Academic Publications on Ecology and Environment in Western China - Qualitative Discourse Analysis Data Set

This data set is the result and basis of a qualitative discourse analysis on the knowledge productions and role of academia in development processes in Western China. A research article on basis of this data was published in a special issue of ›Geographica Helvetica‹ under the title ›Wissenschaftliche Expertise und die (Re)Produktion gesellschaftlicher Verhältnisse – Eine argumentationstheoretische Analyse von Diskursen der Ökologie- und Umweltforschung im westlichen China‹ (in German, abstract available in English) (Geogr. Helv., 72, 1–12, 2017, doi:10.5194/gh-72-1-2017)

Auf neuen Wegen des Aufstands? Zum Anarchismus in der zeitgenössischen Geographie – eine Sammelrezension

Es wird hier die 'Anarchism, Geography and The Spirit of Revolt' Triologie besprochen und deren Beitrag zur Anarchistischen Geographie diskutiert. Dabei werden vor allem die Tendenzen kritisiert, die dazu beitragen anarchistische Ansätze in der Geographie als hegemoniales Projekt zu positionieren. Ist ein solches Unterfangen wirklich ein neuer Spirit of Revolt? Ob und wie eine anarchistische Haltung an der Universität im Allgemeinen und der Geographie im Speziellen konsequent vertreten werden kann, bleibt mehr als fraglich. rezensierte Bände: 1. Simon Springer/Marcelo Lopes de Souza/Richard J. White (Hg.): The Radicalization of Pedagogy. Anarchism, Geography and The Spirit of Revolt. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016. 2. Marcelo Lopes de Souza/Richard J. White/Simon Springer (Hg.): Theories of Resistance. Anarchism, Geography and The Spirit of Revolt. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016. 3. Richard J. White/Simon Springer/Marcelo Lopes de Souza (Hg.): The Practice of Freedom. Anarchism, Geography and The Spirit of Revolt. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016

Cycling Diaries: Moving Towards an Anarchist Field Trip Pedagogy

In this chapter we explore the pedagogical effects of collective movement on bicycles grounded in our direct experiences, personal reflections, group discussions and the notes we took during a trans-European, self-organized educational activity called Cycling Alternatives in 2013 and 2014. We thereby engage with non-representational and post-foundational anarchist thinking and geography field trip didactics while arguing that we were practicing machinic field trips that operated as collective unlearning experiences. Thus we were gauging dominant scripts in-between us and encouraging each other to embrace the potentials of collective action. We thereby quasi-naturally experimented with anarchist principles, like consensus decision making, and were moving towards emerging socialities. In short, our cycling machine ‘taught’ us anarchy without teaching it, a pedagogy that did not know how to teach. Not least, we hope our experiences inspire others to embrace radical pedagogies within the disciplining matrix of geography and beyond

Pathogenic and enzyme activities of the entomopathogenic fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Tolypocladium cylindrosporum is an entomopathogenic fungi that has been studied as a biological control agent against insects of several orders. The fungus has been isolated from the soil as well as from insects of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera. In this study, we analyzed the ability of a strain of T. cylindrosporum, isolated from soil samples taken in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, to produce hydrolytic enzymes, and to study the relationship of those activities to the fungus pathogenicity against pest aphids. We have made the traditional and molecular characterization of this strain of T. cylindrosporum. The expression of hydrolase activity in the fungal strain was estimated at three incubation temperatures (4ºC, 12ºC and 24ºC), on different agar media supplemented with the following specific substrates: chitin azure, Tween® 20, casein, and urea for chitinase, lipase, protease, and urease activity, respectively. The hydrolytic-enzyme activity was estimated qualitatively according to the presence of a halo of clarification through hydrolase action, besides was expressed semi-quantitatively as the ratio between the hydrolytic-halo and colony diameters. The pathogenicity of the fungus was tested on adults of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi at three temperatures of incubation (4ºC, 12ºC and 24ºC). The suspension was adjusted to a concentration of 1x107 conidia/ml. In pathogenicity assays at seven days post-inoculation, the fungus caused the mortality of adults of Ropalosiphum padi at different temperatures also showed a broad ability to grow on several agar-culture media, supplemented with different carbon sources at the three incubation temperatures tested. Although, the growth was greater with higher incubation temperatures (with maximum levels at 24°C), the fungus reached similar colony diameters after 15 days of incubation on the medium supplemented with Tween® 20 at the lower two incubation temperatures of 4°C or 12°C. In accordance with the results on colony diameters, the fungus revealed an ability to degrade casein, chitin derivatives, Tween® 20, and urea as evidenced by the appearance of a halo around the fungal colony. Because of its origin and temperature tolerance, this Argentine strain has great potential for use as a biocontrol agent for insect pest control in cold and temperate environments.Fil: Scorsetti, Ana Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini; ArgentinaFil: Eliades, Lorena Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini; ArgentinaFil: Stenglein, Sebastian Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnolológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Cabello, Marta Noemí. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini; ArgentinaFil: Pelizza, Sebastian Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini; ArgentinaFil: Saparrat, Mario Carlos Nazareno. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; Argentin

