Cholinesterase sensors based on thick-film graphite electrodes for the flow-injection determination of organophosphorus pesticides

Flow cholinesterase sensors based on planar thick-film graphite electrodes and immobilized preparations of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase with various activities were developed. Analytical parameters of the determination of organophosphorus pesticides depend on hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions at the membrane-solution interface. When passing from the steady-state to flow-injection conditions of signal measurements, the limits of detection of coumaphos and chlorpyrifos-methyl decrease by a factor of 5-8, while the limit of detection of hydrophilic trichlorfon increases by a factor of 3-4. The cholinesterase sensors developed in his work can measure the concentrations of pesticides in a continuous mode for 8-12 h with the throughput of up to 5-6 measurements per hour

Особенности тестирования мутаций BRCA1 / 2 у больных распространенным HER2-негативным раком молочной железы в Российской Федерации (результаты опроса онкологов России)

Hereditary BRCA1 / 2 mutations affect the strategy of surgical treatment in early cancer and systemic treatment in advanced HER2-negative breast cancer. The article presents the results of a survey of Russian oncologists on various aspects of genetic testing for hereditary BRCA1 / 2 mutations in real-world clinical practice. Indications for testing, testing methods, and funding sources were discussed.Наличие у пациентов наследственных мутаций в генах BRCA1 / 2 влияет на тактику хирургического лечения при раннем раке и лекарственного лечения при распространенном HER2-негативном раке молочной железы. В статье представлены результаты опроса российских онкологов, посвященного различным аспектам генетического тестирования на наследственные мутации в генах BRCA1/ 2 в реальной клинической практике. Обсуждены вопросы показаний к тестированию, методы тестирования, источники финансирования

QUALITY OF LIFE EVALUATION IN RECIPIENTS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

Quality of life analysis of kidney graft recipients includes complex assessment of physical, psychological and social status and also certain laboratory and clinical studies. However we suppose that significance of the study might increase considerably if it would be multicenter. The objective of the present publication is to organize such a multicenter study. Obviously, quality of life of recipients with functioning transplanted kidney is undoubtedly of scientific interest and needs further extended studies that might contribute to better interpretation of long-term results after kidney transplantation

Markers of early cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy depending on blood pressure level

Objective. To study the possibility of the 2D Speckle Tracking Imaging in early detection of cardiotoxicity in patients with triple negative breast cancer and arterial hypertension (AH) during anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. Materials and methods. 70 women (mean age 48.6±13.3 years) with triple negative breast cancer were enrolled. All patients underwent chemotherapy, including anthracycline, taxan, platinum-based agent. Echocardiography, including 2D Speckle Tracking Imaging, was performed on Vivid-E 9 ultrasound machine before and after 8 weeks of chemotherapy. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (the biplane Simpson`s method) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) (mean normal GLS of -22.1±1.8 for women) were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 - with AH (n=18) and group 2 - with normal blood pressure (n=52). Results. Before chemotherapy in group 1 GLS was lower than normal value (-19.1±2.8% vs -22.1±1.8%; p0.05). After chemotherapy in all patients GLS decrease was observed from -20.0±2.8% to -18.5±2.9% (

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ РЕЦИПИЕНТОВ ПОСЛЕ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ ПОЧКИ

Quality of life analysis of kidney graft recipients includes complex assessment of physical, psychological and social status and also certain laboratory and clinical studies. However we suppose that significance of the study might increase considerably if it would be multicenter. The objective of the present publication is to organize such a multicenter study. Obviously, quality of life of recipients with functioning transplanted kidney is undoubtedly of scientific interest and needs further extended studies that might contribute to better interpretation of long-term results after kidney transplantation. Анализ качества жизни реципиентов почечных трансплантатов предполагает комплексную оценку физи- ческого, психологического и социального статуса. Он также включает ряд лабораторно-клинических по- казателей. Однако мы полагаем, что достоверность исследования могла бы существенно возрасти, если бы оно носило многоцентровой характер. Целью настоящей публикации является организация такого многоцентрового исследования. Очевидно, что изучение качества жизни реципиентов с функционирую- щей трансплантированной почкой представляет несомненный научный интерес и требует в дальнейшем расширения исследований, что способствовало бы лучшей интерпретации результатов, характерных для отдаленного периода после трансплантации почки.

