Lymphoproliferative malignancies in association with endemic African Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A CAJM study on Lymphoproliferative malignancies observed at a teaching hospital in South Africa among black Africans.The association of classical Kaposi’s sarcoma with lymphoproliferative disorders is well known. However, far less is known about lymphoproliferative malignancies in endemic African Kaposi’s sarcoma. A review of 47 patients with the endemic type of Kaposi’s sarcoma treated at the Johannesburg Teaching Hospital Complex between 1980 and 1992 revealed four patients (8,5 pc) in whom Kaposi’s sarcoma was associated with a malignant lymphoma. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are suggested and the current literature is reviewed

Research review: young people leaving care

This paper reviews the international research on young people leaving care. Set in the context of a social exclusion framework, it explores young people's accelerated and compressed transitions to adulthood, and discusses the development and classification of leaving care services in responding to their needs. It then considers the evidence from outcome studies and argues that adopting a resilience framework suggests that young people leaving care may fall into three groups: young people 'moving on', 'survivors' and 'victims'. In concluding, it argues that these three pathways are associated with the quality of care young people receive, their transitions from care and the support they receive after care

Lymphoproliferative disorders in non-AIDS associated Kaposi's sarcoma

The association of the non-AIDS-related, classic fonn of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) with secondary malignancies, especially Iymphoproliferative disorders, has frequently been noted. However, in endemic: African-type KS, such an association has been reported only rarely. A review of 62 non-AIDS-related cases of KS treated and followed up at Johannesburg General Hospital between 1980 and 1992 revealed 8 patients (13%)'in whom KS was associated with malignant Iymphoproliferative disorders. The prevalence of secondary Iymphoproliferative disorders was not significantly different among patients with classic KS (3/15; 20%) when compared with those who had African KS (4/47; 8%). In both forms of KS subtle disturbances of immunity have been described which may play a role in the pathogenesis of secondary Iymphoproliferative disorders, although the factors responsible and the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in malignant lymphoid transfonnation in these patients have not been fully elucidated

On derivation of Euler-Lagrange Equations for incompressible energy-minimizers

We prove that any distribution $q$ satisfying the equation $\nabla q=\div{\bf f}$ for some tensor ${\bf f}=(f^i_j), f^i_j\in h^r(U)$ ($1\leq r<\infty$) -the {\it local Hardy space}, $q$ is in $h^r$, and is locally represented by the sum of singular integrals of $f^i_j$ with Calder\'on-Zygmund kernel. As a consequence, we prove the existence and the local representation of the hydrostatic pressure $p$ (modulo constant) associated with incompressible elastic energy-minimizing deformation ${\bf u}$ satisfying $|\nabla {\bf u}|^2, |{\rm cof}\nabla{\bf u}|^2\in h^1$. We also derive the system of Euler-Lagrange equations for incompressible local minimizers ${\bf u}$ that are in the space $K^{1,3}_{\rm loc}$; partially resolving a long standing problem. For H\"older continuous pressure $p$, we obtain partial regularity of area-preserving minimizers.Comment: 23 page

Late Permian–Early Triassic environmental changes recorded by multi-isotope (Re-Os-N-Hg) data and trace metal distribution from the Hovea-3 section, Western Australia

The temporal coincidence between the Late Permian mass extinction (LPME) and the emplacement of Siberian Trap basalts suggests a causal link between the two events. Here, we discuss stratigraphic changes of organic and inorganic (including isotopic) geochemical properties of marine sediments across the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) in the Hovea-3 core, Western Australia, a key PTB section in the southern Neo-Tethys ocean. These data are compared with published data from the Meishan section, southern China, and from the Opal Creek section in western Canada, providing a view of Tethys and Panthalassa changes at the PTB. Trace metal and N-isotopic data, together with organic matter properties suggest that anoxic conditions were established prior to the LPME, intensified close to the LPME, and continued with photic-zone euxinia into the Early Triassic. For the Hovea-3 section, Re-Os ages confirm Changhsingian (253.5 ± 1.4 Ma) deposition of the dated interval sampled immediately below the stratigraphic level characterized by major lithological and isotopic changes. Evaluation of Re-Os, N, and Hg elemental and isotopic data for Hovea-3 suggests that anoxic conditions in the latest Permian were generally unrelated to direct magmatic contributions. A major increase in the initial Os isotopic ratio of Lower Triassic shales suggest an ~8× increase in the Early Triassic continental runoff, based on moderately conservative assumptions for end-members contributing Os to the Permian–Triassic ocean. Comparison to other PTB sections confirms a global signal of increasing Re/Os ratios in the Late Permian, and major and long-lived changes in the isotopic composition of the post-extinction ocean. A distinct peak in Hg concentrations carrying a volcanic isotopic signature, also identified in other PTB sections, likely represents a major pulse of Siberian Trap volcanism. This Hg peak in the Hovea-3 section, however, is detected above the stratigraphic level containing multiple other widely recognized and more permanent geochemical changes. Therefore, direct volcanic inputs to the Permian–Triassic Ocean likely post-date the LPME in this Western Australian section

Electrically tunable solid-state silicon nanopore ion filter

We show that a nanopore in a silicon membrane connected to a voltage source can be used as an electrically tunable ion filter. By applying a voltage between the heavily doped semiconductor and the electrolyte, it is possible to invert the ion population inside the nanopore and vary the conductance for both cations and anions in order to achieve selective conduction of ions even in the presence of significant surface charges in the membrane. Our model based on the solution of the Poisson equation and linear transport theory indicates that in narrow nanopores substantial gain can be achieved by controlling electrically the width of the charge double layer

Existence of Weak Solutions for a Diffuse Interface Model for Two-Phase Flows of Incompressible Fluids with Different Densities

We prove existence of weak solutions for a diffuse interface model for the flow of two viscous incompressible Newtonian fluids in a bounded domain in two and three space dimensions. In contrast to previous works, we study a new model recently developed by Abels, Garcke, and Gr\"un for fluids with different densities, which leads to a solenoidal velocity field. The model is given by a non-homogeneous Navier-Stokes system with a modified convective term coupled to a Cahn-Hilliard system. The density of the mixture depends on an order parameter.Comment: 33 page

Largest GWAS of PTSD (N=20 070) yields genetic overlap with schizophrenia and sex differences in heritability

The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder group (PGC-PTSD) combined genome-wide case-control molecular genetic data across 11 multiethnic studies to quantify PTSD heritability, to examine potential shared genetic risk with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder and to identify risk loci for PTSD. Examining 20 730 individuals, we report a molecular genetics-based heritability estimate (h 2 SNP) for European-American females of 29% that is similar to h 2 SNP for schizophrenia and is substantially higher than h 2 SNP in European-American males (estimate not distinguishable from zero). We found strong evidence of overlapping genetic risk between PTSD and schizophrenia along with more modest evidence of overlap with bipolar and major depressive disorder. No single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) exceeded genome-wide significance in the transethnic (overall) meta-analysis and we do not replicate previously reported associations. Still, SNP-level summary statistics made available here afford the best-available molecular genetic index of PTSD - for both European- and African-American individuals - and can be used in polygenic risk prediction and genetic correlation studies of diverse phenotypes. Publication of summary statistics for 1/410 000 African Americans contributes to the broader goal of increased ancestral diversity in genomic data resources. In sum, the results demonstrate genetic influences on the development of PTSD, identify shared genetic risk between PTSD and other psychiatric disorders and highlight the importance of multiethnic/racial samples. As has been the case with schizophrenia and other complex genetic disorders, larger sample sizes are needed to identify specific risk loci