Exercise Training in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer During In-Hospital Chemotherapy Treatment: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to perform a randomized trial to assess the impact of exercise training in patients with non-small cell lung cancer during chemotherapy on several outcomes in comparison to a control group (CG).MethodsThe exercise training group (ETG) consisted of 20 patients and the CG consisted of 10 patients. In the ETG, a 4-wk in-hospital exercise training program was performed in 2-wk cycles interspersed with consecutive rounds of chemotherapy with cytostatic drugs. The exercise training program was individualized and included warm-up, respiratory muscle exercise, training on a cycle ergometer or treadmill, and Nordic walking. CG participants were assessed before and after 6 wk of chemotherapy alone.ResultsComparing pre- and post-intervention values, the ETG demonstrated an increase in 6-min walk distance (486 ± 92 vs 531 ± 103 m, P = .01). In a battery of physical performance tests: Up and Go Test (6.3 ± 1.0 vs 6.0 ± 1.1 sec, P = .01); chair stand (13.3 ± 2.8 vs 14.3 ± 3.4 repetitions, P = .001); and arm curl (18.4 ± 3.1 vs 20.4 ± 3.5 repetitions, P = .001) all improved significantly. Spirometry values also improved: FEV1 % predicted (76 ± 16 vs 84 ± 15, P = .01), FVC % predicted (87 ± 14 vs 95 ± 13, P = .01), and FEV1/FVC (73 ± 13% vs 76 ± 12%, P = .04). The exercise training was well tolerated, without any adverse events due to exercise. There were no significant improvements in the CG.ConclusionsThis study suggests that planned, individualized, and supervised exercise programs in patients with advanced lung cancer during chemotherapy are a practical and beneficial intervention for enhancing mobility and physical fitness

A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR CALCULATING LACTATE ANAEROBIC THRESHOLDS IN JUDO AND MIXED MARTIAL ARTS ATHLETES

The study aimed to determine the differences between exercise intensities at the anaerobic threshold values (VAT) calculated with methods of lactate curve analysis such as LTvisual, LTloglog, LT4.0, LTΔ1, and LTD-max, and to build regression equations that allow athletic training specialists to compare VAT values obtained from LTvisual, LTloglog, LTΔ1, LTD-max with that calculated with LT4.0. The sample analysed during the study consisted of 19 judoka and 22 MMA practitioners in a preparation period for competition. Each of the two disciplines has its own hierarchy of VAT values. The analysis aimed to determine the effect of the athletic discipline factor and of the method factor on VAT values. Results: The coefficient of variation (CV) values obtained indicate that the effective exercise intensities have bigger variation in judoka aerobic endurance training. VAT values assessed for judoka using different methods for analysing the blood lactate concentration curve are more consistent than in MMA competitors. Conclusions: Judo and MMA competitors have their specific hierarchies of running velocities at the anaerobic threshold, with both the athletic discipline factor and the method factor having an interaction effect on the VAT level. VAT levels assessed from the different methods used to analyse the blood lactate concentration curve are more consistent (ANOM) in judoka than in MMA practitioners

CHARACTER OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOMATIC COEFFICIENTS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS THE 15-17 YEAR OLD ICE-HOCKEY PLAYERS

The somatic structure in the significant degree determines the possibilities of applying definite tactical solutions, he can limit or stimulate unreeling the competitor individual technique. Somatic conditions can be the limiter of the motor preparation and coordination. The aim of investigations was qualification of dependence between coefficients of the somatic parameters and coefficients of aerobic and anaerobic efficiency. In investigations participated hockey players of National Team Poland in the age from 15 to 17 years. Essential dependences stepped out between the coefficients of aerobic and anaerobic efficiency, and the coefficients of the somatic conditions counted from the value of mass and the length of the body. The number of appointed dependences is higher in hockey players team U18 in the comparison with hockey players team U15

Predicting Breaststroke and Butterfly Stroke Results in Swimming Based on Olympics History

