2,010 research outputs found
Multi-Professional Perspectives on Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Across Europe: An e-Delphi Survey
The aims of this article are to describe the ongoing development of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer services within the European Union (EU), and to develop consensus on key areas within the field. This survey used an e-Delphi design. An initial survey was distributed via email to professionals working in Europe. A snowball sampling technique was used to promote distribution. Consensus was sought over three rounds from October 2012 to April 2015. Consensus was defined as >80% agreement (âagreeâ or âstrongly agreeâ). Sixty professionals participated in round 1, 106 in round 2, and 61 in round 3. Twenty-six countries were represented across all rounds. Consensus was achieved for: the need for national policy guidance, the importance of patient choice, the validity of the International Charter of Rights for Young People, and some aspects of multi-disciplinary working. There was 75% agreement on a single definition of the patient age range within AYA cancer care. European professionals with expertise in AYA cancer care reached consensus on key elements of care for this group. The optimal AYA age range remained an elusive topic on which to agree. The broad engagement and interest in AYA cancer across the EU through the European Network for Cancer in Children and Adolescents (ENCCA) network was also demonstrated
Mean Hα+[N ii]+[S ii] EW inferred for star-forming galaxies at z  âŒÂ 5.1â5.4 using high-quality Spitzer /IRAC photometry
Recent Spitzer/InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) photometric observations have revealed that rest-frame optical emission lines contribute significantly to the broad-band fluxes of high-redshift galaxies. Specifically, in the narrow redshift range z ⌠5.1â5.4 the [3.6]â[4.5] colour is expected to be very red, due to contamination of the 4.5 ÎŒm band by the dominant Hα line, while the 3.6 ÎŒm filter is free of nebular emission lines. We take advantage of new reductions of deep Spitzer/IRAC imaging over the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North+South fields (LabbĂ© et al. 2015) to obtain a clean measurement of the mean Hα equivalent width (EW) from the [3.6]â[4.5] colour in the redshift range z = 5.1â5.4. The selected sources either have measured spectroscopic redshifts (13 sources) or lie very confidently in the redshift range z = 5.1â5.4 based on the photometric redshift likelihood intervals (11 sources). Our zphot = 5.1â5.4 sample and zspec = 5.10â5.40 spectroscopic sample have a mean [3.6]â[4.5] colour of 0.31 ± 0.05 and 0.35 ± 0.07 mag, implying a rest-frame EW (Hα+[NâII]+[SâII]) of 665 ± 53 and 707 ± 74 Ă
, respectively, for sources in these samples. These values are consistent albeit slightly higher than derived by Stark et al. at z ⌠4, suggesting an evolution to higher values of the Hα+[NâII]+[SâII] EW at z > 2. Using the 3.6 ÎŒm band, which is free of emission line contamination, we perform robust spectral energy distribution fitting and find a median specific star formation rate of sSFR = 17+2â517â5+2 Gyrâ1, 7+1â2Ă7â2+1Ă higher than at z ⌠2. We find no strong correlation (<2Ï) between the Hα+[NâII]+[SâII] EW and the stellar mass of sources. Before the advent of JWST, improvements in these results will come through an expansion of current spectroscopic samples and deeper Spitzer/IRAC measurements
Sondeo arqueolĂłgico del sector 36 [Material grĂĄfico]
Detalle de los trabajos del levantamiento de materiales arqueolĂłgicos del Sector 36 Corte A/C-8/10Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de EducaciĂłn, Cultura y Deporte. SubdirecciĂłn General de CoordinaciĂłn Bibliotecaria, 201
Spectroscopy of an extreme [OIII] emitting active galactic nucleus at z = 3.212: implications for the reionisation era
Reionization-era galaxies often display intense nebular emission lines, both in rest-frame optical ([O III] + HâÎČ) and ultraviolet (UV; C III], C IV). How such strong nebular emission is powered remains unclear, with both active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and hot stars considered equally viable. The UV continuum slopes of these early systems tend to be very blue (ÎČ â1) than typical star-forming systems in the reionization era. To investigate the properties of AGNs in the reionization era, we have conducted a search for potential examples of rare analogues with blue continua at intermediate redshift (â z ⌠2â3). Our goals are to determine whether AGNs with intense line emission and blue continua exist and thereby to establish the range of rest-frame UV and optical line ratios in this population. In this paper, we report the detection of an X-ray luminous AGN at z = 3.21 (UDS-24561) with extreme [O III] + HâÎČ line emission (equivalent width = 1300 Ă
