The long-term antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 prime-boost vaccination in healthy individuals. The positive influence of extended between-dose intervals and heterologous schedule

IntroductionAnti-COVID vaccination in Argentina was carried out using different protocols and variations in periods between administrations, as well as combinations of different vaccine platforms. Considering the relevance of the antibody response in viral infections, we analyzed anti-S antibodies in healthy people at different points of time following the Sputnik immunization procedure.MethodsWe attended the vaccination centers in the city of Rosario, which had shorter versus longer intervals between both doses. A total of (1021) adults with no COVID-compatible symptoms (throughout the study period) were grouped according to the gap between both vaccine doses: 21 (Group A, n=528), 30 (Group B, n=147), and 70 days (Group C, n=82), as well as an additional group of individuals with heterologous vaccination (Sputnik/Moderna, separated by a 107-day interval, group D, n=264).Results and conclusionsWhile there were no between-group differences in baseline levels of specific antibodies, data collected several weeks after administering the second dose showed that group D had the highest amounts of specific antibodies, followed by values recorded in Groups C, B, and A. The same pattern of group differences was seen when measuring anti-S antibodies at 21 or 180 days after the first and second doses, respectively. Delayed between-dose intervals coexisted with higher antibody titers. This happened even more when using a prime-boost heterologous schedule

Carious measurement and pulps modifications in rats undergoing habitual and cariogenic diets treated with collagenase type II

El diente puede enfermar por caries, con destrucción de tejidos duros exponiéndolo a gérmenes, provocando inflamación y dolor, siendo factor de riesgo la dieta cariogénica. Nuestros objetivos fueron visualizar los componentes del órgano pulpodentinal en ratas, comparar métodos de medición de caries y observar modificaciones en pulpas sometidas a dieta cariogénica. Se utilizaron ratas endocriadas líneas “l” y “e” al destete, divididas en dos grupos (-G1 y -G2), alimentadas con balanceado rata-ratón. El -G2 fue suplementado con sacarosa 10% en agua de consumo ad líbitum y se sacrificaron secuencialmente. Con lupa, explorador y Rodamina se detectaron caries cavitadas e incipientes. Las mandíbulas fueron separadas quirúrgicamente, fijadas en formol 10%, desmineralizadas en ácido nítrico 8%, tratadas con colagenasa tipo II, incluidas, cortadas a 5 μm, coloreadas y examinadas con microscopio óptico a 100 y 450 aumentos. El infiltrado de zona basal se clasificó como ausente al no visualizarlo, parcial y total al ocupar 75% y 100% del perímetro pulpar. Las diferencias en las frecuencias de caries fueron analizadas con la prueba de chi-cuadrado y nivel de significación 5%. El órgano pulpodentinario permaneció unido, la proporción de caries incipientes fue mayor y la basal pasó de parcial a totalmente infiltrada en línea “e” -G2, lo que podría deberse a factores medio ambientales y a la dieta cariogénica.Tooth can get ill by carious, with destruction of hard tissues exposed to germs, causing inflammation and pain, being the cariogenic diet a risk factor. To visualize the pulpodentinal components complex in rats, to compare measurement carious teeth methods and observe pulps modifications undergoing cariogenic diets. Rats inbred “l” and “e” lines were investigated, separated in G1 and G2 groups, nourished with a balanced rat-mouse diet. -G2 was supplemented with sucrose 10% in water ad libitum and then sacrificed sequentially. With magnifier, explorer and rhodamine cavitated and emerging carious were detected. Jaws were surgically separated, fixed in formalin 10%, demineralized in 8% nitric acid, treated with collagenase Type II, included, cut 5 μm, colored and examined with light microscope 100-450 magnification. The basal area infiltration was considered absent when it was not visible, partial and total when they occupied 75% and 100% of pulp perimeter. Results were analyzed with Chi-square test and significance level 5%. Pulpodentinal complex remained joined, incipient carious proportion was higher and the basal was partial or fully infiltrated in line “e” -G2, what could be due to environmental factors and cariogenic diet.Sociedad de Ciencias Morfológicas de La Plat

Carious measurement and pulps modifications in rats undergoing habitual and cariogenic diets treated with collagenase type II

