41 research outputs found
Нейропротективные свойства ингибитора C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) при гипоксической гипоксии
The aim of the study was to reveal the influence of the JNK inhibitor on the induction of disturbances in the psychoneurological status of experimental animals in the modeling of posthypoxic encephalopathy and to reveal the mechanisms of its action related to the functioning of the neural stem cells of the brain. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 64 male outbred mice. Posthypoxic encephalopathy was modeled in non-native mice with hypoxia of the hermetic volume. The JNK inhibitor was administered to mice subcutaneously at a dose of 15 mg/kg once before hypoxic exposure. We studied the neuropsychiatric status, the content of neuronal stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brain of experimental animals, and the direct effect of the JNK inhibitor on intact neural stem cells in vitro. Results. The expressed cerebroprotective action of the pharmacological agent was revealed, which consisted of normalizing the indices of orientation and exploratory behavior and conditioned activity in experimental animals. These effects developed against a background of a significant increase in the content of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brain. In the experiments in vitro, a direct stimulating effect of the JNK inhibitor on neural stem cells was found. Conclusions. The obtained results showed a neuroprotective action of the JNK inhibitor. At the same time, the prevention and compensation of the development of disturbances in the activity of the central nervous system is based on the preservation of the ability of the nerve tissue to repair andassociated with the functioning of resident neural stem cells.Цель исследования – выявить влияние ингибитора JNK на формирование нарушений психоневрологического статуса экспериментальных животных при моделировании постгипоксической энцефалопатии и вскрыть механизмы его действия, связанные с функционированием нейральных стволовых клеток (СК) головного мозга.Материалы и методы. Эксперименты проведены на 96 аутбредных самцахмышей. Постгипоксическая энцефалопатия моделировалась у беспородных мышей с помощью гипоксии гермообъема. Ингибитор JNK вводили мышам однократно перед гипоксическим воздействием подкожно в дозе 15 мг/кг.Изучали психоневрологический статус, содержание нейральных СК в субвентрикулярной зоне головного мозга экспериментальных животных и прямое влияние ингибитора JNK на интактные нейральные СК в условиях in vitro. Результаты. Выявили выраженное церебропротекторное действие фармакологического агента, заключающееся в нормализации показателей ориентировочно-исследовательского поведения и условно-рефлекторной деятельности у экспериментальных животных. Указанные эффекты развивались на фоне значительного увеличения содержания нейральных СК в субвентрикулярной зоне головного мозга. При этом в экспериментах in vitro обнаружено прямое стимулирующее влияние ингибитора JNK на нейральные СК. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о выраженном нейропротекторном действии ингибитора JNK. При этом в основе предупреждения развития нарушений деятельности ЦНС и их компенсации, очевидно, лежит сохранность способности нервной ткани к репарации, связанной с функционированием резидентных нейральных СК
You Don‘t Know What You‘ve Got Till It‘s Gone! Unemployment and Intertemporal Changes in Self-Reported Life Satisfaction
You Don't Know What You've Got Till It's Gone! Unemployment and Intertemporal Changes in Self-Reported Life Satisfaction
Perceiving emotion in non-social targets: The effect of trait empathy on emotional contagion through art
Neuroprotective properties of the C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor in hypoxic hypoxia
The aim of the study was to reveal the influence of the JNK inhibitor on the induction of disturbances in the psychoneurological status of experimental animals in the modeling of posthypoxic encephalopathy and to reveal the mechanisms of its action related to the functioning of the neural stem cells of the brain. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 64 male outbred mice. Posthypoxic encephalopathy was modeled in non-native mice with hypoxia of the hermetic volume. The JNK inhibitor was administered to mice subcutaneously at a dose of 15 mg/kg once before hypoxic exposure. We studied the neuropsychiatric status, the content of neuronal stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brain of experimental animals, and the direct effect of the JNK inhibitor on intact neural stem cells in vitro. Results. The expressed cerebroprotective action of the pharmacological agent was revealed, which consisted of normalizing the indices of orientation and exploratory behavior and conditioned activity in experimental animals. These effects developed against a background of a significant increase in the content of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brain. In the experiments in vitro, a direct stimulating effect of the JNK inhibitor on neural stem cells was found. Conclusions. The obtained results showed a neuroprotective action of the JNK inhibitor. At the same time, the prevention and compensation of the development of disturbances in the activity of the central nervous system is based on the preservation of the ability of the nerve tissue to repair andassociated with the functioning of resident neural stem cells
