232 research outputs found
Analysis of the Professional Aspects of Medical Drugs Industry in the Republic of Serbia in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic
The research subject of this paper is the analysis of the attitudes of employees in pharmaceutical companies towards the business aspects of the pharmaceutical industry during and after the end of the pandemic in the Republic of Serbia. The aim is to examine the differences in the attitudes of employees, as well as to determine which variables predict the situations of endangering the professional reputation of pharmaceutical companies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted by means of a survey during 2021 on a sample of 27 innovative and generic pharmaceutical companies. We used the SPSS program for descriptive statistics analysis, chi square test and binary logistic regression models. The findings show that there is a statistically significant difference in the expressed attitudes of employees in innovative and generic pharmaceutical companies in terms of coming to the office during the pandemic; the lack of medicines and medical devices used in the treatment of COVID-19 infections; the patient access to a chosen doctor; the expectations of the employees to continue working from home after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of the binary regression models show the slowdown in the supply chain, the access to doctors and working from the home office have not been perceived as creating situations of endangering professional reputations, that is, they contribute to the sustainable economic success. On the other hand, the introduction of digital technologies decreases the occurrence of conditions in which their professional reputation has been threatened
The Instruments Used to Assess Health Literacy and Pharmacotherapy Literacy of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients: A Scoping Review
Background: Patients with chronic diseases, like diabetes need to continuously perform tasks associated with self-management especially with medications they use. It is shown that the patients with diabetes with limited HL and PTHL cannot read medication labels correctly, may misuse their medications, spend much more on therapy and generally have difficulties in understanding printed care instructions and perceiving health advice and warnings. There has been an increasing demand for valid and reliable instruments for HL and PTHL assessment in this population. This review aims to search and critically discuss instruments used to assess HL and PTHL in people with type 2 diabetes and propose their use in different settings. Methods: Authors conducted a comprehensive, electronic search of original studies using a structured approach of the Scopus and PubMed databases, during November and the first 2 weeks of December 2020 to find relevant papers. The review was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane guidelines and the reporting was based on the PRISMA-ScR. The comparison of instruments was made by utilizing a comparison model related to their structure, measurement scope, range, psychometric properties, validation, strengths, and limitations. Results: The final number of included studies was 24, extracting the following identified instruments: Korean Functional Test HL, NVS, FCCHL, HLS-EU-47, TOFLHA, S-TOFHLA, REALM-R, 3-brief SQ, REALM, HLQ and DNT-15. In all, FCCHL and 3-brief SQ are shown with the broadest measurement scopes. They are quick, easy, and inexpensive for administration. FCCHL can be considered the most useful and comprehensive instrument to screen for inadequate HL. The limitation is that the English version is not validated. Three-brief SQ has many advantages in comparison to other instruments, including that it is less likely to cause anxiety and shame. These instruments can be considered the best for measuring functional HL in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and other chronic diseases. PTHL instruments (REALM and DNT-15) did not find the best application in this population. Conclusions: The future research should be directed in validation of the FCCHL in English and establishing of the structural validity of this questionnaire. Developing a specific PTHL questionnaire for this population will be of great help in management of their disease
TGFB1 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms in Serbian Asthmatics
