Mellomlederes utfordringer med endringsprosesser i psykiatrisk helsearbeid i Norge. En kvalitativ studie blant seks mellomledere i fire ulike organisasjoner innen psykiatrisk helsearbeid i Norge

Sammendrag Mellomledere har en viktig rolle som bindeledd mellom toppledere og personalet. I særlig grad gjelder dette når endringer i organisasjonen implementeres. Deres evne til å få personalet til å forstå, akseptere og praktisere disse endringene er avgjørende. Motstand mot endringer derimot vanskeligjør gjennomføring av disse prosessene. For å utforske dette fenomenet nærmere valgte jeg å gjennomføre denne kvalitative undersøkelsen med fokus på mellomledere i psykiatrisk helsearbeid. Som analytisk verktøy for denne undersøkelsen brukte jeg to lederteorier som ble knyttet til hverandre. De sentrale lederskapsfaktorene tillit, autoritet, makt og etikk ble kombinert med mellomlederes funksjoner i endringsprosesser. Det ble utledet hypotesen om at høy tillit korrelerer positivt med kreativ bruk av normativ makt, og samtidig lite bruk av tvangsmakt. I tillegg ble det forventet at effektivt bruk av personalhåndtering, kommunikasjon og internalisering påvirket endringsprosessene positivt. Undersøkelsen viste at hypotesene ble bekreftet og oppgavens problemformulering kunne besvares. Mellomledere i psykiatrisk helsearbeid opplevde mange ulike typer endringer. Motstand mot endringer ble oppfattet som krevende og utfordrende. Undersøkelsens informanter brukte ulike strategier for ulike typer motstand. Alle var imidlertid enige om at integrativ kommunikasjon og høy tillit mellom personalet og mellomledere var avgjørende for suksessfulle endringsprosesser

Drucke Gothaer Verleger – Nachträge 2010 aus den durchschoss. Exemplaren

Nachträge zum Bestandsverzeichnis der Drucke Gothaer Verleger 1750 - 1850 der Universitäts- und Forschungsbibliothek, FB Goth

Site-specific probing of charge transfer dynamics in organic photovoltaics

We report the site-specific probing of charge-transfer dynamics in a prototype system for organic photovoltaics (OPV) by picosecond time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A layered system consisting of approximately two monolayers of C$_{60}$ deposited on top of a thin film of Copper-Phthalocyanine (CuPC) is excited by an optical pump pulse and the induced electronic dynamics are probed with 590 eV X-ray pulses. Charge transfer from the electron donor (CuPC) to the acceptor (C$_{60}$) and subsequent charge carrier dynamics are monitored by recording the time-dependent C 1$s$ core level photoemission spectrum of the system. The arrival of electrons in the C$_{60}$ layer is readily observed as a completely reversible, transient shift of the C$_{60}$ associated C 1$s$ core level, while the C 1$s$ level of the CuPC remains unchanged. The capability to probe charge transfer and recombination dynamics in OPV assemblies directly in the time domain and from the perspective of well-defined domains is expected to open additional pathways to better understand and optimize the performance of this emerging technology

Precision manufacturing of a lightweight mirror body made by selective laser melting

This article presents a new and individual way to generate opto-mechanical components by Additive Manufacturing, embedded in an established process chain for the fabrication of metal optics. The freedom of design offered by additive techniques gives the opportunity to produce more lightweight parts with improved mechanical stability. The latter is demonstrated by simulations of several models of metal mirrors with a constant outer shape but varying mass reduction factors. The optimized lightweight mirror exhibits $63.5 \%$ of mass reduction and a higher stiffness compared to conventional designs, but it is not manufacturable by cutting techniques. Utilizing Selective Laser Melting instead, a demonstrator of the mentioned topological non-trivial design is manufactured out of AlSi12 alloy powder. It is further shown that -- like in case of a traditional manufactured mirror substrate -- optical quality can be achieved by diamond turning, electroless nickel plating, and polishing techniques, which finally results in $< 150$~nm peak-to-valley shape deviation and a roughness of $< 1$~nm rms in a measurement area of $140 \times 110$ $\mu$m${}^2$. Negative implications from the additive manufacturing are shown to be negligible. Further it is shown that surface form is maintained over a two year storage period under ambient conditions.Comment: 13 pages, 19 figures, online version (corrected proof

The Role of the PAX8/PPARγ Fusion Oncogene in Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is uncommon and exhibits relatively low mortality rates. However, a subset of patients experience inexorable growth, metastatic spread, and mortality. Unfortunately, for these patients, there have been few significant advances in treatment during the last 50 years. While substantial advances have been made in recent years about the molecular genetic events underlying papillary thyroid cancer, the more aggressive follicular thyroid cancer remains poorly understood. The recent discovery of the PAX8/PPARγ translocation in follicular thyroid carcinoma has promoted progress in the role of PPARγ as a tumor suppressor and potential therapeutic target. The PAX8/PPARγ fusion gene appears to be an oncogene. It is most often expressed in follicular carcinomas and exerts a dominant-negative effect on wild-type PPARγ, and stimulates transcription of PAX8-responsive promoters. PPARγ agonists have shown promising results in vitro, although very few studies have been conducted to assess the clinical impact of these agents

Tuft dendrites of pyramidal neurons operate as feedback-modulated functional subunits

Dendrites of pyramidal cells exhibit complex morphologies and contain a variety of ionic conductances, which generate non-trivial integrative properties. Basal and proximal apical dendrites have been shown to function as independent computational subunits within a two-layer feedforward processing scheme. The outputs of the subunits are linearly summed and passed through a final non-linearity. It is an open question whether this mathematical abstraction can be applied to apical tuft dendrites as well. Using a detailed compartmental model of CA1 pyramidal neurons and a novel theoretical framework based on iso-response methods, we first show that somatic sub-threshold responses to brief synaptic inputs cannot be described by a two-layer feedforward model. Then, we relax the core assumption of subunit independence and introduce non-linear feedback from the output layer to the subunit inputs. We find that additive feedback alone explains the somatic responses to synaptic inputs to most of the branches in the apical tuft. Individual dendritic branches bidirectionally modulate the thresholds of their input-output curves without significantly changing the gains. In contrast to these findings for precisely timed inputs, we show that neuronal computations based on firing rates can be accurately described by purely feedforward two-layer models. Our findings support the view that dendrites of pyramidal neurons possess non-linear analog processing capabilities that critically depend on the location of synaptic inputs. The iso-response framework proposed in this computational study is highly efficient and could be directly applied to biological neurons