The Stateman's Year Book 1987-88

20 cm; 1695 ha

The Contributions of Previous Research on the Benefits and Future Treatments of Magnesium as an Implant Material

William Hunter proposed that damaged cartilage cannot be reconstituted. There is a more extensive availability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s) highlights the attractiveness of their use in cartilage regeneration. After investigating the effects of magnesium on the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by LPS and IFN-γ in RAW 264.7 (RAW) cells to validate its anti-inflammatory mechanism as well as the investigation of the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs) co-cultured with activated macrophage cell-conditioned medium and the potential effects of magnesium addition in the process, the following conclusion can be drawn: The use of Magnesium showed evidence of enhancing the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting activated macrophage-induced inflammation. Purpose: To examine the potential effects of magnesium on the phenotypic changes in macrophages and their release of inflammatory cytokines with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) activation

Sonic Hedgehog in Nasal Mucus is a Biomarker for Smell Loss in Patients with Hyposmia

International audienceTitle: Sonic hedgehog in nasal mucus is a biomarker for smell loss in patients with hyposmia Background: Many chemical moieties have been identified in nasal and olfactory mucus related to cellular activity, cell signaling and olfaction. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) has been identified as a growth factor in taste buds but not in olfactory receptor tissues. We wished to determine if Shh were present in nasal mucus and, if present, does it relate to smell function and smell loss (hyposmia). Methods and findings: Shh was evaluated in nasal mucus in 14 normal volunteers and 44 patients with smell dysfunction of several etiologies. Nasal mucus was collected over a 1-4 day period in a 50 ml plastic container, transferred to a 12 ml plastic tube, centrifuged at 18,000 rpm for 45-55 minutes, the supernatant transferred to PCR tubes and frozen at 20°C until analyzed. All samples were analyzed by use of a sensitive spectrophotometric ELISA. Shh was found in nasal mucus in all normal subjects and in hyposmia patients. Levels in hyposmia patients of several etiologies were significantly lower than in normal. Levels decreased as subjects aged. Conclusions: This is the first systematic demonstration of Shh in nasal mucus in normal subjects and in hyposmia patients. Its presence is consistent with its role as a cell signaling moiety and growth or transcription factor related to olfactory receptor function. Its measurement in lower than normal concentrations in hyposmic patients may indicate that it can serve as a biomarker for smell loss in these patients. Its measurement can help to identify patients with hyposmic on an objective basis and help to define the biochemical parameters of their smell loss. Further studies can assist in determination of the specific role for this moiety in olfaction

Syntheses of Carbaporphyrinoid Systems Using a Carbatripyrrin Methodology

A carbatripyrrin intermediate was prepared from commercially available technical-grade indene and 2-pyrrolecarbaldehyde in three steps and 50% overall yield. This novel conjugated structure reacted with pyrroledialdehydes and 2,5-furandicarbaldehyde in the presence of TFA to give good yields of carbaporphyrins and an oxacarbaporphyrin, respectively, and unlike currently available methodologies, no oxidation step was required. The carbatripyrrin also condensed with heterocyclic dicarbinols in the presence of BF₃·Et₂O to give a series of heterocarbaporphyrins

The Contributions of Previous Research on the Benefits and Future Treatments of Magnesium as an Implant Material

William Hunter proposed that damaged cartilage cannot be reconstituted. There is a more extensive availability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s) highlights the attractiveness of their use in cartilage regeneration. After investigating the effects of magnesium on the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by LPS and IFN-γ in RAW 264.7 (RAW) cells to validate its anti-inflammatory mechanism as well as the investigation of the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs) co-cultured with activated macrophage cell-conditioned medium and the potential effects of magnesium addition in the process, the following conclusion can be drawn: The use of Magnesium showed evidence of enhancing the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting activated macrophage-induced inflammation. Purpose: To examine the potential effects of magnesium on the phenotypic changes in macrophages and their release of inflammatory cytokines with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) activation

Rhodium(III) Azuliporphyrins

The organometallic chemistry of azuliporphyrins has been extended to the first syntheses of rhodium­(III) derivatives. Reaction of [Rh­(CO)₂Cl]₂ with an azuliporphyrin in refluxing xylenes gave rhodium­(III) azuliporphyrins in 62–67% yield. These derivatives incorporate solvent molecules as axial ligands and thereby introduce two carbon–rhodium bonds in a three-component reaction. The methylbenzyl ligands that are derived from xylenes overlie the π system of the porphyrinoid macrocycle, and proton NMR spectra show that these units are strongly shielded. The <i>o</i>-, <i>m</i>-, and <i>p</i>-xylene-derived complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography, and this confirmed the presence of the central rhodium atom and the axial benzylic ligands. Additionally, when the azuliporphyrin was reacted with [Rh­(CO)₂Cl]₂ in refluxing acetonitrile and then treated with acetone and basic alumina, a rhodium­(III) azuliporphyrin with an acetone-derived axial ligand was generated. These results demonstrate that azuliporphyrins are superior organometallic ligands and therefore merit further investigation