Microwave-assisted regioselective ring opening of non-activated aziridines by lithium aluminium hydride

A new synthetic protocol for the LiAlH4-promoted reduction of non-activated aziridines under microwave conditions was developed. Thus, ring opening of 2-(acetoxymethyl)aziridines provided the corresponding beta-amino alcohols, which were then used as eligible substrates in the synthesis of 5-methylmorpholin-2-ones via condensation with glyoxal in THF. The same procedure was applied for the preparation of novel 5(R)- and 5(S)-methylmorpholin-2-ones starting from the corresponding enantiopure 2-(hydroxymethyl)aziridines. Additionally, 2-(methoxymethyl)- and 2-(phenoxymethyl)aziridines were treated with LiAlH4 under microwave irradiation, giving rise to either isopropylamines or 1-methoxypropan-2-amines depending on the reaction conditions

Improvement of solubility of disperse materials by the means of the mechanochemical treatment

Poster presented at the 12th Annual Conference of the Materials Research Society of Serbia - YUCOMAT 2010, Herceg Novi, Montenegro, 6–10. septembar 2010

STAGE 5 RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN ONE EYE – CASE REPORT

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in children and one of the most important reasons of blindness in the perinatal period. The aim of the paper was to present a nine-month-old baby boy with esotropia, microphtalmos and completely detached retina in one eye, as the end stage of the disease, who had not been checked for ROP. The boy was born in the 32nd gestational week, with 1670 g birth weight. Indirect ophthalmoscope examination and ultrasonography of the left eye showed stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity. On the right eye, the finding was valid. Retinopathy of prematurity today needs recognition, understanding and awareness among ophthalmologists, pediatricians, neonatologists. Early diagnosis of damage is important in the treatment of ROP

Investigation the influence of mechanochemical processing on solubility of verapamil hydrochloride

Rastvorljivost lekova predstavlja veoma važno svojstvo koje direktno utiče na njihovu primenu. S obzirom na činjenicu da rastvorljivost može delovati kao ograničavajući faktor u procesu apsorpcije leka, takođe može uticati i na njegovu bioraspoloživost. Više od 40% potencijalnih lekova su slabo rastvorni u vodi što ima za posledicu da važni farmaceutski proizvodi ne ostvare komercijalnu primenu ili ne postižu svoj potpuni potencijal. U ovom radu ispitivana je mogućnost poboljšanja rastvorljivosti verapamil hidrohlorida (VHCl) primenom mehanohemijskog tretmana. Uticaj mehanohemijskog procesiranja na fizičkohemijska svojstva VHCl-a ispitan je primenom metoda XRPD, FTIR i Ramanske spektroskopije, kao i FESEM analize. Osim toga, određena je i raspodela veličina čestica. Rastvorljivost VHCl prahova nakon mehanohemijskog procesiranja određena je UV-Vis spektrofotometrijom. Konačno, rastvorljivost VHCl je korelisana sa srednjom veličinom čestica, strukturnim i morfološkim karakteristikama.Dissolution of drugs is a very important factor that directly affects their potential application. Due to the fact that solubility may act as a limiting factor in the process of absorption of the drug, it can also affect its bio-availableness. More than 40 percent of potential drugs have a property of a poor solubility in the water, resulting in potentially important pharmaceutical products not reaching patients or reaching their full potential. This work examined the possibility of improving the solubility of verapamil hydrochloride (VHCl) by applying mechanochemical treatment. The impact of mechanochemical treatment on physiochemical properties was comprehended by applying XRPD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, as well as FESEM analysis. Besides, particle size distribution was determined. Solubility of verapamil hydrochloride was determined by using UV-VIS spectroscopy. Finally, the solubility of verapamil hydrochloride was correlated with particle size distribution, structural and morphological characteristics

