Traumi infantili, intelligenza emotiva e regolazione delle emozioni in un campione di autori di reati sessuali

The aim of the following study is to examine in the Italian context, the prevalence of adverse childhood experience in a sample of detainee sexual offenders, and their correlation with risk of recidivism, emotional intelligence and emotion regulation. The sample is composed by 32 inmates. For the study the following instruments were used: ACE, DERS-16, TMMS and RM2000. The results show high presence of childhood traumas between sex offenders, and a strong correlation between adverse experiences and a higher risk of recidivism, a lower emotional intelligence and more difficulties in the regulation of bad emotions. Clinical consideration about treatment of sex offender are discussed.L’obiettivo del presente studio è quello di analizzare nel contesto italiano, la prevalenza di traumi infantili in un campione di autori di reati sessuali e indagare quale relazione intercorra tra i pregressi traumi infantili, il rischio di recidiva, l’intelligenza emotiva e la regolazione delle emozioni. Il campione è costituito da 32 soggetti detenuti. Per le rilevazioni sono stati usati i seguenti strumenti: ACE, DERS-16, TMMS e RM2000. Le analisi statistiche mostrano una significativa presenza di traumi infantili e evidenziano una forte correlazione tra questi, il rischio di recidiva, l’intelligenza emotiva e la capacità di gestione delle emozioni negative. Infine, sono discusse alcune implicazioni relative al trattamento conseguenti ai risultati ottenuti

Cryogel-supported stem cell factory for customized sustained release of bispecific antibodies for cancer immunotherapy

Combining stem cells with biomaterial scaffolds provides a promising strategy for the development of drug delivery systems. Here we propose an innovative immunotherapeutic organoid by housing human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), gene-modified for the secretion of an anti-CD33-anti-CD3 bispecific antibody (bsAb), in a small biocompatible star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)-heparin cryogel scaffold as a transplantable and low invasive therapeutic machinery for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The macroporous biohybrid cryogel platform displays effectiveness in supporting proliferation and survival of bsAb-releasing-MSCs overtime in vitro and in vivo, avoiding cell loss and ensuring a constant release of sustained and detectable levels of bsAb capable of triggering T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses and a rapid regression of CD33 + AML blasts. This therapeutic device results as a promising and safe alternative to the continuous administration of short-lived immunoagents and paves the way for effective bsAb-based therapeutic strategies for future tumor treatments

Seeding the meiotic DNA break machinery and initiating recombination on chromosome axes

Programmed DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation is a crucial feature of meiosis in most organisms. DSBs initiate recombination-mediated linking of homologous chromosomes, which enables correct chromosome segregation in meiosis. DSBs are generated on chromosome axes by heterooligomeric focal clusters of DSB-factors. Whereas DNA-driven protein condensation is thought to assemble the DSB-machinery, its targeting to chromosome axes is poorly understood. We uncover in mice that efficient biogenesis of DSB-machinery clusters requires seeding by axial IHO1 platforms. Both IHO1 phosphorylation and formation of axial IHO1 platforms are diminished by chemical inhibition of DBF4-dependent kinase (DDK), suggesting that DDK contributes to the control of the axial DSB-machinery. Furthermore, we show that axial IHO1 platforms are based on an interaction between IHO1 and the chromosomal axis component HORMAD1. IHO1-HORMAD1-mediated seeding of the DSB-machinery on axes ensures sufficiency of DSBs for efficient pairing of homologous chromosomes. Without IHO1-HORMAD1 interaction, residual DSBs depend on ANKRD31, which enhances both the seeding and the growth of DSB-machinery clusters. Thus, recombination initiation is ensured by complementary pathways that differentially support seeding and growth of DSB-machinery clusters, thereby synergistically enabling DSB-machinery condensation on chromosomal axes.Meiotic cells deliberately break their DNA to allow chromosomes to swap genetic material. Here, authors reveal genetically separable pathways controlling the seeding and growth of chromosome-bound protein condensates responsible for DNA breaks

Chemotaxonomy of Linaria genus by nor-iridoids distribution

Recent phytochemical study of several Italian species of Linaria, including rare endemic species, allowed a chemotaxomic approach to the genus based on phylogenetic trends in Lamiiflorae

Alignment of Homologous Chromosomes and Effective Repair of Programmed DNA Double-Strand Breaks during Mouse Meiosis Require the Minichromosome Maintenance Domain Containing 2 (MCMDC2) Protein.

Orderly chromosome segregation during the first meiotic division requires meiotic recombination to form crossovers between homologous chromosomes (homologues). Members of the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase family have been implicated in meiotic recombination. In addition, they have roles in initiation of DNA replication, DNA mismatch repair and mitotic DNA double-strand break repair. Here, we addressed the function of MCMDC2, an atypical yet conserved MCM protein, whose function in vertebrates has not been reported. While we did not find an important role for MCMDC2 in mitotically dividing cells, our work revealed that MCMDC2 is essential for fertility in both sexes due to a crucial function in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination begins with the introduction of DNA double-strand breaks into the genome. DNA ends at break sites are resected. The resultant 3-prime single-stranded DNA overhangs recruit RAD51 and DMC1 recombinases that promote the invasion of homologous duplex DNAs by the resected DNA ends. Multiple strand invasions on each chromosome promote the alignment of homologous chromosomes, which is a prerequisite for inter-homologue crossover formation during meiosis. We found that although DNA ends at break sites were evidently resected, and they recruited RAD51 and DMC1 recombinases, these recombinases were ineffective in promoting alignment of homologous chromosomes in the absence of MCMDC2. Consequently, RAD51 and DMC1 foci, which are thought to mark early recombination intermediates, were abnormally persistent in Mcmdc2-/- meiocytes. Importantly, the strand invasion stabilizing MSH4 protein, which marks more advanced recombination intermediates, did not efficiently form foci in Mcmdc2-/- meiocytes. Thus, our work suggests that MCMDC2 plays an important role in either the formation, or the stabilization, of DNA strand invasion events that promote homologue alignment and provide the basis for inter-homologue crossover formation during meiotic recombination