Towards Patient-Oriented Diabetes Care: Results from Two KORA Surveys in Southern Germany

Objective. This study aims to examine the relationship of diabetes care processes and patient outcomes with an expanded set of indicators regarding patient-oriented care delivery, such as treatment satisfaction, the quality of patient-physician relationship, and a wider range of patient outcomes such as self-management, health behaviour, disease-related burden, and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Methods. The study population consisted of 486 participants with type 2 diabetes in two population-based follow-up surveys, conducted in 2003 to 2005 and 2006 to 2008 in Southern Germany. Data were self-reported and questionnairebased, including the SF-12 for HRQL. Multiple regression models were used to identify associations between care processes and outcomes with adjustment for confounders. Results. Frequent medical examinations increased the likelihood of self-monitoring activities, such as foot care. A positive patient experienced relationship with their physician is associated with higher adherence to medical recommendations, such as medication intake, and the score of the SF-12 mental component. Participants with diabetesrelated complications reported higher levels of medical examinations and multiprofessional care. Conclusions. Indicators of patientoriented care should become an indispensable part of diabetes clinical practice guidelines with the aim of striving for more effective support of patients

Genome-Wide Ultrabithorax Binding Analysis Reveals Highly Targeted Genomic Loci at Developmental Regulators and a Potential Connection to Polycomb-Mediated Regulation

Hox homeodomain transcription factors are key regulators of animal development. They specify the identity of segments along the anterior-posterior body axis in metazoans by controlling the expression of diverse downstream targets, including transcription factors and signaling pathway components. The Drosophila melanogaster Hox factor Ultrabithorax (Ubx) directs the development of thoracic and abdominal segments and appendages, and loss of Ubx function can lead for example to the transformation of third thoracic segment appendages (e.g. halters) into second thoracic segment appendages (e.g. wings), resulting in a characteristic four-wing phenotype. Here we present a Drosophila melanogaster strain with a V5-epitope tagged Ubx allele, which we employed to obtain a high quality genome-wide map of Ubx binding sites using ChIP-seq. We confirm the sensitivity of the V5 ChIP-seq by recovering 7/8 of well-studied Ubx-dependent cis-regulatory regions. Moreover, we show that Ubx binding is predictive of enhancer activity as suggested by comparison with a genome-scale resource of in vivo tested enhancer candidates. We observed densely clustered Ubx binding sites at 12 extended genomic loci that included ANTP-C, BX-C, Polycomb complex genes, and other regulators and the clustered binding sites were frequently active enhancers. Furthermore, Ubx binding was detected at known Polycomb response elements (PREs) and was associated with significant enrichments of Pc and Pho ChIP signals in contrast to binding sites of other developmental TFs. Together, our results show that Ubx targets developmental regulators via strongly clustered binding sites and allow us to hypothesize that regulation by Ubx might involve Polycomb group proteins to maintain specific regulatory states in cooperative or mutually exclusive fashion, an attractive model that combines two groups of proteins with prominent gene regulatory roles during animal development

Aktueller Nipahvirus- Ausbruch im Distrikt Kozhikode im Norden des Bundestaates Kerala, Südindien

Peer Reviewe

Determining the Amino Acid Digestibility of Soybean Meal from Different Midwest Soybean Varieties Fed to Broilers