Subjektivierungsforschung quo vadis? Auf holprigen Wegen zwischen Kollektiv und Individuum

Tagungsbericht zu: Jenseits der Person. Die Subjektivierung kollektiver Subjekte, 06.-08. April 2016 in Leipzig

Characterization of small-spored Alternaria from Argentinean crops through a polyphasic approach

Small-spored Alternaria have been isolated from a wide variety of food crops, causing both economic losses and human health risk due to the metabolites produced. Their taxonomy has been discussed widely, but no scientific consensus has been established in this field to date. Argentina is a major exporter of agricultural products, so it is essential to thoroughly understand the physiological behaviour of this pathogen in a food safety context. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize small-spored Alternaria spp. obtained from tomato fruits, pepper fruits, wheat grains and blueberries from Argentina by a polyphasic approach involving metabolomic and phylogenetic analyses based on molecular and morphological characters. Morphological analysis divided the population studied into three groups; A. arborescens sp.-grp., A. tenuissima sp.-grp., and A. alternata sp.-grp. However, when these characters were simultaneously analysed with molecular data, no clearly separated groups were obtained. Haplotype network and phylogenetic analysis (both Bayesian and maximum parsimony) of a conserved region yielded the same result, suggesting that all isolates belong to the same species. Furthermore, no correlation could be established between morphological species-groups and a metabolite or group of metabolites synthesized. Thus, the whole set of analyses carried out in the present work supports the hypothesis that these small-spored Alternaria isolates from food belong to the same species. Identification at species level through classical morphology or modern molecular techniques does not seem to be a useful tool to predict toxicological risk in food matrices. The detection of any small-spored Alternaria from Section Alternaria (D.P. Lawr., Gannibal, Peever & B.M. Pryor 2013) in food implies a potential toxicological risk.Fil: Da Cruz Cabral, Lucía Mariana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Orgánica; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguero, Marcela Silvina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Stenglein, Sebastian Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Nielsen, Kristian Fog. Technical University of Denmark; DinamarcaFil: Patriarca, Andrea Rosana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentin

Xenosurveillance reflects traditional sampling techniques for the identification of human pathogens: A comparative study in West Africa

BACKGROUND: Novel surveillance strategies are needed to detect the rapid and continuous emergence of infectious disease agents. Ideally, new sampling strategies should be simple to implement, technologically uncomplicated, and applicable to areas where emergence events are known to occur. To this end, xenosurveillance is a technique that makes use of blood collected by hematophagous arthropods to monitor and identify vertebrate pathogens. Mosquitoes are largely ubiquitous animals that often exist in sizable populations. As well, many domestic or peridomestic species of mosquitoes will preferentially take blood-meals from humans, making them a unique and largely untapped reservoir to collect human blood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We sought to take advantage of this phenomenon by systematically collecting blood-fed mosquitoes during a field trail in Northern Liberia to determine whether pathogen sequences from blood engorged mosquitoes accurately mirror those obtained directly from humans. Specifically, blood was collected from humans via finger-stick and by aspirating bloodfed mosquitoes from the inside of houses. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of RNA and DNA derived from these specimens was performed to detect pathogen sequences. Samples obtained from xenosurveillance and from finger-stick blood collection produced a similar number and quality of reads aligning to two human viruses, GB virus C and hepatitis B virus. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study represents the first systematic comparison between xenosurveillance and more traditional sampling methodologies, while also demonstrating the viability of xenosurveillance as a tool to sample human blood for circulating pathogens

