Broken symmetry and the variation of critical properties in the phase behaviour of supramolecular rhombus tilings

The degree of randomness, or partial order, present in two-dimensional supramolecular arrays of isophthalate tetracarboxylic acids is shown to vary due to subtle chemical changes such as the choice of solvent or small differences in molecular dimensions. This variation may be quantified using an order parameter and reveals a novel phase behaviour including random tiling with varying critical properties as well as ordered phases dominated by either parallel or non-parallel alignment of neighbouring molecules, consistent with long-standing theoretical studies. The balance between order and randomness is driven by small differences in the intermolecular interaction energies, which we show, using numerical simulations, can be related to the measured order parameter. Significant variations occur even when the energy difference is much less than the thermal energy highlighting the delicate balance between entropic and energetic effects in complex self-assembly processes

A One Health overview, facilitating advances in comparative medicine and translational research.

Table of contentsA1 One health advances and successes in comparative medicine and translational researchCheryl StroudA2 Dendritic cell-targeted gorilla adenoviral vector for cancer vaccination for canine melanomaIgor Dmitriev, Elena Kashentseva, Jeffrey N. Bryan, David T. CurielA3 Viroimmunotherapy for malignant melanoma in the companion dog modelJeffrey N. Bryan, David Curiel, Igor Dmitriev, Elena Kashentseva, Hans Rindt, Carol Reinero, Carolyn J. HenryA4 Of mice and men (and dogs!): development of a commercially licensed xenogeneic DNA vaccine for companion animals with malignant melanomaPhilip J. BergmanA5 Successful immunotherapy with a recombinant HER2-expressing Listeria monocytogenes in dogs with spontaneous osteosarcoma paves the way for advances in pediatric osteosarcomaNicola J. Mason, Josephine S. Gnanandarajah, Julie B. Engiles, Falon Gray, Danielle Laughlin, Anita Gaurnier-Hausser, Anu Wallecha, Margie Huebner, Yvonne PatersonA6 Human clinical development of ADXS-HER2Daniel O'ConnorA7 Leveraging use of data for both human and veterinary benefitLaura S. TremlA8 Biologic replacement of the knee: innovations and early clinical resultsJames P. StannardA9 Mizzou BioJoint Center: a translational success storyJames L. CookA10 University and industry translational partnership: from the lab to commercializationMarc JacobsA11 Beyond docking: an evolutionarily guided OneHealth approach to drug discoveryGerald J. Wyckoff, Lee Likins, Ubadah Sabbagh, Andrew SkaffA12 Challenges and opportunities for data applications in animal health: from precision medicine to precision husbandryAmado S. GuloyA13 A cloud-based programmable platform for healthHarlen D. HaysA14 Comparative oncology: One Health in actionAmy K. LeBlancA15 Companion animal diseases bridge the translational gap for human neurodegenerative diseaseJoan R. Coates, Martin L. Katz, Leslie A. Lyons, Gayle C. Johnson, Gary S. Johnson, Dennis P. O'BrienA16 Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene therapyDongsheng DuanA17 Polycystic kidney disease: cellular mechanisms to emerging therapiesJames P. CalvetA18 The domestic cat as a large animal model for polycystic kidney diseaseLeslie A. Lyons, Barbara GandolfiA19 The support of basic and clinical research by the Polycystic Kidney Disease FoundationDavid A. BaronA20 Using naturally occurring large animal models of human disease to enable clinical translation: treatment of arthritis using autologous stromal vascular fraction in dogsMark L. WeissA21 Regulatory requirements regarding clinical use of human cells, tissues, and tissue-based productsDebra A. WebsterA22 Regenerative medicine approaches to Type 1 diabetes treatmentFrancis N. KaranuA23 The zoobiquity of canine diabetes mellitus, man's best friend is a friend indeed-islet transplantationEdward J. RobbA24 One Medicine: a development model for cellular therapy of diabetesRobert J. Harman

Man of Letters, Literary Lady, Journalist or Reporter?

The enormous changes wrought in the British newspaper industry during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries brought about a revolution in newspaper reading habits, financing and influence, all aspects of which have been well-documented by historians of the press. But what of the contributor, particularly the freelance whose millions of words formed, mostly anonymously, the content of the new mass market press? How did writers negotiate changes in the literary marketplace during this time as editors demanded more ‘news’ and less in the way of whimsical paragraphing, and sketches, the traditional newspaper output of the professional man, or woman, of letters? Through the study of memoirs, correspondence and the fictional output of contributors to the press during this time, it is possible to discern the often fraught relations between writers and their most lucrative market