At hatch, 240 one-day old Cobb500 male broilers were placed in battery cages to determine soybean meal (SBM) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA). There were 6 broilers per cage and 10 replicates per treatment. A common corn-SBM crumble starter diet was fed from d 0 to 10 with experimental mash diets fed from d 10 to 18 with SBM as the only source of AA. Dietary treatments consisted of 1 of 4 soybean sources varying in quality determined by crude protein (CP) content and processed into SBM. Dietary treatments consisted of a commercially processed SBM with 47% CP (CSBM) or experimentally processed SBM with 42% CP (42SBM), 49% (49SBM), or 52% CP (52SBM). Two sources consisted of soybeans from a similar region and were processed either commercially (CSBM) or experimentally (49SBM) solvent extracted at Texas A&M University. Additional sources included a low quality (42SBM) and highquality (52SBM) soybean, experimentally solvent extracted into SBM at a pilot-scale facility at Texas A&M University. Dietary treatments were dextrose and SBM-based, and consisted of 1 of 4 SBM sources included in diets formulated to 20% CP. On d 18, broilers were euthanized by CO2 inhalation and ileal samples were collected for determination of AID of AA. Soybean meal processed from low, medium, and high CP soybeans resulted in increased concentrations of crude protein and indispensable AA. Individual SBM samples indicated that SBM with higher CP had lower NDF. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS 9.4, with cage as the experimental unit, cage location as the blocking factor with Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons used. For soybeans grown in a similar region, broilers fed CSBM, processed conventionally, had increased (P \u3c 0.05) AID of total AA, Arg, His, Lys, and Thr compared to 49SBM, processed experimentally. Increasing the CP content of SBM from 42SBM, and 49SBM, to 52SBM increased (P \u3c 0.05) AID of total AA, Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Thr, and Val. Broilers fed CSBM, 49SBM, and 52SBM had increased (P \u3c 0.001) Ile, Met, Phe, and Trp compared to broilers fed 42SBM. In conclusion, CSBM and 49SBM were sourced from a similar location but processed either commercially or experimentally, respectively. Commercially processed SBM had improved AID AA compared to the experimentally processed SBM. Additionally, SBM with increasing concentrations of CP and AA had improved AID of AA

Effect of Soybean Meal from Different Midwest Soybean Varieties on Growth Performance of Broilers

At hatch, 360 one-d old Cobb500 male broilers were placed in battery cages to determine the effect of soybean meal (SBM) from different Midwest soybean varieties on growth performance of broilers. There were 6 broilers per cage and 15 replicates per treatment. Dietary treatments cons0isted of 1 of 4 soybean sources varying in quality determined by crude protein (CP) content and processed into SBM. Two sources consisted of soybeans from a similar region and processed either commercially solvent extracted or experimentally solvent extracted at Texas A&M University. Additional sources included a low quality and high quality soybean, experimentally solvent extracted into SBM at Texas A&M University. Therefore, dietary treatments consisted of a commercially processed SBM with 47% CP (CSBM), or experimentally processed SBM with 42% CP (42SBM), 49% CP (49SBM), or 52% CP (52SBM). Diets were formulated to 1.05% digestible Lys and balanced using digestible AA values previously determined. Added dietary fat provided by vegetable oil was kept constant in the formulation across treatments. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS 9.4, with cage as the experimental unit, cage location as the blocking factor with Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons used. From d 0 to 18, body weight gain (BWG) and d 18 BW increased (P \u3c 0.001) in broilers fed CSBM, compared to 42SBM, 49SBM, and 52SBM. Broilers fed the CSBM had increased (P \u3c 0.001) ADFI, compared to 42SBM and 52SBM, with 49SBM intermediate. There was no evidence for feed conversion ratio (FCR) differences in broilers fed 42SBM, 49SBM, and 52SBM. There was no evidence for difference among broilers fed experimentally processed soybean meal; however, there were increases in diet cost of $28.81 and 5.41 per ton for the 42SBM and 49SBM, respectively, compared to 52SBM. Feed cost per bird decreased (P \u3c 0.001) in birds fed 52SBM ($0.244) compared to CSBM ($0.271) and 42SBM ($0.266) with 49SBM ($0.256) intermediate, CSBM and 42SBM. Therefore, the lower inclusion of 52SBM in the diet could be used to maintain growth performance with potential cost savings

Determining Amino Acid Digestibility of Soybean Meal from South Carolina Soybean Varieties Fed to Broilers

