Potencijalna korist meteoroloških informacija u prometu

U uvodu se ukazuje na ulogu i značaj meteorološke službe u valorizaciji prometa Republike Hrvatske. U drugom poglavlju daju se ciljevi i nabrajaju korisnici meteoroloških informacija u prometu, objašnjava priroda korisničkih zahtjeva i njihova identifikacija, vrste i sadržaj meteoroloških informacija, odnos korisnika prema ovim informacijama, te načini ostvarenja potencijalnih koristi u prometu. U trećem poglavlju obrazlaže se potreba upoznavanja meteorologa s djelatnostima korisnika informacija te osposobljavanje korisnika, i svih onih koji po prirodi posla dolaze u dodir s meteorološkim informacijama na putu od meteorologa do korisnika, kako bi se one optimalno koristile. U četvrtom poglavlju prikazan je sastav simulacijskog modela za istraživanje i primjenu potencijalnih koristi meteoroloških informacija u prometu, te se ukratko opisuje metodologija za njihovo efikasno korištenje od strane korisnika primjenom cost/benefit analize na jednostavnom primjeru

Economic costs and health utility values associated with extremely preterm birth: Evidence from the EPICure2 cohort study.

Background: Preterm birth is associated with adverse health and developmental se-quelae that impose a burden on finite resources and significant challenges for indi-viduals, families and societies. Objectives: To estimate economic outcomes at age 11 associated with extremely pre-term birth using evidence from a whole population study (EPICure2 study). Methods: The study population comprised a sample of children born at ≤26 com-pleted weeks of gestation during 2006 in England (n=  200) and a comparison group of classmates born at term (n=  143). Societal costs were estimated using parent and teacher reports of service utilisation, and valuations of work losses and additional care costs to families. Utility scores for the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and Mark 3 (HUI3) were generated using UK and Canadian value sets. Generalised linear regression was used to estimate the impact of extremely preterm birth on societal costs and utility scores. Results: Unadjusted mean societal costs that excluded provision of special educa-tional support in mainstream schools during the 11th year after birth were £6536 for the extremely preterm group and £3275 for their classmates, generating a difference of £3262 (95% confidence interval [CI] £1912, £5543). The mean adjusted cost dif-ference was £2916 (95% CI £1609, £4224), including special educational needs pro-vision in mainstream schools increased the adjusted cost difference to £4772 (95% CI £3166, £6378). Compared with birth at term, extremely preterm birth generated mean-    adjusted utility decrements ranging from 0.13 (95% CI 0.09, 0.18) based on the UK HUI2 statistical inference tariff to 0.28 (95% CI 0.18, 0.37) based on the Canadian HUI3 tariff. Conclusions: The adverse economic impact of extremely preterm birth persists into late childhood. Further longitudinal studies conducted from multiple perspectives are needed to understand the magnitude, trajectory and underpinning mechanisms of economic outcomes following extremely preterm birth.</p

Impact of new national guidance on survival for babies born at 22-weeks’ gestation in England and Wales: A population-based cohort

No description supplie

Impact of new national guidance on survival for babies born at 22-weeks’ gestation in England and Wales: A population-based cohort

No description supplie

Additional file 1: of Cost and quality of life analysis of HIV self-testing and facility-based HIV testing and counselling in Blantyre, Malawi

Appendix A. Direct health provider costing methods. Appendix B. Sensitivity Analysis for multivariate regression of total societal cost (Model 2). (DOCX 48 kb

Gestational age at birth and academic attainment in primary and secondary school in England: evidence from a national cohort study

Preterm birth (<37 weeks’ gestation) is a risk factor for poor educational outcomes. A dose-response effect of earlier gestational age at birth on poor primary school attainment has been observed, but evidence for secondary school attainment is limited and focused predominantly on the very preterm (<32 weeks) population. We examined the association between gestational age at birth and academic attainment at the end of primary and secondary schooling in England. Data for children born in England from 2000-2001 were drawn from the population-based UK Millennium Cohort Study. Information about the child’s birth, sociodemographic factors and health was collected from parents. Attainment on national tests at the end of primary (age 11) and secondary school (age 16) was derived from linked education records. Data on attainment in primary school was available for 6,950 pupils and that of secondary school was available for 7,131 pupils. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) for these outcomes were estimated at each stage separately using modified Poisson regression. At the end of primary school, 17.7% of children had not achieved the expected level in both English and Mathematics and this proportion increased with increasing prematurity. Compared to full term (39-41 weeks) children, the strongest associations were among children born moderately (32-33 weeks; aRR=2.13 (95% CI 1.44-3.13)) and very preterm (aRR=2.06 (95% CI 1.46-2.92)). Children born late preterm (34-36 weeks) and early term (37-38 weeks) were also at higher risk with aRR=1.18 (95% CI 0.94-1.49) and aRR=1.21 (95% CI 1.05-1.38), respectively. At the end of secondary school, 45.2% had notpassed at least five General Certificate of Secondary Education examinations including English and Mathematics. Following adjustment, only children born very preterm were at significantly higher risk (aRR=1.26 (95% CI 1.03-1.54)). All children born before full term are at risk of poorer attainment during primary school compared with term-born children, but only children born very preterm remain at risk at the end of secondary schooling. Children born very preterm may require additional educational support throughout compulsory schooling.</p

Frequency, distribution and density of EQ-5D utility scores by medical diagnosis.

<p>*Except in Labour</p> <p>**Except that caused by TB or Cryptococcal.</p

Mean total costs by discharge medical diagnosis.

<p>*Except in Labour</p> <p>**Except that caused by TB or Cryptococcal</p> <p>Total societal cost equates to the total direct health provider cost plus the total direct non-medical and indirect cost.</p

Associations between gestational age at birth and infection-related hospital admission rates during childhood in England: Population-based record linkage study

Background: Children born preterm ( Methods and findings: Using a population-based, record-linkage cohort study design, birth registrations, birth notifications and hospital admissions were linked using a deterministic algorithm. The study population included all live, singleton births occurring in NHS hospitals in England from January 2005 to December 2006 (n = 1,018,136). The primary outcome was all infection-related inpatient hospital admissions from birth to 10 years of age, death or study end (March 2015). The secondary outcome was the type of infection-related hospital admission, grouped into broad categories. Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each gestational age category ( Conclusions: Gestational age at birth was strongly associated with rates of infection-related hospital admissions during childhood and even children born a few weeks early remained at higher risk at 7–10 years of age. There was variation between clinical subgroups in the strength of relationships with gestational age. Effective infection prevention strategies should include focus on reducing the number and severity of LRTIs during early childhood.</p

Multivariate analysis exploring relationship between HIV and ART status and mean total costs^*.

<p>Multivariate analysis exploring relationship between HIV and ART status and mean total costs^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0192991#t007fn004" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p