Medienpädagogische Programmarbeit mit sozial benachteiligten und sehbehinderten Kindern : Konzept, Durchführung und Evaluierung einer Ferienaktion

Gegenstand der hier vorgelegten Arbeit ist die medienpädagogische Programmarbeit in Ferienaktionen als ein Aspekt der Leseförderung. Die besondere Aufnahmefähigkeit der Kinder in Ferienlagern stellt eine große, bisher wenig genutzte Chance dar, die Freude am Lesen auf eine andere, intensivere und gleichzeitig ungezwungenere Art und Weise zu fördern, als dies bei Aktionen in der Bibliothek möglich ist. Dabei geht die vorliegende Arbeit auch auf Gesichtspunkte der medienpädagogischen Programmarbeit mit sozial benachteiligten und sehgeschädigten Kindern ein. Anhand der geschichtlichen Entwicklung von Ferienaktionen mit Kindern soll aufgezeigt werden, in welcher Form medienpädagogische Arbeit mit Kindern in der Ferienzeit auch schon früher betrieben wurde. Die Arbeit soll zudem Möglichkeiten der Zusammenarbeit von öffentlicher Bibliothek und Ferienfreizeiten aufzeigen. Die Beteiligung an Aktionen in Ferienlagern stellt ein neues Betätigungsfeld der bibliothekarischen Arbeit in der Leseförderung dar. Die in der Diplomarbeit vorgestellten Veranstaltungsmöglichkeiten sind vor allem für den Einsatz während Ferienfreizeiten gedacht, können aber auch, in Varianten, für die Arbeit in Bibliotheken angewendet werden

Anästhesie und Analgesie in der Geburtshilfe und ihre Entwicklung in den letzten 36 Jahren: eine bundesweite Umfrage

The aim of this survey was to find out what the current status of anesthesia in obstetrics in Germany is and how it has changed over the last 36 years. For this purpose, a survey comprising 27 questions was sent to all hospitals in Germany that provided obstetric care. Subsequently, these results were compared with a similar survey conducted in 1985 by Ursula Sans-Scherer. It was found that there have been some changes in the standards of obstetric anesthesia over the last 36 years. Catheter PDA is now used in 31.4% of vaginal deliveries. Thus, it has become established in every area of vaginal deliveries and has particularly displaced the pudendal block, which was previously used in just over 40% of vaginal deliveries. In addition, general anesthesia, previously used in a good 85% of cesarean deliveries, has been largely replaced by spinal anesthesia. The latter was now used in nearly 89% of cesarean deliveries. The development of anesthesia in obstetrics in recent years has thus led to regional anesthesia being the method of choice today. The results of this comparison could serve as a basis for further statistical evaluations.Es sollte mit dieser Umfrage herausgefunden werden, wie der aktuelle Stand der Anästhesie in der Geburtshilfe in Deutschland ist und wie sich diese in den letzten 36 Jahren verändert hat. Dafür wurde eine Umfrage, welche 27 Fragen umfasste, an alle Kliniken in Deutschland verschickt, die Geburtshilfe betrieben. Anschließend wurden diese Ergebnisse mit einer ähnlichen Umfrage aus dem Jahre 1985 von Ursula Sans-Scherer verglichen. Es konnte herausgefunden werden, dass sich in den Standards der geburtshilflichen Anästhesie in den letzten 36 Jahren einiges verändert hat. Die Katheter PDA wird heutzutage in 31,4% der vaginalen Entbindungen angewandt. Damit hat sie sich in jedem Bereich der vaginalen Entbindungen etabliert und besonders den Pudendusblock, welcher zuvor noch in gut 40% der vaginalen Entbindungen verwendet wurde, verdrängt. Außerdem wurde die vorher in gut 85% der Sectiones angewandte Vollnarkose von der Spinalanästhesie weitestgehend abgelöst. Letztere fand heute in knapp 89% der Kaiserschnitte Anwendung. Die Entwicklung der Anästhesie in der Geburtshilfe hat in den letzten Jahren also dazu geführt, dass die Regionalanästhesie heutzutage Methode der Wahl ist. Die Ergebnisse dieses Vergleiches könnten als Grundlage für weitere statistische Auswertungen dienen