Here we describe historic variations in Olympic breaststroke and butterfly performance and predict swimming results for the 2021 Olympic Games in Tokyo. The results of the finalists, winners, and last participants in the women's and men's finals were analyzed, and a mathematical predictive model was created. The predicted times for the future Olympics were presented. Swimming performance among Olympians has been steadily improving, with record times of 18.51 s for female finalists in the 100 m butterfly (a 24.63% improvement) and 31.33 s for male finalists in the 200 m butterfly (21.44%). The results in all analyzed groups showed improvement in athletic performance, and the gap between the finalists has narrowed. Women Olympians' performances have improved faster than men's, reducing the gap between genders. We conclude that swimming performance among Olympians is continuing to improve

WORKLOADS OF YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS

The purpose of this study is to present a comparison of the workload demonstrated by young soccer players during the phases of warm-up (WU), first half (FH) and second half (SH) of a league match. Eleven young Polish soccer players took part in this research, playing a league match after completing the WU. During the WU, FH and SH of the match the following variables were recorded: total distance run, maximal and average speed achieved during the runs, number of sprints, distances run in the different speed zones, durations of increased heart rate (HR) in specific ranges, and the maximal, mean and minimal HR. The variables were recorded by means of the Global Positioning System (GPS). The research showed that there were significant differences between the WU, FH and SH in the total distances run (F=30.107, p0.001), the average speed achieved during the runs (F=37.731, p0.001), the distances run at different speeds (p0.001), the duration of increased HR in specific zones, and HRmean (p=0.002) and HRmin (p0.001). Post hoc analysis confirmed that, for the majority of the analyzed parameters, the WU provided a smaller load for the body than did the FH or SH, the intensity of which in some part was higher than that encountered at the anaerobic threshold. In conclusion, it has been shown that the WU and the two halves of the match load the body to varying degrees, the former doing so to a lesser extent than FH or SH

Corrosion resistance of heat-treated Ni-W alloy coatings

The paper presents research on evaluation of corrosion resistance of Ni-W alloy coatings subjected to heat treatment. The corrosion resistance was tested in 5% NaCl solution by the use of potentiodynamic polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Characteristics of the Ni-W coatings after heat treatment were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, scanning Kelvin probe technique and X-ray di raction. Suggested reasons for the improvement of properties of the heat treated Ni-W coating, obtained at the lowest current density value (125 mA cm2), are the highest tungsten content (c.a. 25 at.%) as well as the smallest and the most homogeneous electrochemically active surface area

Novel organic material induced by electron beam irradiation for medical application

This study analyzed the e ects of irradiation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) containing 40% of bronze using an electron beam with energy of 10 MeV. Dosages from 26 to156 kGy (2.6–15.6 Mrad) were used. The impact of a high-energy electron beam on the thermal, spectrophotometric, mechanical, and tribological properties was determined, and the results were compared with those obtained for pure PTFE. Thermal properties studies showed that such irradiation caused changes in melting temperature Tm and crystallization temperature Tc, an increase in crystallization heat DHc, and a large increase in crystallinity c proportional to the absorbed dose for both polymers. The addition of bronze decreased the degree of crystallinity of PTFE by twofold. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies confirmed that the main phenomenon associated with electron beam irradiation was the photodegradation of the polymer chains for both PTFE containing bronze and pure PTFE. This had a direct e ect on the increase in the degree of crystallinity observed in DSC studies. The use of a bronze additive could lead to energy dissipation over the additive particles. An increase in hardness H and Young’s modulus E was also observed. The addition of bronze and the irradiation with an electron beam improved of the operational properties of PTFE

BIOKINEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRIPLE JUMP TECHNIQUE IN QUALIFIED ATHLETES

The purpose of the study is to investigate the biokinematic characteristics of the triple jump technique in qualified athletes. Material and methods. The technique of the final attempts of qualified triple jumpers during the 2023 World Athletics Championships was analyzed. The following methods were used in the work: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, analysis of video materials, methods of mathematical statistics. The video of the final attempts was used, provided for public use by the International Athletics Federation (World Athletics). The attempts were recorded by four video cameras installed on the side of the treadmill at a distance of 2,5 m, the height of the video camera mounted on a tripod was 1,5 m. Two of the four video cameras recorded video at a frequency of 25 frames per second, the other two video cameras recorded video at a frequency of 1300 frames per second. Video analysis of the final attempts and processing of biokinematic parameters of the technique were determined using the Dartfish and Kinovea programs. All statistical data were processed in the statistical analysis program IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0.1.0. Results. The metric, time, angular, and speed characteristics of the take-off technique are determined; push-off; jump; step; jump for highly skilled triple jumpers. Based on the analysis of the triple jump technique indicators, the optimal biokinematic parameters of the technique that athletes need to have in order to achieve high competitive results were obtained. Conclusions. To achieve high competitive results in the triple jump, the following technical parameters must be used. The take-off speed should reach 10.40 m s-1 or more, the length of the last take-off step should be 2,20-2,40 m; the pace of the last step is 4-5 steps/s. The push-off; from the bar should last 0.100-0.133 s; the push-off; angle reaches 65-70 ̊; the speed of departure of the general center of mass of the body is 9.60 m s-1 and more. The jump should last no more than 0,660 s. During the jump, the high height of the overall center of body mass should be 1.30-1.45 m; upon landing, the speed of the general center of mass of the body is 9,20 m s-1 or more. The second push-off should last 0,160-0,180 s, the push-off angle is 60-65°. The take-off speed of the general center of body mass in a step should be 8,80 m s-1 or more. The optimal step duration is 0.450-0.520 s, step length is 5.20-5.50 m, the maximum height of the overall center of body mass is 1.24-1.30 m; upon landing, the speed of the general center of mass of the body is 8.50 m s-1 or more. The third push-off should last 130-166 s. The push-off angle is 63-70°. The take-off speed of the general center of mass of the body in a jump is from 8 m s-1 and more. The optimal duration of the jump is 0.750-0.780 s; maximum height of the overall center of body mass 1,10-1,22 m; upon landing, the speed of the general center of mass of the body is 7 m s-1 or more. When taking off and landing, the angle in the supporting leg throughout all three jumps should be 163-170 ̊

RELATIONSHIPS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST RESULTS AND PLAYER PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN NATIONAL-LEVEL ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS

The aim of the study is to identify the relationships of the results of the physiological and anthropometric tests and special on-ice fitness tests with individual player performance indicators during matches of the Poland men's national ice hockey team played during the U18 Ice Hockey World Championship. A total of 20 hockey players (forwards, n=12 and defensemen, n=8) of the Poland men's national ice hockey team were included in this study. All participants were performed a battery tests including maximal aerobic capacity, Wingate test, Repeated-Skate Sprint test and vertical jump test. Pearson correlations were used to examine any differences in all measures and +/– score. Only the fatigue index calculated from the repeated-skate sprint test was significantly correlated with absolute +/– score (r=0.47, p0.05). The result of the aerobic capacity test, expressed by means of the oxygen intake value (V̇O2max), despite being statistically insignificant, reached the value of r=0.42. The results of this study suggest that game performance as indicated by the +/– score can be predicted by the fatigue index calculated from the repeated-skate sprint test

Evaluation of Structure and Corrosion Behavior of FeAl Alloy after Crystallization, Hot Extrusion and Hot Rolling

The paper presents the results of tests on the corrosion resistance of Fe40Al5Cr0.2TiB alloy after casting, plastic working using extrusion and rolling methods. Examination of the microstructure of the Fe40Al5Cr0.2TiB alloy after casting and after plastic working was performed on an Olympus GX51 light microscope. The stereological relationships of the alloy microstructure in the state after crystallization and after plastic working were determined. The quantitative analysis of the structure was conducted after testing with the EBSD INCA HKL detector and the Nordlys II analysis system (Channel 5), which was equipped with the Hitachi S-3400N microscope. Structure tests and corrosion tests were performed on tests cut perpendicular to the ingot axis, extrusion direction, and rolling direction. As a result of the tests, it was found that the crystallized alloy has better corrosion resistance than plastically processed material. Plastic working increases the intensity of the electrochemical corrosion of the examined alloy. It was found that as-cast alloy is the most resistant to corrosion in a 5% NaCl compared with the alloys after hot extrusion and after hot rolling