Respuesta del Trigo (triticum spp.) y la Cebada (hordeo vulgare) a Fusarium poae

Fusarium head blight is an important disease attacking wheat (Triticum spp.), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and other grains worldwide. Among the Fusarium species causing this disease, Fusarium poae is less often implicated, but is a fungus of increasingly recognized importance and it is associated with human and animal toxicoses. The aim of this study was to examine the responses of wheat and barley varieties to inoculation by different F. poae isolates, in order to observe contamination by this fungus in the grains. The analyses were performed during 2008, 2009, and 2010 under natural conditions at the Facultad de Agronomía de Azul-UNCPBA, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Statistical analyses were carried out and the identities of re-isolated isolates were tested by a primer-specific PCR reaction and by comparing DNAISSR amplifications. Differences among varieties in fungal symptoms were significant (p£0.05) only in 2008. Although the number of re-isolated isolates in wheat was greater than the number of samples with observable symptoms, no significant correlations were found. However, there were correlations in barley and the linear regression analyses allow suggesting that for each grain with visual symptoms, two barley grains could contain the fungus. Thus it can be concluded that the real number of grains contaminated with F. poae is significantly higher than the number with observable disease symptoms, and therefore the real extent of contamination with F. poae is currently underestimated and should be considered for food risk analysis in the near future.La fusariosis de la espiga es una enfermedad importante que ataca al trigo (Triticum spp.), la cebada (Hordeum vulgare) y otros granos en el mundo. Entre las especies de Fusarium que causan esta enfermedad, Fusarium poae es una de las menos frecuentes, pero es un hongo cuya importancia es cada vez más reconocida y se le asocia con la toxicosis en humanos y animales. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar las respuestas de las variedades de trigo y cebada a la inoculación de diferentes aislamientos de F. poae, a fin de observar la contaminación producida por este hongo en los granos. Los aná- lisis se realizaron durante 2008, 2009 y 2010 en condiciones naturales, en la Facultad de Agronomía de Azul-UNCPBA, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se hicieron análisis estadísticos, y las identidades de los aislamientos re-aislados se probaron con reacciones de iniciadores específicos PCR y por comparación de amplificaciones de ADN-ISSR. Las diferencias entre variedades en los síntomas del hongo fueron significativas (p£0.05) sólo en 2008. Aunque el número de aislamientos re-aislados en trigo fue mayor que el número de muestras con síntomas observables, las correlaciones no fueron significativas. Sin embargo, hubo correlaciones significativas en la cebada y los análisis de regresión lineal sugiriendo que por cada grano con síntomas visibles, dos granos de cebada podrían contener el hongo. Asi puede concluirse que el número de granos contaminados con F. poae es significativamente mayor que el de aquellos con síntomas observables de la enfermedad y, por tanto, el alcance real de la contaminación con F. poae es subestimado y se debiera considerar para el análisis de riesgos alimentarios en un futuro próximoFil: Stenglein, Sebastian Alberto. Facultad de Agronomía de Azul; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Dinolfo, María Inés. Facultad de Agronomía de Azul; ArgentinaFil: Bongiorno, Fabricio. Facultad de Agronomía de Azul; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Maria Virginia. Facultad de Agronomía de Azul; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Fusarium graminearum presence in wheat samples for human consumption

La fusariosis es una de las enfermedades más importantes de los cereales, Fusarium graminearum es su principal agente etiológico. Este hongo posee la capacidad de producir distintos tipos y niveles de toxinas, en especial deoxinivalenol (DON). En la campaña 2012-2013 se dieron condiciones ambientales predisponentes para el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la presencia del hongo y el contenido de DON en 50 muestras de trigo. Los resultados demostraron la presencia de Fusarium graminearum en el 80 % de las muestras analizadas. El 24 % de las muestras presentó valores de DON ≥ 1μg/g, el 26 % varió entre 0,5 y 0,99μg/g, mientras que el 50 % restante mostró valores inferiores a 0,5μg/g. Se observó correlación entre la presencia de Fusarium graminearum y de DON. Es necesario establecer valores límites de DON en granos de trigo destinados al consumo humano.One of the most important diseases in cereal crops is Fusarium head blight, being Fusarium graminearum the main etiological agent. This fungus has the ability to produce a wide spectrum and quantity of toxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON). During the last crop season (2012-2013) the climatic conditions favored Fusarium colonization. The objective of this work was to determine the presence of this fungus as well as the DON content in 50 wheat grain samples. Our results showed that 80% of the samples were contaminated with Fusarium graminearum. Twenty four percent (24%) of the samples contained ≥ 1μg/g DON, 26% ranged from 0,5 and 0,99μg/g, and the remaining 50% had values lower than 0,5μg/g. Correlation was found between the presence of Fusarium graminearum and DON. It is necessary to establish DON limit values in wheat grains for human consumption.Fil: Martínez, Mauro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnolológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Castañares, Eliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnolológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Dinolfo, María Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnolológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Pacheco, Walter Germán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnolológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Maria Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnolológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; Argentina. Facultad de Agronomía de Azul. Azul; ArgentinaFil: Stenglein, Sebastian Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnolológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; Argentina. Facultad de Agronomía de Azul. Azul; Argentin