Background. Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in airway remodeling in asthma. Objectives. The aim of this study was to analyze common TGFB1 gene promoter polymorphisms C-509T and G-800A in Serbian asthmatics and to investigate their association with exacerbations. Material and Methods. The study involved 102 asthmatics and 58 healthy individuals from Serbia, age and gender matched. An analysis of the TGFB1 promoter was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results. For polymorphism C-509T a significant difference in the allele frequency was observed between the patients and the controls (p = 0.011), while the genotype distribution was similar in the analyzed groups, with statistical significance near the borderline (p = 0.061). For the polymorphism G-800A no difference was observed between the groups. The frequency of the -509TT genotype was higher in patients with exacerbations compared to patients without exacerbations (36.4% vs. 17.0%), with statistical significance near the borderline (p = 0.080). Conclusions. The results suggest that polymorphism C-509T may be associated with asthma and disease exacerbations, while G-800A is not significant for the etiology and clinical course of the disease. These findings should be confirmed in a larger study group, and since the TGFB1 promoter is highly complex and very responsive to environmental factors, future studies should also take other genetic and non-genetic factors into consideration
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Functional, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy Instrument (FCCHL-SR) for Diabetic Patients in Serbia
Thoroughly validated instruments can provide a more accurate and reliable picture of how the instrument works and of the level of health literacy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present work aimed at cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Functional, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy Instrument (FCCHL) in patients with T2DM in Serbia. After translation and back-translation, views from an expert group, one cognitive interview study (n = 10) and one survey study (n = 130) were conducted among samples of diabetic patients. Item analysis, internal consistency, content validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability testing were performed. When all 14 items were analyzed, loading factors were above 0.55, but without adequate model fit. After removing two items with the lowest loadings FHL1 and IHL2 the fit indexes indicated a reasonable normed Ļ2 (SB scaled Ļ2/df = 1.90). CFI was 0.916 with SRMR = 0.0676 and RMSEA = 0.0831. To determine internal consistency, Cronbachās alpha coefficient was 0.796 for the whole FCCHL-SR12. With only minor modifications compared to the English version, the 12-item FCCHL instrument is valid and reliable and can be used to measure health literacy among Serbian diabetic patients. However, future research on a larger population in Serbia is necessary for measuring the levels of HL and their relationship with other determinants in this country
Ionizing irradiation affect extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis in brain of rats in different stages of development: i 15-day-old rats
Ionizing radiation affects plasma membrane functions mediated through transmembrane proteins including enzymes. Plasma membrane surface-located enzyme chain of ecto-nucleotide triphospho diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) are involved in termination of cell purinergic signalization by hydrolysing extracellular adenosine tri- and di-phosphate (ATP and ADP). In the present study, effects of low (50 cGy) and therapeutic (2 Gy) dose of ionizing Ī³-irradiation on NTPDase activity in early postnatal rat brain neuronal cells were studied. Both low- and therapeutic doses significantly decreased hydrolyze of extracellular ATP (by 11% and 30%) and ADP (18% and 46%) in postnatal rats. These findings indicate that gammaradiation inhibits the enzyme activity in dose-dependent manner. This decreasing NTPDase activity 24h after whole body irradiation may lead to neuronal cell function disturbance, even cell death.Physical chemistry 2008 : 9th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 24-28 September 200
Investigating prevalence of beta-2 adrenergic receptors polymorphisms and correlation with therapeutic response in patients with bronchial asthma
Polimorfizmi gena za receptor beta2-adrenergiÄkih (ADRB2) su kliniÄki
relevantni iz nekoliko razloga, ukljuÄujuÄi i kao faktor rizika za nastanak astme,
stepen njene težine, kao i modulacije efikasnosti terapije beta2-agonista. Cilj
ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita povezanost izmeÄu ADRB2 polimorfizama
gena i astme u srpskoj populaciji, te da se proceni terapijski odgovor u odnosu
na ADRB2 genotip.
U istraživanju je uÄestvovalo 171 bolesnika s astmom i 101 zdravih osoba kao
kontrolna grupa.
Genotipizacija Arg16Gly i Gln27Glu polimorfizama je izvedena direktnim
sekvenciranjem prozvoda lanÄane reakcije polimeraze (PCR).
U srpskoj odrasloj populaciji, nosioci 27Gln alela i 27Gln / Gln genotipa su
pokazali veÄi rizik od nastanka astme [(OR) 2.5, 95% interval poverenja (CI) 1,6-
3,8, a OR 3.00, 95% CI 1,7-5,3, odnosno], dok je naÄeno da prisustvo 27Glu alela
i 27Gln / Glu genotip imaju zaŔtitni efekat (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0,3-0,6, ili OR, 0.3,
95% CI 0.1-0.7, respektivno). Nadalje, utvrdili smo da prisustvo 27Gln alela u
astmatiÄara mlaÄih od 50 godina dovodi do boljeg odgovora na terapiju s dugodelujuÄim
beta2-agonistima (LABA) u kombinaciji sa niskim i umerenim
dozama inhalacijskih kortikosteroida (ICS), za razliku od starijih gde nosioci
27Glu alela stariji od 50 godina imaju veÄu verovatnoÄu da Äe bolje odgovoriti
na LABA + ICS terapiju.