) and a blue UV continuum slope (ÎČ = â2.34). MMT/Binospec and Keck/MOSFIRE spectra indicate rest-frame UV line ratios consistent with AGN photoionization models and rest-frame optical lines with both a narrow component [full width at half-maximum (FWHM) =154kmsâ1] and extended broad wings (FWHM =977kmsâ1â ), consistent with outflowing gas. We describe how such objects can be identified in future James Webb Space Telescope emission line surveys in the reionization era, thereby providing a valuable census of AGN activity at z > 6 and understanding their contribution to cosmic reionization
Recommended from our members
Atmospheric emissions from the deepwater Horizon spill constrain air-water partitioning, hydrocarbon fate, and leak rate
The fate of deepwater releases of gas and oil mixtures is initially determined by solubility and volatility of individual hydrocarbon species; these attributes determine partitioning between air and water. Quantifying this partitioning is necessary to constrain simulations of gas and oil transport, to predict marine bioavailability of different fractions of the gas-oil mixture, and to develop a comprehensive picture of the fate of leaked hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Analysis of airborne atmospheric data shows massive amounts (âŒ258,000 kg/day) of hydrocarbons evaporating promptly from the Deepwater Horizon spill; these data collected during two research flights constrain air-water partitioning, thus bioavailability and fate, of the leaked fluid. This analysis quantifies the fraction of surfacing hydrocarbons that dissolves in the water column (âŒ33% by mass), the fraction that does not dissolve, and the fraction that evaporates promptly after surfacing (âŒ14% by mass). We do not quantify the leaked fraction lacking a surface expression; therefore, calculation of atmospheric mass fluxes provides a lower limit to the total hydrocarbon leak rate of 32,600 to 47,700 barrels of fluid per day, depending on reservoir fluid composition information. This study demonstrates a new approach for rapid-response airborne assessment of future oil spills. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union
Mean H alpha plus [N II] plus [S II] EW inferred for star-forming galaxies at z similar to 5.1-5.4 using high-quality Spitzer/IRAC photometry
Recent Spitzer/InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) photometric observations have revealed that rest-frame optical emission lines contribute significantly to the broad-band fluxes of high-redshift galaxies. Specifically, in the narrow redshift range z ⌠5.1â5.4 the [3.6]â[4.5] colour is expected to be very red, due to contamination of the 4.5 ÎŒm band by the dominant Hα line, while the 3.6 ÎŒm filter is free of nebular emission lines. We take advantage of new reductions of deep Spitzer/IRAC imaging over the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North+South fields (LabbĂ© et al. 2015) to obtain a clean measurement of the mean Hα equivalent width (EW) from the [3.6]â[4.5] colour in the redshift range z = 5.1â5.4. The selected sources either have measured spectroscopic redshifts (13 sources) or lie very confidently in the redshift range z = 5.1â5.4 based on the photometric redshift likelihood intervals (11 sources). Our zphot = 5.1â5.4 sample and zspec = 5.10â5.40 spectroscopic sample have a mean [3.6]â[4.5] colour of 0.31 ± 0.05 and 0.35 ± 0.07 mag, implying a rest-frame EW (Hα+[NâII]+[SâII]) of 665 ± 53 and 707 ± 74 Ă
, respectively, for sources in these samples. These values are consistent albeit slightly higher than derived by Stark et al. at z ⌠4, suggesting an evolution to higher values of the Hα+[NâII]+[SâII] EW at z > 2. Using the 3.6 ÎŒm band, which is free of emission line contamination, we perform robust spectral energy distribution fitting and find a median specific star formation rate of sSFR = 17+2â5 Gyrâ1, 7+1â2Ă higher than at z ⌠2. We find no strong correlation (<2Ï) between the Hα+[NâII]+[SâII] EW and the stellar mass of sources. Before the advent of JWST, improvements in these results will come through an expansion of current spectroscopic samples and deeper Spitzer/IRAC measurements
Early star-forming galaxies and the reionization of the Universe
Star forming galaxies represent a valuable tracer of cosmic history. Recent
observational progress with Hubble Space Telescope has led to the discovery and
study of the earliest-known galaxies corresponding to a period when the
Universe was only ~800 million years old. Intense ultraviolet radiation from