The polytrauma patient: Current concepts and evolving care

Principles of care in the polytraumatized patient have continued to evolve with advancements in technology. Although hemorrhage has remained a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in acute trauma, emerging strategies that can be applied pre-medical facility as well as in-hospital have continued to improve care. Exo-vascular modalities, including the use of devices to address torso hemorrhage and areas not amenable to traditional tourniquets, have revolutionized prehospital treatment. Endovascular advancements including the resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), have led to dramatic improvements in systolic blood pressure, although not without their own unique complications. Although novel treatment options have continued to emerge, so too have concepts regarding optimal time frames for intervention. Though prior care has focused on Injury Severity Score (ISS) as a marker to determine timing of intervention, current consensus contends that unnecessary delays in fracture care should be avoided, while respecting the complex physiology of certain patient groups that may remain at increased risk for complications. Thromboelastography (TEG) has been one technique that focuses on the unique pathophysiology of each patient, providing guidance for resuscitation in addition to providing information in recognizing the at-risk patient for venous thromboembolism. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has emerged as a therapeutic adjuvant for select trauma patients with significant soft tissue defects and open wounds. With significant advancements in medical technology and improved understanding of patient physiology, the optimal approach to the polytrauma patient continues to evolve

Hazardous drinking in New Zealand sportspeople: level of sporting participation and drinking motives

Aims: To examine the relationship between athlete drinking motives and hazardous drinking across differing levels of sporting participation (club vs elite-provincial vs elite-international). Methods: Data from 1214 New Zealand sportspeople was collected. We assessed hazardous drinking with the WHO\u27s AUDIT questionnaire and sportspeople\u27s psychosocial reasons for drinking with the ADS. Level of sporting participation (club/social, provincial/state, or international/olympic level) was also assessed. Results: Hazardous drinking behaviours differed across levels of sporting participation, with elite-provincial sportspeople showing the highest level of hazardous drinking, club/social sportspeople the next highest and elite-international sportspeople the lowest. Sportspeople who placed a greater emphasis on drinking as a reward for participating in their sports tended to display more hazardous drinking behaviours, but other ADS motives differed over level of sporting participation. Elite-provincial sportspeople and elite-intemational sportspeople placed more emphasis on drinking as a way to cope with the stresses of participating in their sports. A relationship between team/group motives and AUDIT scores was fully mediated by positive reinforcement motives, and partially mediated by stress-related coping motives. Conclusions: These findings have implications for alcohol education programs targeted at sportspeople and sport administration, and may help improve the efficacy and focus of intervention programs

Optimising femoral-head osteochondral allograft transplantation in a preclinical model

Background/Objective: Osteochondral autografting and allografting of the femoral head have been described as treatments for avascular necrosis without segmental collapse, fracture, osteochondritis dissecans, and tumours. One long-term study reported that 80% of nonsteroid-treated patients had successful outcomes. Most data are compiled from small case reports or series. Although these results are encouraging, to the authors’ knowledge, there is no basic scientific evidence regarding optimal graft source or technique reported in the peer-reviewed literature. The objective of this study was to create a translational canine model to compare femoral-head osteochondral autografts and allografts with respect to safety and efficacy. Methods: With Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, skeletally mature hound-mix dogs (n = 6) weighing >20 kg underwent aseptic surgical implantation of osteochondral grafts using a craniolateral approach to the hip, without dislocation. Three graft options were evaluated: small auto (n = 3), 6-mm-diameter autograft from the trochlear ridge of the ipsilateral knee; small allo (n = 3), 6-mm-diameter fresh (21-day storage) allograft from a size-matched canine femoral head; or large allo (n = 3), 14-mm-diameter fresh (21-day storage) allograft from a size-matched canine femoral head. Small grafts were implanted into the same femoral head of three dogs, and large grafts were implanted alone in the other three dogs. The dogs were allowed unrestricted activity in their runs, and were walked on a leash for 15 minutes 5 times/wk. The outcome measures included functional, radiographic, and arthroscopic assessments at 8 weeks, and functional, chondrocyte viability, and histologic assessments at 6 months after surgery. The pre- and postoperative data were compared for statistically significant (p 30-mm diameter) size-matched femoral-head grafts. The radiographic, quality of life, and functional assessments were captured postoperatively. Results: All grafts had >80% chondrocyte viability at the time of implantation. All grafts showed radiographic evidence for integration into host bone. Small auto and small allo showed significant (p 30 mm) was performed in the four human patients. Due to the defect size, three out of the four human patients required two large allografts at the time of implantation. At the time of this manuscript's acceptance, patient follow-up ranged from 4 months to 18 months. All human patients were full weight-bearing without an assistive device, and showed no evidence of graft failure or progressive arthrosis. Conclusion: These data provide initial translational and clinical evidence for large osteochondral allografts as a potential option for functional resurfacing of full-thickness cartilage defects of the femoral head