explain some cases of failed, seemingly targeted antibiotic treatment

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Regiment und Ordnung, wie zur Zeit der Pestilentz unnd anderen gifftigen Fieber-Seuchen, der gemeine Burger und Landmann sich mit geringen Artzney-Mittlen ohne Kosten beschützen kenne : auch in und nach der Cur sich zu verhalten habe

zusammengetragen durch Johann Conrad Stentze

Reduced immunoglobulin (Ig) G response to Staphylococcus aureus in STAT3 Hyper-IgE Syndrome

STAT3 hyper-IgE syndrome (STAT3-HIES) patients presented with significantly lower Staphylococcus aureus-specific serum IgG compared to cystic fibrosis patients despite recurrent S. aureus infections. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy increased S. aureus-specific IgG in STAT3-HIES patients and attenuated the clinical course of disease suggesting a role of humoral immunity in S. aureus clearance

The End Method: Normalization

Normalization is a technique traditionally used within the context of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) based on the idea that the different ways psychopathological or environmental events are viewed and appraised by an individual can differently modulate emotions, behaviours, and underlying psychobiological responses. Normalizing interventions are increasingly used in severe mental diseases (SMDs) including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder and can have a relevant role in achieving adequate clinical outcomes. In the present chapter, an overview on normalization approaches, on their potential clinical use in SMDs, and on related concepts (e.g. psychoeducation, mental health stigmatization, stress-related psychiatric symptoms, decatastrophization, treatment adherence) is provided