El diente puede enfermar por caries, con destrucción de tejidos duros exponiéndolo a gérmenes, provocando inflamación y dolor, siendo factor de riesgo la dieta cariogénica. Nuestros objetivos fueron visualizar los componentes del órgano pulpodentinal en ratas, comparar métodos de medición de caries y observar modificaciones en pulpas sometidas a dieta cariogénica. Se utilizaron ratas endocriadas líneas “l” y “e” al destete, divididas en dos grupos (-G1 y -G2), alimentadas con balanceado rata-ratón. El -G2 fue suplementado con sacarosa 10% en agua de consumo ad líbitum y se sacrificaron secuencialmente. Con lupa, explorador y Rodamina se detectaron caries cavitadas e incipientes. Las mandíbulas fueron separadas quirúrgicamente, fijadas en formol 10%, desmineralizadas en ácido nítrico 8%, tratadas con colagenasa tipo II, incluidas, cortadas a 5 μm, coloreadas y examinadas con microscopio óptico a 100 y 450 aumentos. El infiltrado de zona basal se clasificó como ausente al no visualizarlo, parcial y total al ocupar 75% y 100% del perímetro pulpar. Las diferencias en las frecuencias de caries fueron analizadas con la prueba de chi-cuadrado y nivel de significación 5%. El órgano pulpodentinario permaneció unido, la proporción de caries incipientes fue mayor y la basal pasó de parcial a totalmente infiltrada en línea “e” -G2, lo que podría deberse a factores medio ambientales y a la dieta cariogénica.Tooth can get ill by carious, with destruction of hard tissues exposed to germs, causing inflammation and pain, being the cariogenic diet a risk factor. To visualize the pulpodentinal components complex in rats, to compare measurement carious teeth methods and observe pulps modifications undergoing cariogenic diets. Rats inbred “l” and “e” lines were investigated, separated in G1 and G2 groups, nourished with a balanced rat-mouse diet. -G2 was supplemented with sucrose 10% in water ad libitum and then sacrificed sequentially. With magnifier, explorer and rhodamine cavitated and emerging carious were detected. Jaws were surgically separated, fixed in formalin 10%, demineralized in 8% nitric acid, treated with collagenase Type II, included, cut 5 μm, colored and examined with light microscope 100-450 magnification. The basal area infiltration was considered absent when it was not visible, partial and total when they occupied 75% and 100% of pulp perimeter. Results were analyzed with Chi-square test and significance level 5%. Pulpodentinal complex remained joined, incipient carious proportion was higher and the basal was partial or fully infiltrated in line “e” -G2, what could be due to environmental factors and cariogenic diet.Sociedad de Ciencias Morfológicas de La Plat

Carious measurement and pulps modifications in rats undergoing habitual and cariogenic diets treated with collagenase type II

El diente puede enfermar por caries, con destrucción de tejidos duros exponiéndolo a gérmenes, provocando inflamación y dolor, siendo factor de riesgo la dieta cariogénica. Nuestros objetivos fueron visualizar los componentes del órgano pulpodentinal en ratas, comparar métodos de medición de caries y observar modificaciones en pulpas sometidas a dieta cariogénica. Se utilizaron ratas endocriadas líneas “l” y “e” al destete, divididas en dos grupos (-G1 y -G2), alimentadas con balanceado rata-ratón. El -G2 fue suplementado con sacarosa 10% en agua de consumo ad líbitum y se sacrificaron secuencialmente. Con lupa, explorador y Rodamina se detectaron caries cavitadas e incipientes. Las mandíbulas fueron separadas quirúrgicamente, fijadas en formol 10%, desmineralizadas en ácido nítrico 8%, tratadas con colagenasa tipo II, incluidas, cortadas a 5 μm, coloreadas y examinadas con microscopio óptico a 100 y 450 aumentos. El infiltrado de zona basal se clasificó como ausente al no visualizarlo, parcial y total al ocupar 75% y 100% del perímetro pulpar. Las diferencias en las frecuencias de caries fueron analizadas con la prueba de chi-cuadrado y nivel de significación 5%. El órgano pulpodentinario permaneció unido, la proporción de caries incipientes fue mayor y la basal pasó de parcial a totalmente infiltrada en línea “e” -G2, lo que podría deberse a factores medio ambientales y a la dieta cariogénica.Tooth can get ill by carious, with destruction of hard tissues exposed to germs, causing inflammation and pain, being the cariogenic diet a risk factor. To visualize the pulpodentinal components complex in rats, to compare measurement carious teeth methods and observe pulps modifications undergoing cariogenic diets. Rats inbred “l” and “e” lines were investigated, separated in G1 and G2 groups, nourished with a balanced rat-mouse diet. -G2 was supplemented with sucrose 10% in water ad libitum and then sacrificed sequentially. With magnifier, explorer and rhodamine cavitated and emerging carious were detected. Jaws were surgically separated, fixed in formalin 10%, demineralized in 8% nitric acid, treated with collagenase Type II, included, cut 5 μm, colored and examined with light microscope 100-450 magnification. The basal area infiltration was considered absent when it was not visible, partial and total when they occupied 75% and 100% of pulp perimeter. Results were analyzed with Chi-square test and significance level 5%. Pulpodentinal complex remained joined, incipient carious proportion was higher and the basal was partial or fully infiltrated in line “e” -G2, what could be due to environmental factors and cariogenic diet.Sociedad de Ciencias Morfológicas de La Plat