Роль неоадъювантного подхода в лечении первично операбельного HER2-позитивного рака молочной железы

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy is an essential component of the comprehensive treatment of primary operable HER2‑positive breast cancer. Therefore, it is extremely important to search for treatment efficacy predictors and optimal system for assessing tumor response to treatment. The study analyzed factors predicting pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with luminal and non‑luminal HER2‑positive tumor subtypes. The morphological assessment of the tumor response to treatment was carried out using the RCB system; additional characteristics of the residual tumor were studied as well. It was shown that a comprehensive assessment involving the use of the RCB system and determination of the Ki ‑ 67 level helps to divide patients into prognostic groups and individualize the adjuvant therapy plan.Неоадъювантная системная терапия является важной составляющей комплексного лечения первично операбельного HER2-позитивного рака молочной железы (РМЖ). В связи с этим чрезвычайно важным представляется поиск факторов, предсказывающих эффективность лечения, а также оптимальной системы оценки ответа опухоли. В исследовании проведен анализ факторов, предсказывающих достижение полной патоморфологической регрессии (пПР) при люминальном и нелюминальном HER2-позитивных подтипах. Морфологическая оценка ответа опухоли на лечение проводилась по системе RCB, также изучены дополнительные характеристики резидуальной опухоли. Показано, что комплексная оценка, включающая систему RCB и уровень Ki67, позволяет разделить больных на прогностические группы и индивидуализировать тактику адъювантной терапии

Influence of the Water Content on the Diffusion Coefficients of Li⁺ and Water across Naphthalenic Based Copolyimide Cation-Exchange Membranes

The transport of lithium ions in cation-exchange membranes based on sulfonated copolyimide membranes is reported. Diffusion coefficients of lithium are estimated as a function of the water content in membranes by using pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR and electrical conductivity techniques. It is found that the lithium transport slightly decreases with the diminution of water for membranes with water content lying in the range 14 < λ < 26.5, where λ is the number of molecules of water per fixed sulfonate group. For λ < 14, the value of the diffusion coefficient of lithium experiences a sharp decay with the reduction of water in the membranes. The dependence of the diffusion of lithium on the humidity of the membranes calculated from conductivity data using Nernst–Planck type equations follows a trend similar to that observed by NMR. The possible explanation of the fact that the Haven ratio is higher than the unit is discussed. The diffusion of water estimated by 1H PFG-NMR in membranes neutralized with lithium decreases as λ decreases, but the drop is sharper in the region where the decrease of the diffusion of protons of water also undergoes considerable reduction. The diffusion of lithium ions computed by full molecular dynamics is similar to that estimated by NMR. However, for membranes with medium and low concentration of water, steady state conditions are not reached in the computations and the diffusion coefficients obtained by MD simulation techniques are overestimated. The curves depicting the variation of the diffusion coefficient of water estimated by NMR and full dynamics follow parallel trends, though the values of the diffusion coefficient in the latter case are somewhat higher. The WAXS diffractograms of fully hydrated membranes exhibit the ionomer peak at q = 2.8 nm⁻1, the peak being shifted to higher q as the water content of the membranes decreases. The diffractograms present additional peaks at higher q, common to wet and dry membranes, but the peaks are better resolved in the wet membranes. The ionomer peak is not detected in the diffractograms of dry membranes.The authors acknowledge financial support provided by the DGICYT (Dirección General de Investigación Cientifíca y Tecnológica) through Grant MAT2011-29174-C02-02

Cholera: Trends in the Development of the Epidemic Process in 2021, Forecast for 2022

The aim of the work was to summarize the results of cholera monitoring in 2021, to assess current trends in the development of the epidemic process, and to predict the epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation for 2022. It was established that within the period of 2012–2021, 4117264 cases of cholera with the spread of infection across 83 countries on all continents were registered in the world and there was a downward trend in the incidence in Asia and Africa. The dynamics of monthly morbidity in 2021 was associated with emergencies as factors of epidemiological risk. Epidemics and outbreaks of cholera were documented against the background of COVID-19 pandemic and laid a double burden on healthcare systems. At the same time, based on the overview of the results of cholera monitoring in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it was shown that the forecast of epidemic well-being given for 2021 was fully justified. It has been determined that the increase in the number of non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 (67) isolated from water bodies compared to 2020 (25) is mainly due to the appurtenance of a number of isolates to clonal complexes. The study of phylogenetic relation has demonstrated that the detection of strains with genotypes which were previously identified in the isolates evidences the persistence potential. The identification of strains with new genotypes, which were earlier established in the strains circulating in other territories, pointed at the possibility of the occasional importations. The forecast of the epidemiological situation on cholera in Russia for 2022 is associated with the continuous existence of risks of introduction. If these epidemiological risks are not realized, a favorable epidemiological situation is predicted regarding this infection in the country. It is expected that the detection of epidemiologically insignificant strains of V. cholerae O1 in environmental water bodies, along with their clones and/or clonal complexes, will remain, including strains that may be an etiological factor in sporadic cases or outbreaks of disease