3,266 research outputs found
Precision frequency measurements with interferometric weak values
We demonstrate an experiment which utilizes a Sagnac interferometer to
measure a change in optical frequency of 129 kHz per root Hz with only 2 mW of
continuous wave, single mode input power. We describe the measurement of a weak
value and show how even higher frequency sensitivities may be obtained over a
bandwidth of several nanometers. This technique has many possible applications,
such as precision relative frequency measurements and laser locking without the
use of atomic lines.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, published in PR
Ultrasensitive Beam Deflection Measurement via Interferometric Weak Value Amplification
We report on the use of an interferometric weak value technique to amplify
very small transverse deflections of an optical beam. By entangling the beam's
transverse degrees of freedom with the which-path states of a Sagnac
interferometer, it is possible to realize an optical amplifier for polarization
independent deflections. The theory for the interferometric weak value
amplification method is presented along with the experimental results, which
are in good agreement. Of particular interest, we measured the angular
deflection of a mirror down to 560 femtoradians and the linear travel of a
piezo actuator down to 20 femtometers
Optimizing the Signal to Noise Ratio of a Beam Deflection Measurement with Interferometric Weak Values
The amplification obtained using weak values is quantified through a detailed
investigation of the signal to noise ratio for an optical beam deflection
measurement. We show that for a given deflection, input power and beam radius,
the use of interferometric weak values allows one to obtain the optimum signal
to noise ratio using a coherent beam. This method has the advantage of reduced
technical noise and allows for the use of detectors with a low saturation
intensity. We report on an experiment which improves the signal to noise ratio
for a beam deflection measurement by a factor of 54 when compared to a
measurement using the same beam size and a quantum limited detector
ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN, ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING, AND THE MARKET VALUE OF THE FIRM
We compare market returns associated with firms' creation of new units focused on e-business. Two aspects of organization design - governance and leadership - are considered with regard to exploitation - and exploration-oriented organization learning. We find that exploitation in governance (high centralization) is associated with a lower mean and variance in returns; that exploitation in leadership (appointment of outsiders) is associated with the same mean yet higher variance; and, among units exhibiting both modes of learning, the variance of returns are not equal
Continuous phase amplification with a Sagnac interferometer
We describe a weak value inspired phase amplification technique in a Sagnac
interferometer. We monitor the relative phase between two paths of a slightly
misaligned interferometer by measuring the average position of a split-Gaussian
mode in the dark port. Although we monitor only the dark port, we show that the
signal varies linearly with phase and that we can obtain similar sensitivity to
balanced homodyne detection. We derive the source of the amplification both
with classical wave optics and as an inverse weak value.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, previously submitted for publicatio
Interferometric weak value deflections: quantum and classical treatments
We derive the weak value deflection given in a paper by Dixon et al. (Phys.
Rev. Lett. 102, 173601 (2009)) both quantum mechanically and classically. This
paper is meant to cover some of the mathematical details omitted in that paper
owing to space constraints
Advances in immunotherapy for MMR proficient colorectal cancer.
Survival in mismatch-repair proficient (MMRp) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains poor and chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. Immunotherapy has demonstrated durable responses and a favourable side-effect profile in various cancer types and multiple clinical trials have been conducted in MMRp mCRC. In this review we summarise emerging trial data which demonstrate promising immunotherapy combinations in MMRp mCRC. We outline barriers to success, evaluate emerging biomarkers and discuss potential strategies to increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy in MMRp mCRC
The Role of ctDNA in Gastric Cancer.
Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has potential applications in gastric cancer (GC) with respect to screening, the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) following curative surgery, and in the advanced disease setting for treatment decision making and therapeutic monitoring. It can provide a less invasive and convenient method to capture the tumoural genomic landscape compared to tissue-based next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS). In addition, ctDNA can potentially overcome the challenges of tumour heterogeneity seen with tissue-based NGS. Although the evidence for ctDNA in GC is evolving, its potential utility is far reaching and may shape the management of this disease in the future. This article will review the current and future applications of ctDNA in GC
Standard and Null Weak Values
Weak value (WV) is a quantum mechanical measurement protocol, proposed by
Aharonov, Albert, and Vaidman. It consists of a weak measurement, which is
weighed in, conditional on the outcome of a later, strong measurement. Here we
define another two-step measurement protocol, null weak value (NVW), and point
out its advantages as compared to WV. We present two alternative derivations of
NWVs and compare them to the corresponding derivations of WVs.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Quantum Theory: A Two-Time Success
Story: Yakir Aharonov Festschrif
Swift captures the spectrally evolving prompt emission of GRB 070616
The origins of Gamma-ray Burst prompt emission are currently not well
understood and in this context long, well-observed events are particularly
important to study. We present the case of GRB 070616, analysing the
exceptionally long-duration multipeaked prompt emission, and later afterglow,
captured by all the instruments on-board Swift and by Suzaku WAM. The high
energy light curve remained generally flat for several hundred seconds before
going into a steep decline. Spectral evolution from hard to soft is clearly
taking place throughout the prompt emission, beginning at 285 s after the
trigger and extending to 1200 s. We track the movement of the spectral peak
energy, whilst observing a softening of the low energy spectral slope. The
steep decline in flux may be caused by a combination of this strong spectral
evolution and the curvature effect. We investigate origins for the spectral
evolution, ruling out a superposition of two power laws and considering instead
an additional component dominant during the late prompt emission. We also
discuss origins for the early optical emission and the physics of the
afterglow. The case of GRB 070616 clearly demonstrates that both broadband
coverage and good time resolution are crucial to pin down the origins of the
complex prompt emission in GRBs.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures (2 in colour), MNRAS accepte
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