At hatch, 240 male broilers (Ross 308, Aviagen, Sallisaw, OK) were placed in batteries (Petersime Brood Unit, Gettysburg, OH) for a 15-d study to evaluate amino acid digestibility of soybean meal (SBM) from specialty variety soybeans grown in South Carolina. There were 10 replicates per treatment and 6 broilers per cage. Broilers were given a common corn and soybean meal-based diet from d 0 to 9. On d 9, broilers were weighed, and cages were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments within location block. Dietary treatments consisted of 1 of 4 soybean sources varying in quality determined by crude protein (CP) content and processed into SBM. Two sources consisted of soybeans from a similar region and processed either commercially solvent extracted or experimentally solvent extracted at Texas A&M University. Therefore, dietary treatments consisted of a commercially processed SBM with 44% CP (CON) or experimentally processed SBM with 50% CP (PCON), 52% CP (52SBM), or 56% CP (56SBM). Assay diets were dextrose and SBM-based, formulated to supply 20% dietary CP with titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker. On d 15, broilers were euthanized by CO2 inhalation and ileal samples were collected for determination of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS v. 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC), with pen as the experimental unit, pen location as the blocking factor and adjusted using Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons. Broilers fed CON and 56SBM had increased (P \u3c 0.003) digestibility of total AA, Arg, His, Lys, Thr, and Trp compared to those fed PCON and 52SBM. Digestibility of Ile and Phe increased (P \u3c 0.001) in broilers fed 56SBM compared to CON and 52SBM, while PCON was intermediate to CON and 52SBM. Broilers fed 56SBM had increased (P \u3c 0.001) digestibility of Leu compared to all other sources. Digestibility of Met increased (P = 0.007) in broilers fed CON and 56SBM compared to 52SBM and there was no evidence for differences between those fed PCON and all other sources. Broilers fed CON and 56SBM had increased (P \u3c 0.001) digestibility of Val compared to PCON and 52SBM, with no evidence for differences between those fed CON and PCON. In conclusion, broilers fed commercially processed SBM had improved AA digestibility compared to those fed experimentally processed soybeans from a similar region. The high CP (57% CP) SBM variety had increased AA digestibility compared to the PCON and 52SBM

Aktueller Ausbruch der Ebolavirus- Spezies „Sudan“ in Uganda

Im September 2022 wurde aus Uganda ein neuer Ausbruch, verursacht durch die „Sudan“-Spezies des Ebolavirus (SUDV) gemeldet. Wie das Epidemiologische Bulletin 43/2022 berichtet, wurden mit Stand vom 19.10.2022 bislang 64 bestätigte Fälle, darunter 25 Todesfälle, verzeichnet. Weitere 20 frühere Todesfälle gehören möglicherweise ebenfalls zu dem Ausbruch. Es wurden bereits weitreichende Maßnahmen ergriffen, um den Ausbruch unter Kontrolle zu bringen. Für SUDV gibt es bislang keine zugelassenen Impfstoffe oder Therapeutika. Experimentelle Impfstoffe sollen aber in Kürze zur Eindämmung des aktuellen Ausbruchs eingesetzt werden können. Das Risiko, dass sich Reisende aus Europa in Uganda infizieren, wird derzeit als sehr gering eingeschätzt. Ugandareisende werden jedoch gebeten, sich über entsprechende Reisehinweise zu informieren.Peer Reviewe

Aktueller Ebolafieber-Ausbruch in Uganda, hervorgerufen durch Ebolavirus-Spezies „Sudan“

Im September 2022 wurde aus Uganda ein neuer Ausbruch, verursacht durch die „Sudan“-Spezies des Ebolavirus (SUDV) gemeldet. Wie das Epidemiologische Bulletin 43/2022 berichtet, wurden mit Stand vom 19.10.2022 bislang 64 bestätigte Fälle, darunter 25 Todesfälle, verzeichnet. Weitere 20 frühere Todesfälle gehören möglicherweise ebenfalls zu dem Ausbruch. Es wurden bereits weitreichende Maßnahmen ergriffen, um den Ausbruch unter Kontrolle zu bringen. Für SUDV gibt es bislang keine zugelassenen Impfstoffe oder Therapeutika. Experimentelle Impfstoffe sollen aber in Kürze zur Eindämmung des aktuellen Ausbruchs eingesetzt werden können. Das Risiko, dass sich Reisende aus Europa in Uganda infizieren, wird derzeit als sehr gering eingeschätzt. Ugandareisende werden jedoch gebeten, sich über entsprechende Reisehinweise zu informieren.Peer Reviewe