New evidence of Neandertal butchery traditions through the marrow extraction in southwestern Europe (MIS 5–3)
Long bone breakage for bone marrow recovery is a commonly observed practice in Middle
Palaeolithic contexts, regardless of the climatic conditions. While lithic technology is largely
used to define cultural patterns in human groups, despite dedicating research by zooarchaeologists, for now butchering techniques rarely allowed the identification of clear traditions,
notably for ancient Palaeolithic periods. In this paper, we test the hypothesis of butchery traditions among Neandertal groupsusing the bone assemblages from three sites in southwestern Europe. These sites are located in southeastern France and northern Italy and are
dated to the Late Middle Palaeolithic: Abri du Maras (Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 4–3,
Ardèche), Saint-Marcel (MIS 3, Ardèche), and Riparo Tagliente (MIS 4–3, Verona). The
detection of culturally-induced patterns of bone breakage involves differentiating them from
intuitively generated patterns. To tackle this issue, we used a zooarchaeological approach
focusing on the percussion marks produced during the bone breakage process. Statistical
analyses as the chi-square test of independence were employed to verify if percussion mark
locations were randomly distributed, and if these distributions were different from the intuitive ones. For femurs and humeri, our results demonstrate that Neandertal groups occupying the Abri du Maras (levels 4.1 and 4.2) and the Saint-Marcel Cave (levels g and h) sites in
France applied butchery traditions to recover yellow marrow. However, the traditions developed at each site were different. On the contrary, in Riparo Tagliente, in Italy, several groups
or individuals of a same group did not share the same butchery traditions over time. Regarding the Abri du Maras and Saint Marcel Cave assemblages, our research demonstrates that
Neandertal groups applied intense standardized bone breakage, far from the intuitive practice observed experimentally and related to bone density and/or skeletal morphology. These
standardized patterns, which are systematic and counter-intuitive, can be interpreted as culturally induced for the Abri du Maras and Saint Marcel Cave. The diversity of Neanderta
Psychopharmacological effects of stimulation of the functions of neural stem cells by STAT3 inhibitor under conditions of modeled ethanol-induced encephalopathy
The Cynical Genius Illusion: Exploring and Debunking Lay Beliefs About Cynicism and Competence
Cynicism refers to a negative appraisal of human naturea belief that self-interest is the ultimate motive guiding human behavior. We explored laypersons' beliefs about cynicism and competence and to what extent these beliefs correspond to reality. Four studies showed that laypeople tend to believe in cynical individuals' cognitive superiority. A further three studies based on the data of about 200,000 individuals from 30 countries debunked these lay beliefs as illusionary by revealing that cynical (vs. less cynical) individuals generally do worse on cognitive ability and academic competency tasks. Cross-cultural analyses showed that competent individuals held contingent attitudes and endorsed cynicism only if it was warranted in a given sociocultural environment. Less competent individuals embraced cynicism unconditionally, suggesting thatat low levels of competenceholding a cynical worldview might represent an adaptive default strategy to avoid the potential costs of falling prey to others' cunning
Involvement of PI3K, MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 in functional stimulation of mesenchymal progenitor cells by alkaloid songorine
We studied the role of intracellular signaling molecules PI3K, МАРK ERK1/2, and р38 in stimulation of realization of the growth potential of mesenchymal progenitor cells by alkaloid songorine in vitro. Inhibitors of PI3K, ERK1/2 and р38 canceled the increase in proliferative activity of progenitor cells, the blockers of ERK1/2 and р38 reduced the intensity of progenitor cell differentiation
Involvement of PI3K, MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 in functional stimulation of mesenchymal progenitor cells by alkaloid songorine
We studied the role of intracellular signaling molecules PI3K, МАРK ERK1/2, and р38 in stimulation of realization of the growth potential of mesenchymal progenitor cells by alkaloid songorine in vitro. Inhibitors of PI3K, ERK1/2 and р38 canceled the increase in proliferative activity of progenitor cells, the blockers of ERK1/2 and р38 reduced the intensity of progenitor cell differentiation