U zakljuÄku, identifikovali smo da su u srpskoj odrasloj populaciji 27Gln alel i
homozigotna kombinacija 27Gln faktori rizika za nastanak astme, Ŕto može biti
od kliniÄkog interesa u prevenciji bolesti...Polymorphisms of beta2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) are clinically
relevant for several reasons, including as a risk factor for asthma
development/severity and prediction for the effectiveness of treatment with
beta2-agonists in reducing asthma symptoms. The aim of this study was to
examine the association between ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and asthma in
Serbian population, and to evaluate the therapeutic response in relation to the
ADRB2 genotype.
The study included 171 patients with asthma and 101 healthy subjects as the
control group.
Genotyping of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms was performed by
direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products.
In Serbian adults, carriers of the 27Gln allele and 27Gln/Gln genotype were at
higher risk of asthma [odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-3.8,
and OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.7-5.3, respectively], while the presence of the 27Glu allele
and 27Gln/Glu genotype were found to be protective of asthma (OR 0.4, 95%
CI 0.3-0.6, and OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.7, respectively). Furthermore, we found that
the presence of the 27Gln allele in asthmatics younger than 50 years leads to a
better response to therapy with long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) in
combination with prevailing low and moderate doses of inhaled corticosteroids
(ICS), while carriers of the 27Glu allele over 50 years old are more likely to
respond to LABA + ICS therapy.
We identified that in Serbian adults the 27Gln allele and 27Gln homozygosity
are risk factors for asthma, which may be of clinical interest in disease
prevention..
Creative Ability of Students as a Precondition for the Successful Development of Childrenās Musical Creativity in Teaching Music in Lower Grades of Primary School
The effectiveness of teaching music in lower grades of primary school
depends on competences of pre-service and in-service teachers who have to teach the
subject curriculum. During their formal education, student teachers at pedagogical faculties acquire elementary knowledge of the theory of music and didactic-methodical
competencies, but the important factor of successful teaching has to be their musical-performing and creative abilities. In this paper we examine the musical and creative abilities of student teachers in the final year of their bachelor studies (N = 48), by
analyzing their products within the course of the Methodological Practicum of Music
Teaching. Descriptive method and procedure of qualitative analysis of obtained student
teachersā products in the field of music creation were used. The results show that student teachersā musical and creative abilities and the quality of their creative products
do not exceed the level of curriculum requirements for teaching music in the fourth
grade of primary school. The aim of this paper is to determine the level of creativity
aptitude of student teachers in order to improve it by adequate methodical procedures
and training in order to achieve an optimal level sufficient for developing musical and
creative activities in teaching young children in a regular school context. On the basis
of the obtained results, it can be concluded that frequent neglect of work in the field of
developing childrenās musical creativity in music teaching practice is connected with
teachersā insecurity about their own creative abilities and competencies necessary for
teaching music.Publishe
Globalization and methodology of researches in international trade
The intensive globalization of production at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century led to a significant distortion of statistical data of the volume of international trade. The usage of these data in quantitative research does not provide reliable information regarding the development potential of a particular export route (orientation) or products. The specific methodological procedure has been proposed in order to correct these data, prior to their application in known econometric models. It includes standard procedures for separation of inter-industry from intra-industry trade, and then the differentiation of horizontal and vertical form of intra-industry exchange. In the last step, the disputed value of exports is identified by marking unusual situation of higher export price of undeveloped economies to the developed ones. This is a result of the multiple crossing of the border of the same products. The obtained corrected value of statistical data can be successfully applied in existing econometric models. The methodological procedure was applied to the selected Serbian export groups of products and several of its key export partner countries. The results show that the statistical value of export is 10% to 40% higher than the real one
