50 research outputs found
Correlates and consequences of pre-incarceration gang involvement among incarcerated youthful felons
The Contributions of Previous Research on the Benefits and Future Treatments of Magnesium as an Implant Material
William Hunter proposed that damaged cartilage cannot be reconstituted. There is a more extensive availability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s) highlights the attractiveness of their use in cartilage regeneration. After investigating the effects of magnesium on the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by LPS and IFN-γ in RAW 264.7 (RAW) cells to validate its anti-inflammatory mechanism as well as the investigation of the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs) co-cultured with activated macrophage cell-conditioned medium and the potential effects of magnesium addition in the process, the following conclusion can be drawn: The use of Magnesium showed evidence of enhancing the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting activated macrophage-induced inflammation. Purpose: To examine the potential effects of magnesium on the phenotypic changes in macrophages and their release of inflammatory cytokines with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) activation
Sonic Hedgehog in Nasal Mucus is a Biomarker for Smell Loss in Patients with Hyposmia
International audienceTitle: Sonic hedgehog in nasal mucus is a biomarker for smell loss in patients with hyposmia Background: Many chemical moieties have been identified in nasal and olfactory mucus related to cellular activity, cell signaling and olfaction. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) has been identified as a growth factor in taste buds but not in olfactory receptor tissues. We wished to determine if Shh were present in nasal mucus and, if present, does it relate to smell function and smell loss (hyposmia). Methods and findings: Shh was evaluated in nasal mucus in 14 normal volunteers and 44 patients with smell dysfunction of several etiologies. Nasal mucus was collected over a 1-4 day period in a 50 ml plastic container, transferred to a 12 ml plastic tube, centrifuged at 18,000 rpm for 45-55 minutes, the supernatant transferred to PCR tubes and frozen at 20°C until analyzed. All samples were analyzed by use of a sensitive spectrophotometric ELISA. Shh was found in nasal mucus in all normal subjects and in hyposmia patients. Levels in hyposmia patients of several etiologies were significantly lower than in normal. Levels decreased as subjects aged. Conclusions: This is the first systematic demonstration of Shh in nasal mucus in normal subjects and in hyposmia patients. Its presence is consistent with its role as a cell signaling moiety and growth or transcription factor related to olfactory receptor function. Its measurement in lower than normal concentrations in hyposmic patients may indicate that it can serve as a biomarker for smell loss in these patients. Its measurement can help to identify patients with hyposmic on an objective basis and help to define the biochemical parameters of their smell loss. Further studies can assist in determination of the specific role for this moiety in olfaction
Syntheses of Carbaporphyrinoid Systems Using a Carbatripyrrin Methodology
A carbatripyrrin intermediate was
prepared from commercially available
technical-grade indene and 2-pyrrolecarbaldehyde in three steps and
50% overall yield. This novel conjugated structure reacted with pyrroledialdehydes
and 2,5-furandicarbaldehyde in the presence of TFA to give good yields
of carbaporphyrins and an oxacarbaporphyrin, respectively, and unlike
currently available methodologies, no oxidation step was required.
The carbatripyrrin also condensed with heterocyclic dicarbinols in
the presence of BF<sub>3</sub>·Et<sub>2</sub>O to give a series
of heterocarbaporphyrins
The Contributions of Previous Research on the Benefits and Future Treatments of Magnesium as an Implant Material
William Hunter proposed that damaged cartilage cannot be reconstituted. There is a more extensive availability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s) highlights the attractiveness of their use in cartilage regeneration. After investigating the effects of magnesium on the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by LPS and IFN-γ in RAW 264.7 (RAW) cells to validate its anti-inflammatory mechanism as well as the investigation of the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs) co-cultured with activated macrophage cell-conditioned medium and the potential effects of magnesium addition in the process, the following conclusion can be drawn: The use of Magnesium showed evidence of enhancing the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting activated macrophage-induced inflammation. Purpose: To examine the potential effects of magnesium on the phenotypic changes in macrophages and their release of inflammatory cytokines with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) activation
Rhodium(III) Azuliporphyrins
The
organometallic chemistry of azuliporphyrins has been extended
to the first syntheses of rhodium(III) derivatives. Reaction of [Rh(CO)<sub>2</sub>Cl]<sub>2</sub> with an azuliporphyrin in refluxing xylenes
gave rhodium(III) azuliporphyrins in 62–67% yield. These derivatives
incorporate solvent molecules as axial ligands and thereby introduce
two carbon–rhodium bonds in a three-component reaction. The
methylbenzyl ligands that are derived from xylenes overlie the π
system of the porphyrinoid macrocycle, and proton NMR spectra show
that these units are strongly shielded. The <i>o</i>-, <i>m</i>-, and <i>p</i>-xylene-derived complexes were
characterized by X-ray crystallography, and this confirmed the presence
of the central rhodium atom and the axial benzylic ligands. Additionally,
when the azuliporphyrin was reacted with [Rh(CO)<sub>2</sub>Cl]<sub>2</sub> in refluxing acetonitrile and then treated with acetone and
basic alumina, a rhodium(III) azuliporphyrin with an acetone-derived
axial ligand was generated. These results demonstrate that azuliporphyrins
are superior organometallic ligands and therefore merit further investigation