Results of borehole televiewer observations in the Celebes and Sulu Seas

Journal ArticleBorehole televiewer data were collected during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 124 to investigate stress orientations in the Sulu and Celebes sea basins. At Site 768C, in the Sulu Sea, televiewer logs were collected from 809-870 and 950-1250 meters below sea floor (mbsf). At Site 770C, in the Celebes Sea, televiewer logs were collected between 405-524 mbsf. No borehole breakouts were found during examination of these data. Calculation of the allowable stresses using a range of basaltic rock strengths shows that ambient stresses at the depths logged are lower than those necessary to cause breakouts in basalt. Analysis of fractures visible in the borehole televiewer logs showed strong groupings of fracture orientations at both sites. At Site 768, the main fracture trend is N 120? E, dipping 60? SW, with smaller groupings at N 117? E, 62? NE; N 64? E, 68? SE; and N 35? E, 64? E. At Site 770, the main fracture orientations are N 119? E, 68? NE and N 143? E, 70? SW. The preferred orientations of these high-angle fractures may represent a response to the present stress field, either by formation of new fractures or reactivation of older zones of weakness. The observed fracture pattern is compatible with extensional stresses related to subduction at the Cotabato and Negros trenches. Alternatively, the fractures may be relict features recording earlier stress conditions

Managing Soybean Rustin South Dakota in 2006

Soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, was first introduced to the U.S. in Fall 2004. It survived the winter in small pockets of infected kudzu in Florida and produced a widespread low-severity disease in the southeastern U.S. in 2005. During Winter 2005, the pathogen survived over a much wider area and appears to have become established in Mexico. That means the threat from soybean rust is greater in 2006 than in 2005, and we can expect that the threat will generally increase over the coming years as the pathogen becomes established in new areas with little risk of winter freeze. Fungicides remain the only practical and effective control for this disease. Several fungicides have received EPA labeling and more products are being considered. Which fungicide products are available is a constantly changing landscape. Check with your local county Extension office for a listing of the most current products or go to http://plantsci.sdstate.edu/planthealth and link to Soybean Rust

Validity and relative validity of a novel digital approach for 24-h dietary recall in athletes

BACKGROUND: We developed a digital dietary analysis tool for athletes (DATA) using a modified 24-h recall method and an integrated, customized nutrient database. The purpose of this study was to assess DATA’s validity and relative validity by measuring its agreement with registered dietitians’ (RDs) direct observations (OBSERVATION) and 24-h dietary recall interviews using the USDA 5-step multiple-pass method (INTERVIEW), respectively. METHODS: Fifty-six athletes (14–20 y) completed DATA and INTERVIEW in randomized counter-balanced order. OBSERVATION (n = 26) consisted of RDs recording participants’ food/drink intake in a 24-h period and were completed the day prior to DATA and INTERVIEW. Agreement among methods was estimated using a repeated measures t-test and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: The paired differences (with 95% confidence intervals) between DATA and OBSERVATION were not significant for carbohydrate (10.1%, -1.2–22.7%) and protein (14.1%, -3.2–34.5%) but was significant for energy (14.4%, 1.2–29.3%). There were no differences between DATA and INTERVIEW for energy (-1.1%, -9.1–7.7%), carbohydrate (0.2%, -7.1–8.0%) or protein (-2.7%, -11.3–6.7%). Bland-Altman analysis indicated significant positive correlations between absolute values of the differences and the means for OBSERVATION vs. DATA (r = 0.40 and r = 0.47 for energy and carbohydrate, respectively) and INTERVIEW vs. DATA (r = 0.52, r = 0.29, and r = 0.61 for energy, carbohydrate, and protein, respectively). There were also wide 95% limits of agreement (LOA) for most method comparisons. The mean bias ratio (with 95% LOA) for OBSERVATION vs. DATA was 0.874 (0.551-1.385) for energy, 0.906 (0.522-1.575) for carbohydrate, and 0.895(0.395-2.031) for protein. The mean bias ratio (with 95% LOA) for INTERVIEW vs. DATA was 1.016 (0.538-1.919) for energy, 0.995 (0.563-1.757) for carbohydrate, and 1.031 (0.514-2.068) for protein. CONCLUSION: DATA has good relative validity for group-level comparisons in athletes. However, there are large variations in the relative validity of individuals’ dietary intake estimates from DATA, particularly in athletes with higher energy and nutrient intakes. DATA can be a useful athlete-specific, digital alternative to conventional 24-h dietary recall methods at the group level. Further development and testing is needed to improve DATA’s validity for estimations of individual dietary intakes

Research and Analysis of Fisheries in Illinois F-69-R (32) Final Performance Report July 1, 2018 – June 30, 2019

Fisheries managers are charged with understanding the interaction between sport fish populations and anglers to inform resource management decision making that supports and promotes healthy fisheries. Fundamental to this mission is easy access to long-term fisheries data, analytical tools and metrics that offer insight into the quality of a fishery, and an understanding of the factors that influence fish population dynamics. Equally important is the need to communicate this scientific knowledge and promote angling opportunities to the public. Project F-69-R has four overall goals: (1) conduct a variety of surveys and investigations that elucidate patterns of variation in sport fish populations and the mechanisms that drive those patterns, (2) evaluation methodologies used to collect fisheries data and inform sampling strategies; (3) communicate research findings and basic assessments of sport fish populations to the angling public, and (4) organize, manage, analyze and deliver sport fisheries data to researchers, sport fish managers, and the angling public. Basic and applied research studies, public outreach efforts, and data management activities all work in concert to create a better understanding of the restoration and conservation needs of sport fish populations in Illinois. Surveys and investigations completed in Segment 32 were executed under Study 1, Study 2, and Study 3. Summarized below, these studies were focused on three areas of sport fish restoration and management. First, a series of six experiments investigating the status and trends of Ancient Sport Fishes (Gars, and Bowfin) were conducted statewide, detailing age and growth methodology; spatial ecology and genetic relatedness; population vital rates; and bowfishing tournament harvest. Second, one experiment investigating the influence of on the heritability of lure avoidance were conducted, providing further evidence of the role angling vulnerability plays in fishing quality. Third, an evaluation of patterns in age and growth of walleye, sauger and their hybrids was initiated on several impoundments in east central Illinois. Evaluation of sampling methods initiated under Study 4 focuses on an evaluation of incorporating a fixed/random sample design into fisheries assessments in Illinois impoundments. Specifically, habitat and bathymetric assessments of study lakes were initiated, to be followed by data simulations utilizing sport fish data sets managed under Study 5. Sport fish data sets are the building blocks that support research studies and outreach activities within Project F-69-R, making the collaborative collection, organization, analysis, and dissemination of sport fish information a critical component of the overall goals of this project. In Study 5, project personnel collaborated with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources to efficiently collect and manage data that reflects the status and trends in sport fish populations in Illinois and organizes that information in such a way that the needs of all data users can be more efficiently met. An online permit application system for fishing tournaments throughout Illinois 6 has been met with great success regarding its ease of use and generation of important data for researchers and managers. A new online data portal accessible by IDNR Division of Fisheries that integrates the Hatchery Information Management System (HIMS) and the assessment data system METRICS has been developed. Informed by repeated consultations with system users in the last segment, the new I Fish Data Portal is scheduled for launch in the first quarter of Segment 33. Achieving this significant landmark supports a transition toward placing more data management responsibility with the IDNR Division of Fisheries, while maintaining collaborative access to data for use in Project surveys and investigations. Outreach activities under Study 6 primarily consist of the maintenance of the website www.ifishillinois.org. The website is a heavily visited, popular resource for anglers seeking information about sport fishing opportunities in Illinois. The site provides basic information about access, as well as science-based assessments about the quality of sport fishing in Illinois waters. Through Study 6 we are able to communicate the results of sport fish research and analysis, delivering state-of-the-art information to researchers, managers, and the angling public. Social media will continue to be utilized to promote and share information about sport fishing opportunities throughout Illinois. The website, social media, and public outreach activities are essential to sharing public data and information about sport fish populations and management in Illinois. The importance and value of Project F-69-R lies in the ability to be responsive to emerging sport fish management issues through research studies utilizing long-term sport fish data sets, followed by compelling and salient communications of those findings to the angling public. The Executive Summary provides a brief overview of the accomplishments of each job within the project, followed by a more detailed reporting of the specific procedures, findings and recommendations for future activities under this project.Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Federal Aid in Fisheries Restoration F-69-R (32)unpublishednot peer reviewedOpe

The t(8;21) chromosomal translocation in acute myelogenous leukemia modifies intranuclear targeting of the AML1/CBFalpha2 transcription factor

Targeting of gene regulatory factors to specific intranuclear sites may be critical for the accurate control of gene expression. The acute myelogenous leukemia 8;21 (AML1/ETO) fusion protein is encoded by a rearranged gene created by the ETO chromosomal translocation. This protein lacks the nuclear matrix-targeting signal that directs the AML1 protein to appropriate gene regulatory sites within the nucleus. Here we report that substitution of the chromosome 8-derived ETO protein for the multifunctional C terminus of AML1 precludes targeting of the factor to AML1 subnuclear domains. Instead, the AML1/ETO fusion protein is redirected by the ETO component to alternate nuclear matrix-associated foci. Our results link the ETO chromosomal translocation in AML with modifications in the intranuclear trafficking of the key hematopoietic regulatory factor, AML1. We conclude that misrouting of gene regulatory factors as a consequence of chromosomal translocations is an important characteristic of acute leukemias

Evaluation of NAVA-PAP in premature neonates with apnea of prematurity: minimal backup ventilation and clinically significant events

BackgroundNeonates with apnea of prematurity (AOP) clinically deteriorate because continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) provides inadequate support during apnea. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) provides proportional ventilator support from the electrical activity of the diaphragm. When the NAVA level is 0 cmH2O/mcV (NAVA-PAP), patients receive CPAP when breathing and backup ventilation when apneic. This study evaluates NAVA-PAP and time spent in backup ventilation.MethodsThis was a prospective, two-center, observational study of preterm neonates on NAVA-PAP for AOP. Ventilator data were downloaded after 24 h. The number of clinically significant events (CSEs) was collected. A paired t-test was used to perform statistical analysis.ResultsThe study was conducted on 28 patients with a gestational age of 25 ± 1.8 weeks and a study age of 28 ± 23 days. The number of CSEs was 4 ± 4.39/24 h. The patients were on NAVA-PAP for approximately 90%/min, switched to backup mode 2.5 ± 1.1 times/min, and spent 10.6 ± 7.2% in backup.ConclusionPreterm neonates on NAVA-PAP had few CSEs with minimal time in backup ventilation

Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection among Young Women Engaged in Sex Work in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Prevalence, Genotypes, Risk Factors and Association with HIV Infection

Background Although cervical cancer is the leading cancer in Cambodia, most women receive no routine screening for cervical cancer and few treatment options exist. Moreover, nothing is known regarding the prevalence of cervical HPV or the genotypes present among women in the country. Young sexually active women, especially those with multiple sex partners are at highest risk of HPV infection. We examine the prevalence and genotypes of cervical HPV, as well as the associated risk factors among young women engaged in sex work in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 220 young women (15–29 years) engaged in sex work in different venues including brothels or entertainment establishments, and on a freelance basis in streets, parks and private apartments. Cervical specimens were collected using standard cytobrush technique. HPV DNA was tested for by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping using type-specific probes for 29 individual HPV types, as well as for a mixture of 10 less common HPV types. All participants were also screened for HIV status using blood samples. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess risk factors for any or multiple HPV infection. Results The prevalence of cervical HPV 41.1%. HPV 51 and 70 were the most common (5.0%), followed by 16 (4.6%), 71 (4.1%) and 81 (3.7%). Thirty-six women (16.4%) were infected with multiple genotypes and 23.3% were infected with at least one oncogenic HPV type. In multivariate analyses, having HIV infection and a higher number of sexual partners were associated with cervical HPV infection. Risk factors for infection with multiple genotypes included working as freelance female sex workers (FSW) or in brothels, recent binge use of drugs, high number of sexual partners, and HIV infection. Conclusions This is the first Cambodian study on cervical HPV prevalence and genotypes. We found that HPV infection was common among young FSW, especially among women infected with HIV. These results underscore the urgent need for accessible cervical cancer screening and treatment, as well as for a prophylactic vaccine that covers the HPV subtypes present in Cambodia

Selling sex in unsafe spaces: sex work risk environments in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The risk environment framework provides a valuable but under-utilised heuristic for understanding environmental vulnerability to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers. Brothels have been shown to be safer than street-based sex work, with higher rates of consistent condom use and lower HIV prevalence. While entertainment venues are also assumed to be safer than street-based sex work, few studies have examined environmental influences on vulnerability to HIV in this context.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>As part of the Young Women's Health Study, a prospective observational study of young women (15-29 years) engaged in sex work in Phnom Penh, we conducted in-depth interviews (n = 33) to explore vulnerability to HIV/STI and related harms. Interviews were conducted in Khmer by trained interviewers, transcribed and translated into English and analysed for thematic content.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The intensification of anti-prostitution and anti-trafficking efforts in Cambodia has increased the number of women working in entertainment venues and on the street. Our results confirm that street-based sex work places women at risk of HIV/STI infection and identify significant environmental risks related to entertainment-based sex work, including limited access to condoms and alcohol-related intoxication. Our data also indicate that exposure to violence and interactions with the police are mediated by the settings in which sex is sold. In particular, transacting sex in environments such as guest houses where there is little or no oversight in the form of peer or managerial support or protection, may increase vulnerability to HIV/STI.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Entertainment venues may also provide a high risk environment for sex work. Our results indicate that strategies designed to address HIV prevention among brothel-based FSWs in Cambodia have not translated well to street and entertainment-based sex work venues in which increasing numbers of women are working. There is an urgent need for targeted interventions, supported by legal and policy reforms, designed to reduce the environmental risks of sex work in these settings. Future research should seek to investigate sex work venues as risk environments, explore the role of different business models in mediating these environments, and identify and quantify exposure to risk in different occupational settings.</p

Selected In-Season Nutritional Strategies to Enhance Recovery for Team Sport Athletes: A Practical Overview

Team sport athletes face a variety of nutritional challenges related to recovery during the competitive season. The purpose of this article is to review nutrition strategies related to muscle regeneration, glycogen restoration, fatigue, physical and immune health, and preparation for subsequent training bouts and competitions. Given the limited opportunities to recover between training bouts and games throughout the competitive season, athletes must be deliberate in their recovery strategy. Foundational components of recovery related to protein, carbohydrates, and fluid have been extensively reviewed and accepted. Micronutrients and supplements that may be efficacious for promoting recovery include vitamin D, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, creatine, collagen/vitamin C, and antioxidants. Curcumin and bromelain may also provide a recovery benefit during the competitive season but future research is warranted prior to incorporating supplemental dosages into the athlete's diet. Air travel poses nutritional challenges related to nutrient timing and quality. Incorporating strategies to consume efficacious micronutrients and ingredients is necessary to support athlete recovery in season