Carious measurement and pulps modifications in rats undergoing habitual and cariogenic diets treated with collagenase type II

El diente puede enfermar por caries, con destrucción de tejidos duros exponiéndolo a gérmenes, provocando inflamación y dolor, siendo factor de riesgo la dieta cariogénica. Nuestros objetivos fueron visualizar unidos los componentes del órgano pulpodentinal en ratas, comparar métodos de medición de caries y observar modificaciones en pulpas sometidas a dieta cariogénica. Se utilizaron ratas endocriadas líneas “l” y “e” al destete, divididas en dos grupos (-G1 y -G2), alimentadas con balanceado rata-ratón. El -G2 fue suplementado con sacarosa 10% en agua de consumo ad líbitum y se sacrificaron secuencialmente. Con lupa, explorador y Rodamina se detectaron caries cavitadas e incipientes. Las mandíbulas fueron separadas quirúrgicamente, fijadas formol 10%, desmineralizadas en ácido nítrico 8%, tratadas con colagenasa tipo II, incluidas, cortadas a 5m, coloreadas y examinadas con microscopio de luz a 100 y 450 aumentos. El infiltrado de zona basal se clasificó como ausente al no visualizarlo, parcial y total al ocupar 75% y 100% del perímetro pulpar. Las diferencias en las frecuencias de caries fueron analizadas con la prueba de chi-cuadrado y nivel de significación 5%. El órgano pulpodentinario permaneció unido, la proporción de caries incipientes fue mayor y la basal pasó de parcial a totalmente infiltrada en línea “e” -G2, lo que podría deberse a factores medio ambientales y dieta cariogénica. Palabras claves: Caries, colagenasa, dieta cariogénica, pulpa dental.Tooth can get ill by carious, with destruction of hard tissues exposed to germs, causing inflammation and pain, being the cariogenic diet a risk factor. To visualize the pulpodentinal components complex in rats, to compare measurement carious teeth methods and observe pulps modifications undergoing cariogenic diets. Rats inbred 'l' and 'e' lines were investigated, separated in G1 and G2 groups, nourished with a balanced rat-mouse diet. -G2 was supplemented with sucrose 10% in water ad libitum and then sacrificed sequentially. With magnifier, explorer and rhodamine cavitated and emerging carious were detected. Jaws were surgically separated, fixed in formalin 10%, demineralized in 8% nitric acid, treated with collagenase Type II, included, cut 5µ, colored and examined with microscope light 100-450 magnification. The basal area infiltration was considered absent when it was not visible, partial and total when they occupied 75% and 100% of pulp perimeter. Results were analyzed with Chi-square test and significance level 5%. Pulpodentinal complex remained joined, incipient carious proportion was higher and the basal was partial or fully infiltrated in line 'e' -G2, what could be due to environmental factors and cariogenic diet. Keywords: carious, collagenase, cariogenic diet, dental pulp

Prevalencia del habito de fumar en jóvenes y sus padres: asociaciones relevantes con educacion y ocupación

Rosario, with a million inhabitants, is the second major urban concentration in Argentina and serves as the commercial and industrial center for a large area. In view of the lack of information on the present prevalence of smoking in this area as for the country as a whole, a study was performed on random samples of young people and university students of medicine and economics, as well as on their parents. Information was obtained on their life smoking habits, education and occupation. The prevalence of the habit was higher: a) in men, both in the youngsters and their parents; b) in medical students than in those of the economic sciences; c) in parents with university education. The smoking habit of these subjects and parents was highly associated (p < 0.001) in the sample of young people, although no association was found between the prevalence of smoking among university students and their parents. Peer smoking was the main factor influencing the onset of cigarette smoking given by 69% of the subjects. Knowledge of specific adverse health effects of smoking was poor. Attitudes toward restrictive measures were highly associated (p < 0.001) with the non-smoker category. Based on these findings, we conclude that while there is a need for educational programs for the population in general, the university as a whole and specifically the school of medicine should implement a program to increase knowledge and awareness on this public health problem.Con el objetivo de conocer la prevalencia del hábito de fumar cigarrillos en los jóvenes, se estudiaron muestras aleatorias de varones de 18 años y de estudiantes universitarios de medicina y de economía, los que respondieron un cuestionario referido al hábito, escolaridad y ocupación propias y de sus padres, así como sus opiniones y motivaciones. La prevalencia del hábito fue mayor en los varones en ambas generaciones, en los estudiantes de medicina que en los de economía, y en los padres con nivel universitario. Se encontró asociación entre el hábito de los jóvenes de la problación general con el de sus padres (pCom o objetivo de conhecer a prevalência de hábito de fumar cigarros entre os jovens, estudaram-se amostras aleatórias de homens de 18 anos e de estudantes universitários de medicina e de economia, que responderam um questionário sobre o hábito, escolaridade e ocupação, próprios e de seus pais. A prevalência do hábito de fumar foi maior nos homens de ambas as gerações, nos estudantes de medicina, que nos de economia, e nos pais com educação universitária. Achou-se associação entre o hábito dos jovens representativos da população geral (p < 0,001), mas não entre o dos progenitores e de seus filhos universitários. Visto a participação fundamental que os universitários, em especial os médicos, deveriam ter na comunidade, surge a necessidade de programas educativos, não só nas escolas mas também nas universidades