these early galaxies probably induced a major event in cosmic history: the
reionization of intergalactic hydrogen. New techniques are being developed to
understand the properties of these most distant galaxies and determine their
influence on the evolution of the universe.Comment: Review article appearing in Nature. This posting reflects a submitted
version of the review formatted by the authors, in accordance with Nature
publication policies. For the official, published version of the review,
please see http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/index.htm
Trends in suicide in Scotland 1981 â 1999: age, method and geography
BACKGROUND: Male suicide rates continued to increase in Scotland when rates in England and Wales declined. Female rates decreased, but at a slower rate than in England and Wales. Previous work has suggested higher than average rates in some rural areas of Scotland. This paper describes trends in suicide and undetermined death in Scotland by age, gender, geographical area and method for 1981 â 1999. METHODS: Deaths from suicide and undetermined cause in Scotland from 1981 â 1999 were identified using the records of the General Registrar Office. The deaths of people not resident in Scotland were excluded from the analysis. Death rates were calculated by area of residence, age group, gender, and method. Standardised Mortality Ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for rates by geographical area. RESULTS: Male rates of death by suicide and undetermined death increased by 35% between 1981 â 1985 and 1996 â 1999. The largest increases were in the youngest age groups. All age female rates decreased by 7% in the same period, although there were increases in younger female age groups. The commonest methods of suicide in men were hanging, self-poisoning and car exhaust fumes. Hanging in males increased by 96.8% from 45 per million to 89 per million, compared to a 30.7% increase for self-poisoning deaths. In females, the commonest method of suicide was self-poisoning. Female hanging death rates increased in the time period. Male SMRs for 1981 â 1999 were significantly elevated in Western Isles (SMR 138, 95% CI 112 â 171), Highland (135, CI 125 â 147), and Greater Glasgow (120, CI 115 â 125). The female SMR was significantly high only in Greater Glasgow (120, CI 112 â 128). CONCLUSION: All age suicide rates increased in men and decreased in women in Scotland in 1981 â 1999. Previous findings of higher than expected male rates in some rural areas were supported. Rates were also high in Greater Glasgow, one of the most deprived areas of Scotland. There were changes in the methods used, with an increase in hanging deaths in men, and a smaller increase in hanging in women. Altered choice of method may have contributed to the increased male deaths
Access and utilisation of maternity care for disabled women who experience domestic abuse:a systematic review
BACKGROUND: Although disabled women are significantly more likely to experience domestic abuse during pregnancy than non-disabled women, very little is known about how maternity care access and utilisation is affected by the co-existence of disability and domestic abuse. This systematic review of the literature explored how domestic abuse impacts upon disabled womenâs access to maternity services. METHODS: Eleven articles were identified through a search of six electronic databases and data were analysed to identify: the factors that facilitate or compromise access to care; the consequences of inadequate care for pregnant womenâs health and wellbeing; and the effectiveness of existing strategies for improvement. RESULTS: Findings indicate that a mental health diagnosis, poor relationships with health professionals and environmental barriers can compromise womenâs utilisation of maternity services. Domestic abuse can both compromise, and catalyse, access to services and social support is a positive factor when accessing care. Delayed and inadequate care has adverse effects on womenâs physical and psychological health, however further research is required to fully explore the nature and extent of these consequences. Only one study identified strategies currently being used to improve access to services for disabled women experiencing abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Based upon the barriers and facilitators identified within the review, we suggest that future strategies for improvement should focus on: understanding womenâs reasons for accessing care; fostering positive relationships; being women-centred; promoting environmental accessibility; and improving the strength of the evidence base
- âŠ