Microtubular Gas Diffusion Electrode Based on Ruthenium-Carbon Nanotubes for Ambient Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

The drawback of the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process promotes the research and development of alternative ammonia (NH3) synthesis approaches. The electrochemical nitrogen (N2) reduction reaction (eNRR) may offer a promising method to produce NH3 independent of fossil-fuel-based hydrogen production. However, the low solubility and the low-efficiency mass transport of N2 in aqueous electrolytes are still among the challenges facing the feasibility of eNRR. Herein, we demonstrate a microtubular ruthenium-carbon nanotube gas diffusion electrode (Ru−CNT GDE), for the first time, applying it to electrochemical NH3 synthesis in an H-type cell under ambient conditions. The highest reported Ru-catalyzed NH3 yield rate of 2.1×10−9 mol/cm2 s and high faradaic efficiency of 13.5 % were achieved, showing the superior effect of Ru−CNT GDEs on the eNRR performance. This work provides a new approach for the design and fabrication of self-standing catalyst-loaded GDEs for eNRR. © 2020 The Authors. ChemElectroChem published by Wiley-VCH Gmb

Tailoring re-entrant geometry in inverse colloidal monolayers to control surface wettability

Controlling the microscopic wetting state of a liquid in contact with a structured surface is the basis for the design of liquid repellent as well as anti-fogging coatings by preventing or enabling a given liquid to infiltrate the surface structures. Similarly, a liquid can be confined to designated surface areas by locally controlling the wetting state, with applications ranging from liquid transport on a surface to creating tailored microenvironments for cell culture or chemical synthesis. The control of the wetting of a low- surface-tension liquid is substantially more difficult compared to water and requires surface structures with overhanging features, known as re-entrant geometries. Here, we use colloidal self-assembly and templating to create two-dimensional nanopore arrays with tailored re-entrant geometry. These pore arrays, termed inverse monolayers, are prepared by backfilling a sacrificial colloidal monolayer with a silica sol-gel precursor material. V arying the precursor concentration enables us to control the degree to which the colloids are embedded into the silica matrix. Upon calcination, nanopores with different opening angles result. The pore opening angle directly correlates with the re-entrant curvature of the surface nanostructures and can be used to control the macroscopic wetting behavior of a liquid sitting on the surface structures. We characterize the wetting of various liquids by static and dynamic contact angles and find correlation between the experimental results and theoretical predictions of the wetting state based on simple geometric considerations. We demonstrate the creation of omniphobic surface coatings that support Cassie-Baxter wetting states for liquids with low surface tensions, including octane (γ=21.7mN/m). We further use photolithography to spatially confine such low-surface-tension liquids to desired areas of the substrate with high accuracy.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

How temperature determines formation of maghemite nanoparticles

a b s t r a c t We report on the formation of polymer-stabilized superparamagnetic single-core and multi-core maghemite nanoparticles. The particle formation was carried out by coprecipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) sulfate in a continuous aqueous process using a micromixer system. Aggregates containing 50 primary particles with sizes of 2 nm were formed at a reaction temperature of 30°C. These particles aggregated further with time and were not stable. In contrast, stable single-core particles with a diameter of 7 nm were formed at 80°C as revealed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) coupled in-line with the micromixer for particle characterization. X-ray diffraction and TEM confirmed the SAXS results. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) identified the iron oxide phase as maghemite

TGFβ-signaling and FOXG1-expression are a hallmark of astrocyte lineage diversity in the murine ventral and dorsal forebrain