Farmakoekonomska evaluacija fakoemulzifikacije i ekstrakapsularne ekstrakcije u operaciji katarakte
Background/Aim. Cataract surgery is one of the most often
performed surgical interventions. The predominant method in
Western countries is phacoemulsification, while in developing
countries, the extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) method
remains popular. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cost-
effectiveness of these two cataract surgery techniques from the
providerās perspective if operation complications were the out-
come of the interest. Methods. The data were obtained from
the Department of Ophthalmology of the General Hospital
KruŔevac during a one-year period. A total of 1,179 surgeries
by five surgeons were performed. The cost-effectiveness was
evaluated using the decision tree. All probabilities were calcu-
lated based on the likelihood of the occurrence during the
study period. Only direct costs were considered, and values
were taken from the documentation at the hospital and the of-
ficial price list of health services. One- and two-way sensitivity analyses were performed. Results. The total cost per patient in
the phacoemulsification group was 71,008.70 Serbian dinars
(RSD), while the total cost in the ECCE group was 74,340.36
RSD. At the same time, phacoemulsification shows higher ef-
fectiveness than the ECCE method, with 87% and 57% of pa-
tients without complications, respectively. With these results,
phacoemulsification was the dominant strategy compared to
ECCE. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the results are sen-
sitive to the number of performed operations per year. Con-
clusion. The phacoemulsification technique seems to be the
preferred technique for cataract surgery. All the investment in
phacoemulsification equipment and consumables is justified if
the number of surgeries per year exceeds 350.Uvod/Cilj. Operacija katarakte predstavlja jednu od najÄeÅ”Äe
primenjivanih hirurŔkih intervencija. U zapadnim zemljama,
dominantna tehnika je fakoemulzifikacija, dok je u zemljama u
razvoju najzastupljenija tehnika ekstrakapsularne ekstrakcije
(ECCE). Cilj rada bio je da se proceni ekonomska isplativost te
dve tehnike operacije katarakte iz perspektive pružaoca usluge,
ukoliko se kao ishod posmatraju komplikacije. Metode. Podaci
su dobijeni sa OÄnog odeljenja OpÅ”te bolnice KruÅ”evac tokom
jednogodiŔnjeg perioda. Ukupno je izvedeno 1 179 operacija
od strane pet hirurga. Ekonomska isplativost je procenjena
primenom ādrveta odluÄivanjaā. VerovatnoÄe za dogaÄaje su
izraÄunate na osnovu verovatnoÄe pojavljivanja tokom
navedenog perioda. U analizi su razmatrani samo direktni
troÅ”kovi, a vrednosti su preuzete iz prateÄe dokumentacije i
zvaniÄnog cenovnika zdravstvenih usluga. Sprovedena je
jednosmerna i dvosmerna analiza osetljivosti. Rezultati.Ukupni troŔkovi u grupi koja je bila podvrgnuta
fakoemulzifikaciji iznosili su 71 008.70 srpskih dinara (RSD),
dok su u ECC E grupi oni iznosili 74 340.36 RSD.
Istovremeno, fakoemulzifikacija je pokazala viŔu efikasnost u
odnosu na ECCE, 87% i 57% bolesnika bez komplikacija,
redom. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, fakoemulzifikacija je
bila dominantna strategija u poreÄenju sa ECCE. Analiza
osetljivosti pokazala je da su rezultati osetljivi na broj izvrŔenih
intervencija na godiÅ”njem nivou. ZakljuÄak.
Fakoemulzifikacija je ekonomski isplativija tehnika operacije
katarakte u odnosu na ECCE. Sva ulaganje u opremu i potroŔni
materijal za fakoemulzifikaciju opravdani su ukoliko je broj
izvedenih operacija na godiŔnjem nivou preko 350
Ionizing irradiation affect extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis in brain of rats in different stages of development: ii 30-day-old rats
The effect of acute gamma irradiation (IR) on enzyme activity of rat brain Ecto-Nucleotide Diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase), in presence of adenosine triand diphophashates (ATP and ADP) and divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+), has been investigated. The aim of research was to study the influence of low (50 cGy) and therapeutic (2Gy) doses of whole-body irradiation on rat brain E-NTPDase enzyme activity 24h after treatment in prepubertal and adult rats. Our results suggest that whole-body irradiation could induce modulation of neural activity in rat brain, especially in young rats.Physical chemistry 2008 : 9th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 24-28 September 200
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