Sarkocistioza pasa u nekim regionima Srbije

The results of an investigation related to Sarcocystis spp. infection of dogs in Serbia are presented in this paper, for the first time after 25 years. In order to investigate the prevalence of sarcocystiosis in dogs, 448 dogs were examined. Considering feeding and living conditions, the dogs were divided in to 5 categories (city dogs - 100, village dogs - 188, dogs from a shelter - 54, military dog farm - 42 and dogs from private kennels - 64). Considering age, they were divided in to four groups (puppies - 49, young dogs 6 months to 1 year of age - 86, 1-3 year old dogs -117 and 196 dogs older than 3 years). The results obtained show that 2.46% (11/448) of the examined dogs were positive. Significant differences in the presence of sporocysts were established among the categories. The highest rate of positive cases was found in the dogs from the shelter (5.56%), followed by village dogs (3.72%) and there was no difference between these categories. There was a 1% positive rate among city dogs, while there were no positive animals in the remaining two categories. Considering age, significant differences were detected among all groups in respect to the presence of infected dogs (p lt 0.10). The highest rate was found in the group of dogs older than 3 years (4.59%), then in the group of dogs aged 1-3 years (1.71%), while there were no positive animals in the other two groups.U ovom radu se prvi put u poslednjih 25 godina iznose rezultati ispitivanja infekcije pasa sa Sarcocystis spp. u Srbiji. U cilju ispitivanja rasprostranjenosti sarkocistioze kod pasa, ukupno je ispitano 448 pasa koji su prema uslovima držanja i načinu ishrane podeljeni u 5 kategorija (gradski psi - 100; seoski psi - 188; psi iz prihvatnog centra - 54; psi iz vojne odgajivačnice - 42; psi iz privatnih odgajivačnica - 64), a prema starosti u 4 starosne grupe (štenad - 49, mladi psi od 6 meseci do 1 godine - 86; psi od 1 do 3 godine - 117; psi stariji od 3 godine - 196 pasa). Ustanovljena je prevalenca infekcije od 2.46% (11/448). Između ispitivanih kategorija su ustanovljene značajne razlike (p lt 0.15) u pogledu pozitivnih nalaza. Najveći procenat pozitivnih jedinki je ustanovljen u kategoriji pasa iz prihvatnog centra (5.56%), a zatim u kategoriji seoskih pasa (3.72%), a između ovih kategorija nisu utvrđene značajne razlike. U kategoriji gradskih pasa je ustanovljen 1% pozitivnih jedinki, dok u preostale dve kategorije nije bilo pozitivnih slučajeva. Uzimajući u obzir starost ispitivanih pasa ustanovljene su značajne razlike u pogledu prisustva sporocista u fecesu ispitivanih pasa (p lt 0.10). Najveći procenat pozitivnih nalaza je ustanovljen u grupi pasa starijih od 3 godine (4.59%), zatim u grupi pasa u starosti 1-3 godine (1.71%), dok u preostale dve starosne grupe nije bilo pozitivnih slučajeva

Solvent-controlled selective transformation of 2-Bromomethyl-2-methylaziridines to functionalized Aziridines and Azetidines

The reactivity of 2-bromomethyl-2-methylaziridines toward oxygen, sulfur, and carbon nucleophiles in different solvent systems was investigated. Remarkably, the choice of the solvent has a profound influence on the reaction outcome, enabling the selective formation of either functionalized aziridines in dimethylformamide (through direct bromide displacement) or azetidines in acetonitrile (through rearrangement via a bicyclic aziridinium intermediate). In addition, the experimentally observed solvent-dependent behavior of 2-bromomethy1-2-methylaziridines was further supported by means of DFT calculations

Varijabilnost patogenih svojstava Fusarium spp. poreklom iz zrna kukuruza i pšenice

Differences in the pathogenicity of 93 isolates of seven species belonging to the genus Fusarium (F. graminearum, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum and F. equiseti), originating from maize kernels (61) and wheat grains (32), were examined based on the germination percentage of inoculated seeds. The studied species demonstrated inter- and intraspecies variability regarding the effects on maize seed germination. On the average, the greatest germination reduction was found in seeds inoculated with the spore suspensions of F. sporotrichioides and F. graminearum. A similar reduction was detected in seeds inoculated with F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans. The effect of F. subglutinans on seed germination reduction was higher compared to the two latter species, while the effects of F. semitectum and F. equiseti were smallest. The majority of isolates were of moderate pathogenicity, while the lowest number of isolates was either very pathogenic (7) or apathogenic (10). Pathogenicity of the isolates originating from wheat grains was generally lower than the pathogenicity of isolates originating from maize kernels, with the exception of F. sporotrichioides.Razlike u patogenost 93 izolata sedam vrsta roda Fusarium (F. graminearum, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum i F. equiseti), poreklom iz zrna kukuruza (61) i pšenice (32), proučavane su na osnovu procenta klijavosti inokulisanog semena. Ispitivane vrste ispoljile su inter- i intraspecijsku varijabilnost u pogledu uticaja na klijavost semena kukuruza. U proseku, najveće smanjenje klijavosti je utvrđeno kod inokulacije semena suspenzijom spora F. sporotrichioides i F. graminearum, a zatim, približno isto, kod inokulacija semena pomoću F. proliferatum i F. subglutinans. F. verticillioides je, u poređenju sa ove dve poslednje vrste, značajnije uticala na smanjenje klijavosti semena, dok su najmanje uticale vrste F. semitectum i F. equiseti. Većina izolata je bila srednje patogenosti, a najmanji broj je bio jako patogen (7) ili apatogen (10). Izolati poreklom iz zrna pšenice bili su slabije patogenosti od izolata poreklom iz zrna kukuruza, sa izuzetkom F. sporotrichioides

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in a Patient with Metabolic Syndrome X

Purpose: To report a case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in a patient with metabolic syndrome X. Case Report: A 64 year-old-man presented with abrupt, painless, and severe loss of vision in his left eye. Indirect ophthalmoscopy disclosed signs compatible with CRAO and laboratory investigations revealed erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 74 mm/h, C-reactive protein (CRP) level of 21 mg/l, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Fluorescein angiography and immunological studies excluded other systemic disorders. The patient met the full criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program for metabolic syndrome X. Conclusion: In addition to different vascular complications such as stroke, and cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome X may be associated with retinal vascular occlusions