Heterogeneous astrocyte populations are defined by diversity in cellular environment, progenitor identity or function. Yet, little is known about the extent of the heterogeneity and how this diversity is acquired during development. To investigate the impact of TGF (transforming growth factor) β-signaling on astrocyte development in the telencephalon we deleted the TGFBR2 (transforming growth factor beta receptor 2) in early neural progenitor cells in mice using a FOXG1 (forkhead box G1)-driven CRE-recombinase. We used quantitative proteomics to characterize TGFBR2-deficient cells derived from the mouse telencephalon and identified differential protein expression of the astrocyte proteins GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and MFGE8 (milk fat globule-EGF factor 8). Biochemical and histological investigations revealed distinct populations of astrocytes in the dorsal and ventral telencephalon marked by GFAP or MFGE8 protein expression. The two subtypes differed in their response to TGFβ-signaling. Impaired TGFβ-signaling affected numbers of GFAP astrocytes in the ventral telencephalon. In contrast, TGFβ reduced MFGE8-expression in astrocytes deriving from both regions. Additionally, lineage tracing revealed that both GFAP and MFGE8 astrocyte subtypes derived partly from FOXG1-expressing neural precursor cells.Fil: Weise, Stefan Christopher. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; AlemaniaFil: Villarreal, Alejandro. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Heidrich, Stefanie. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; AlemaniaFil: Dehghanian, Fariba. University Of Isfahan; Irán. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; AlemaniaFil: Schachtrup, Christian. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; AlemaniaFil: Nestel, Sigrun. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; AlemaniaFil: Schwarz, Jennifer. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; AlemaniaFil: Thedieck, Kathrin. Universität Oldenburg; Argentina. University of Groningen; Países BajosFil: Vogel, Tanja. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; Alemani

DOT1L promotes progenitor proliferation and primes neuronal layer identity in the developing cerebral cortex

Cortical development is controlled by transcriptional programs, which are orchestrated by transcription factors. Yet, stable inheritance of spatiooral activity of factors influencing cell fate and localization in different layers is only partly understood. Here we find that deletion of Dot1l in the murine telencephalon leads to cortical layering defects, indicating DOT1L activity and chromatin methylation at H3K79 impact on the cell cycle, and influence transcriptional programs conferring upper layer identity in early progenitors. Specifically, DOT1L prevents premature differentiation by increasing expression of genes that regulate asymmetric cell division (Vangl2, Cenpj). Loss of DOT1L results in reduced numbers of progenitors expressing genes including SoxB1 gene family members. Loss of DOT1L also leads to altered cortical distribution of deep layer neurons that express either TBR1, CTIP2 or SOX5, and less activation of transcriptional programs that are characteristic for upper layer neurons (Satb2, Pou3f3, Cux2, SoxC family members). Data from three different mouse models suggest that DOT1L balances transcriptional programs necessary for proper neuronal composition and distribution in the six cortical layers. Furthermore, because loss of DOT1L in the pre-neurogenic phase of development impairs specifically generation of SATB2-expressing upper layer neurons, our data suggest that DOT1L primes upper layer identity in cortical progenitors.Fil: Franz, Henriette. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; AlemaniaFil: Villarreal, Alejandro. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Heidrich, Stefanie. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; AlemaniaFil: Videm, Pavankumar. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; AlemaniaFil: Kilpert, Fabian. Max Planck Institute Of Immunobiology And Epigenetics; AlemaniaFil: Mestres, Ivan. Technical University Dresden; AlemaniaFil: Calegari, Federico. Technical University Dresden; AlemaniaFil: Backofen, Rolf. Universidad de Copenhagen; Dinamarca. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; AlemaniaFil: Manke, Thomas. Max Planck Institute Of Immunobiology And Epigenetics; AlemaniaFil: Vogel, Tanja. Universität Freiburg Im Breisgau; Alemani

Genomic analysis reveals Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis as stable element in traditional sourdoughs

Sourdough has played a significant role in human nutrition and culture for thousands of years and is still of eminent importance for human diet and the bakery industry. Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis is the predominant key bacterium in traditionally fermented sourdoughs