Evaluating Hammermill Tip Speed, Air Assist, and Screen Hole Diameter on Ground Corn Characteristics

Whole yellow dent #2 corn was ground using two 43 mm Andritz hammermills (Model: 4330-6, Andritz Feed & Biofuel, Muncy, PA; JBS Live Pork LLC Feed Mill, Fremont, IA). Both mills discharged to a shared plenum where samples were collected via a sample port. Each mill was equipped with 72 hammers and 300 HP motors on a variable frequency drive (VFD). Corn was ground on 3 separate days to create replication and treatments were randomized within replication. Treatments were arranged in a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial design with 3 tip speeds (12,383, 16,323, and 20,263 ft/min); 3 screen hole diameters (6/64, 10/64, and 16/64 in.); and 3 air assist system fan RPM’s (60, 80, and 100% of fan motor load). Samples of each treatment were collected and analyzed for moisture, particle size, and flowability characteristics. Particle size analysis was completed using a 13-sieve stack with the inclusion of sieve agitators and flow agent. Flowability characteristics were evaluated using a composite flow index (CFI), which includes percent compressibility, angle of repose (AoR), and critical orifice diameter (COD). Data were analyzed as a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with grinding run as the experimental unit and sample collection day as a blocking factor. There were no 3-way interactions for screen hole diameter × hammer tip speed × air flow for the geometric mean diameter (dgw) or any flowability characteristics of ground corn. There was a 3-way interaction for particle size standard deviation (Sgw), (linear screen hole diameter × linear hammer tip speed × linear air flow, P = 0.029). There was a linear screen hole diameter × linear hammer tip speed interaction (P = 0.001) for dgw. When tip speed increased from 12,383 to 20,263 ft/min, the rate of decrease in dgw was greater as screen hole diameter increased from 6/64 to 16/64 in. An interaction of screen hole diameter and hammer tip speed (linear × linear, P = 0.040) was also observed for the CFI. The CFI results increased with increasing screen hole diameter when corn was ground using a hammer tip speed of 12,383 ft/min but no differences were observed as tip speed increased to 16,323 and 20,263 ft/min. An interaction of screen hole diameter and hammer tip speed (quadratic × quadratic, P = 0.001) was observed for mill motor load. Mill motor load decreased as screen hole diameter increased from 6/64 in. to 16/64 in., but increased as hammer tip speed was increased with the most significant reductions being observed as tip speed increased from 12,383 ft/min to 16,323 ft/min on the 6/64 in. screen. In conclusion, hammer tip speed and air flow rate are viable options for adjusting ground material characteristics when grinding using a hammermill, alongside the traditional screen variations. Along with the range of particle sizes capable of being produced, an increased level of accuracy can also be achieved with hammer tip speed and air flow adjustments with minimal down time necessary for screen changes

The Change Up Project : using social norming theory with young people to address domestic abuse and promote healthy relationships

This paper presents the findings of a secondary analysis of data collected during a pilot project, Change Up, which used a social norming approach (SNA) to address domestic violence and abuse (DVA) with young people aged 13–14. A SNA is based upon a well-articulated theory of behavior and evidence-based methodology for addressing social justice issues. This reflects a paradigm shift focusing upon strengths and positives, rather than pathologizing behaviours. Adopting a SNA, the Change Up project comprised a baseline survey followed by the intervention (workshop and peer-to-peer campaign), ending with a post-intervention survey. It was delivered in two high schools in a UK city between 2015 and 16. A secondary analysis of the survey data collected during the surveys and qualitative data collected at the end of each workshop was undertaken and this is reported here. Change Up data illustrates that most young people in the sample thought that DVA is unacceptable. There was, however, a gender difference in the norms held about the social acceptability of girls using physical violence against boys (and vice versa). The analysis of Change Up data indicates that a social norming approach to DVA programs aimed at young people can be successful in promoting attitude and behaviour change. It also highlights a continuing need for young people’s education about relationships and gender equality