Study about skin cancer screening in comparison with breast and cervix cancer screening in a female sample from Concordia, Argentina.

Introduction. The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge, practices and attitudes regarding the screening of skin cancer, compared to the breast and cervix cancer. Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires was carried out among women in the city of Concordia, Entre Ríos. The sample consisted of 90 mothers or tutors from low (G1, n=32), middle (G2, n=29) and high (G3, n=29) socioeconomic status elementary schools students. Results. Mean age were 37,9±6,6, 38,0±6,9 and 43,1±5,6 years, respectively. The annual skin exam has been performed by dermatologist in 30.0% (G1), 30.8% (G2) and 51.7% (G3) of these women. The annual gynecological exam has been done by 46.4% (G1), 60.7% (G2) and 86.2% (G3).  The existence of the skin cancer prevention campaign was known in 35,7%, 16% and 10,7% in G1, G2 and G3 respectively, but only 3,7% of G2, 3,7% of G3 and no women in G1 had ever participated in a campaign. Major conclusion. These data indicate the need to achieve effective strategies that allow improving the adherence of women to prevention campaigns, especially those for skin cancer prevention, where there is less participation when compared with breast  and cervical cancer screening. </p

Metastatic breast cancer patients treated with low-dose metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and celecoxib: clinical outcomes and biomarkers of response

Background Preclinical results showing therapeutic effect and low toxicity of metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (Cy) + celecoxib (Cel) for mammary tumors encouraged its translation to the clinic for treating advanced breast cancer patients (ABCP). Patients and methods A single-arm, mono-institutional, non-randomized, phase II, two-step clinical trial (approved by Bioethics Committee and Argentine Regulatory Authority) was designed. Patients received Cy (50 mg po.d) + Cel (200 mg p.o.bid). Patient eligibility criteria included: ABCP who progressed to anthracyclines, taxanes and capecitabine, ≤4 chemotherapy schemes, with good performance status. Several pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules and cells were determined as biomarkers. Informed consent was signed by all patients. Primary endpoint was clinical benefit (CB). Results Twenty patients were enrolled. Main clinical outcomes were prolonged disease stabilization and partial remission in 10/20 and 1/20 patients, respectively. CB was 55 %, and time to progression (TTP) was 21.1 weeks. Median TTP in patients who achieved CB was 35.6 weeks, and mean overall survival was 44.20 weeks. There were no grade 3/4 toxicities associated with treatment. Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) increased at the time of progression in patients who showed CB (P = 0.014). Baseline CECs and circulating endothelial progenitor cells showed marginal associations with TTP. Serum VEGF decreased (P = 0.050), sVEGFR-2 increased (P = 0.005) and VEGF/sVEGFR-2 ratio decreased during treatment (P = 0.041); baseline VEGF and VEGF/sVEGFR-2 were associated with TTP (P = 0.035 and P = 0.030, respectively), while sVEGFR-2 did not. Conclusions Treatment was effective, showing low toxicity profile and excellent tolerability. The combination had anti-angiogenic effect. Increased levels of CEC could be useful for detecting progression. Baseline VEGF and VEGF/sVEGFR-2 values could be useful as early predictors of response. Trial registration ANMAT#4596/09.Fil: Perroud, Herman A. Institute of Experimental Genetics. School of Medical Sciences. National University of Rosario; Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Alasino, Carlos María. Institute of Oncology of Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Rico, María José. Institute of Experimental Genetics. School of Medical Sciences. National University of Rosario; Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Mainetti, Leandro Ernesto. Institute of Experimental Genetics. School of Medical Sciences. National University of Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Queralt, Francisco. Institute of Oncology of Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Pezzotto, Stella Maris. Research Council of the National University of Rosario (CIUNR); ArgentinaFil: Rozados, Viviana R. Institute of Experimental Genetics. School of Medical Sciences. National University of Rosario; Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Scharovsky, O. Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Consejo de Investigaciones UNR, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentin