Upper Bounds for Online Ramsey Games in Random Graphs

Consider the following one-player game. Starting with the empty graph on n vertices, in every step a new edge is drawn uniformly at random and inserted into the current graph. This edge has to be coloured immediately with one of r available colours. The player's goal is to avoid creating a monochromatic copy of some fixed graph F for as long as possible. We prove an upper bound on the typical duration of this game if F is from a large class of graphs including cliques and cycles of arbitrary size. Together with lower bounds published elsewhere, explicit threshold functions follo

Online Ramsey Games in Random Graphs

Consider the following one-player game. Starting with the empty graph on n vertices, in every step a new edge is drawn uniformly at random and inserted into the current graph. This edge has to be coloured immediately with one of r available colours. The player's goal is to avoid creating a monochromatic copy of some fixed graph F for as long as possible. We prove a lower bound of nβ(F,r) on the typical duration of this game, where β(F,r) is a function that is strictly increasing in r and satisfies limr→∞ β(F,r) = 2 − 1/m2(F), where n2−1/m2(F) is the threshold of the corresponding offline colouring proble

Identification of the mitochondrial receptor complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mitochondrial protein import involves the recognition of preproteins by receptors and their subsequent translocation across the outer membrane. In Neurospora crassa, the two import receptors, MOM19 and MOM72, were found in a complex with the general insertion protein, GIP (formed by MOM7, MOM8, MOM30 and MOM38) and MOM22. We isolated a complex out of S. cerevisiae mitochondria consisting of MOM38/ISP42, the receptor MOM72, and five new yeast proteins, the putative equivalents of N. crassa MOM7, MOM8, MOM19, MOM22 and MOM30. A receptor complex isolated out of yeast cells transformed with N. crassa MOM19 contained the N. crassa master receptor in addition to the yeast proteins. This demonstrates that the yeast complex is functional, and provides strong evidence that we also have identified the yeast MOM19

Fallstudien zur Adaption und Antizipation im österreichischen Fachhochschulsektor

"Mit der Etablierung des Fachhochschulwesens wurde im internationalen Vergleich nicht nur eine Ausbildungslücke des österreichischen Bildungssystems geschlossen, sondern zugleich auch ein neues Kapitel hinsichtlich der Abstimmung von Ausbildung und beruflicher Praxis eröffnet. Neben dem Hochschulniveau bildet vor allem die Praxisorientierung einen wesentlichen Eckpfeiler des Fachhochschulwesens. Um diese Praxisorientierung zu gewährleisten wurden innovative - dem österreichischen Bildungswesen bislang unbekannte - Instrumente wie z.B. die Bedarfs- und Akzeptanzstudien implementiert. Die Dynamik der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung erfordert aber eine immer schnellere Anpassung an Veränderungen, weshalb sich die Frage stellt, auf welche Weise die einzelnen FH-Studiengänge abseits der obligatorischen Instrumente den Praxisbezug ihrer Ausbildung sicherstellen. Um diese Prozesse zu untersuchen werden in dieser Studie zwei ausgewählte Fachhochschulstudiengänge (Medientechnik und Design in Hagenberg, OÖ sowie Industrielle Elektronik in Kapfenberg, Steiermark) im Rahmen von Fallstudien vor allem hinsichtlich ihrer Praxis der Anpassung des Curriculums an den Qualifikationsbedarf der Wirtschaft bzw. ihres Systems zur Antizipation wirtschaftlicher Veränderungen analysiert und verglichen." (Autorenreferat)"In 1993 the Fachhochschulen, which provide higher vocational education, were introduced in Austria. The introduction of the Fachhochschul-Sector also marked the beginning of a new system of harmonizing education with the occupational practise within the Austrian educational system. Innovative instruments and tools like the need&acceptance analyses were implemented to secure the practice orientation in this educational sector. As the ongoing economical development speeds up the adaptation to and anticipation of industrial change becomes an every-day necessity for educational institutions. It is the aim of this study to analyse these processes of adaptation/anticipation in their every-day practice by doing case studies. We choose two single Fachhochschul-programs ('Media Engineering and Design' in Hagenberg, Upper Austria and 'Electronic Engineering' in Kapfenberg, Styria) and analysed their practice of adapting the curriculum to qualification needs and anticipating changes in their professional field." (author's abstract

Bad neighbors? Niche overlap and asymmetric competition between native and Lessepsian limpets in the Eastern Mediterranean rocky intertidal.

Abstract The Eastern Mediterranean Sea hosts more non-indigenous species than any other marine region, yet their impacts on the native biota remain poorly understood. Focusing on mollusks from the Israeli rocky intertidal, we explored the hypothesis that this abiotically harsh habitat supports a limited trait diversity, and thus may promote niche overlap and competition between native and non-indigenous species. Indeed, native and non-indigenous assemblage components often had a highly similar trait composition, caused by functionally similar native (Patella caerulea) and non-indigenous (Cellana rota) limpets. Body size of P. caerulea decreased with increasing C. rota prevalence, but not vice versa, indicating potential asymmetric competition. Although both species have coexisted in Israel for >15 years, a rapid 'replacement' of native limpets by C. rota has been reported for a thermally polluted site, suggesting that competition and regionally rapid climate-related seawater warming might interact to progressively erode native limpet performance along the Israeli coast

Ultrastructure of the Membrana Limitans Interna after Dye-Assisted Membrane Peeling

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrastructure of the membrana limitans interna (internal limiting membrane, ILM) and to evaluate alterations to the retinal cell layers after membrane peeling with vital dyes. Twenty-five patients (25 eyes) who underwent macular hole surgery were included, whereby 12 indocyanine green (ICG)- and 13 brilliant blue G (BBG)-stained ILM were analyzed using light, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy. Retinal cell fragments on the ILM were identified in both groups using immunohistochemistry. Comparing ICG- and BBG-stained membranes, larger cellular fragments were observed at a higher frequency in the BBG group. Thereby, the findings indicate that ICG permits an enhanced separation of the ILM from the underlying retina with less mechanical destruction. A possible explanation might be seen in the known photosensitivity of ICG, which induces a stiffening and shrinkage of the ILM but also generates retinal toxic metabolite

Wie beurteilen Sozialarbeitende ihre Beratungskompetenz?

Ein an der BFH entwickeltes Inventar zur Beratungskompetenz in der Sozialen Arbeit beruht auf der Selbstbeurteilung von Fachpersonen. Es gliedert die Beratungskompetenz in fünf Dimensionen. Mit Hilfe eines Online-Instruments können Sozialarbeitende nun ihre Stärken und Schwächen ermitteln

Time-resolved in vivo ubiquitinome profiling by DIA-MS reveals USP7 targets on a proteome-wide scale.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based ubiquitinomics provides system-level understanding of ubiquitin signaling. Here we present a scalable workflow for deep and precise in vivo ubiquitinome profiling, coupling an improved sample preparation protocol with data-independent acquisition (DIA)-MS and neural network-based data processing specifically optimized for ubiquitinomics. Compared to data-dependent acquisition (DDA), our method more than triples identification numbers to 70,000 ubiquitinated peptides in single MS runs, while significantly improving robustness and quantification precision. Upon inhibition of the oncology target USP7, we simultaneously record ubiquitination and consequent changes in abundance of more than 8,000 proteins at high temporal resolution. While ubiquitination of hundreds of proteins increases within minutes of USP7 inhibition, we find that only a small fraction of those are ever degraded, thereby dissecting the scope of USP7 action. Our method enables rapid mode-of-action profiling of candidate drugs targeting DUBs or ubiquitin ligases at high precision and throughput

A p38MAPK/MK2 signaling pathway leading to redox stress, cell death and ischemia/reperfusion injury

Background Many diseases and pathological conditions are characterized by transient or constitutive overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are causal for ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-associated tissue injury (IRI), a major contributor to organ dysfunction or failure. Preventing IRI with antioxidants failed in the clinic, most likely due to the difficulty to timely and efficiently target them to the site of ROS production and action. IR is also characterized by changes in the activity of intracellular signaling molecules including the stress kinase p38MAPK. While ROS can cause the activation of p38MAPK, we recently obtained in vitro evidence that p38MAPK activation is responsible for elevated mitochondrial ROS levels, thus suggesting a role for p38MAPK upstream of ROS and their damaging effects.<p></p> Results Here we identified p38MAPKα as the predominantly expressed isoform in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and siRNA-mediated knockdown demonstrated the pro-oxidant role of p38MAPKα signaling. Moreover, the knockout of the p38MAPK effector MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2) reproduced the effect of inhibiting or knocking down p38MAPK. To translate these findings into a setting closer to the clinic a stringent kidney clamping model was used. p38MAPK activity increased upon reperfusion and p38MAPK inhibition by the inhibitor BIRB796 almost completely prevented severe functional impairment caused by IR. Histological and molecular analyses showed that protection resulted from decreased redox stress and apoptotic cell death.<p></p> Conclusions These data highlight a novel and important mechanism for p38MAPK to cause IRI and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target for prevention of tissue injury.<p></p&gt

A pathway for Parkinson's Disease LRRK2 kinase to block primary cilia and Sonic hedgehog signaling in the brain

Parkinson’s disease-associated LRRK2 kinase phosphorylates multiple Rab GTPases, including Rab8A and Rab10. We show here that LRRK2 kinase interferes with primary cilia formation in cultured cells, human LRRK2 G2019S iPS cells and in the cortex of LRRK2 R1441C mice. Rab10 phosphorylation strengthens its intrinsic ability to block ciliogenesis by enhancing binding to RILPL1. Importantly, the ability of LRRK2 to interfere with ciliogenesis requires both Rab10 and RILPL1 proteins. Pathogenic LRRK2 influences the ability of cells to respond to cilia-dependent, Hedgehog signaling as monitored by Gli1 transcriptional activation. Moreover, cholinergic neurons in the striatum of LRRK2 R1441C mice show decreased ciliation, which will decrease their ability to sense Sonic hedgehog in a neuro-protective circuit that supports dopaminergic neurons. These data reveal a molecular pathway for regulating cilia function that likely contributes to Parkinson’s disease-specific pathology