Interstate Enforcement of Arbitration Awards and Judgments

In Arbitration, if completed, results in an award. That award must be enforced. In order to do so, it is necessary to enter judgment with respect thereto. The first problem is the acquisition of personal jurisdiction over the defendant for this purpose, in the event that it has not already been acquired previously in connection with proceedings to compel arbitration. The subject of acquiring jurisdiction will not be dealt with in this note because it does not differ too much from the general problems of acquiring jurisdiction in personam with respect to proceedings to compel jurisdiction. We shall therefore be concerned particularly with the problems of conflicts of laws in the enforcement of the award or judgment on the award

Quantificação não destrutiva do contéudo de clorofilas em folhas de milho através de método colorimétrico.

Este trabalho foi conduzido visando avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de um colorímetro, como alternativa ao medidor de clorofila para a quantificação não destrutiva de clorofilas em folhas de milho.Suplemento. Trabalho apresentado no 52. Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura, Salvador, 2012

Upholding a role for EMT in pancreatic cancer metastasis

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular program that operates in the context of embryogenesis, wound healing and carcinoma pathogenesis to drive epithelial cells towards a mesenchymal state. During carcinoma progression, EMT enables the cells forming these tumours to acquire the traits of highly malignant cells, notably motility, invasiveness and an ability to disseminate to form distant metastases. Indeed, a number of published reports have associated EMT with a variety of malignant carcinoma cells. Recently, however, Zheng et al.1 reported that in genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma development, carcinoma cells could metastasize without activating EMT programs. Their conclusions, if sustained by the evidence presented, would prompt a major change in how we conceptualize malignant progression and metastasis of carcinoma cells, including the neoplastic cells in human carcinomas

The BID Domain of Type IV Secretion Substrates Forms a Conserved Four-Helix Bundle Topped with a Hook

The BID (Bep intracellular delivery) domain functions as secretion signal in a subfamily of protein substrates of bacterial type IV secretion (T4S) systems. It mediates transfer of (1) relaxases and the attached DNA during bacterial conjugation, and (2) numerous Bartonella effector proteins (Beps) during protein transfer into host cells infected by pathogenic Bartonella species. Furthermore, BID domains of Beps have often evolved secondary effector functions within host cells. Here, we provide crystal structures for three representative BID domains and describe a novel conserved fold characterized by a compact, antiparallel four-helix bundle topped with a hook. The conserved hydrophobic core provides a rigid scaffold to a surface that, despite a few conserved exposed residues and similarities in charge distribution, displays significant variability. We propose that the genuine function of BID domains as T4S signal may primarily depend on their rigid structure, while the plasticity of their surface may facilitate adaptation to secondary effector functions

ROSAT Evidence for Intrinsic Oxygen Absorption in Cooling Flow Galaxies and Groups

Using spatially resolved, deprojected ROSAT PSPC spectra of 10 of the brightest cooling flow galaxies and groups with low Galactic column densities we have detected intrinsic absorption over energies ~0.4-0.8 keV in half of the sample. Since no intrinsic absorption is indicated for energies below ~0.4 keV, the most reasonable model for the absorber is collisionally ionized gas at temperatures T=10^{5-6} K with most of the absorption arising from ionized states of oxygen but with a significant contribution from carbon and nitrogen. The soft X-ray emission of this warm gas can explain the sub-Galactic column densities of cold gas inferred within the central regions of most of the systems. Attributing the absorption to ionized gas reconciles the large columns of cold H and He inferred from EINSTEIN and ASCA with the lack of such columns inferred from ROSAT. Within the central ~10-20 kpc, where the constraints are most secure, the estimated mass of the ionized absorber is consistent with most (perhaps all) of the matter deposited by a cooling flow over the lifetime of the flow. Since the warm absorber produces no significant H or He absorption the large absorber masses are consistent with the negligible atomic and molecular H inferred from HI and CO observations of cooling flows. It is also found that if T > ~2x10^5 K then the optical and UV emission implied by the warm gas does not violate published constraints. Finally, we discuss how the prediction of warm ionized gas as the product of mass drop-out in these and other cooling flows can be verified with new CHANDRA and XMM observations. (Abridged)Comment: 17 pages (5 figures), Accepted for publication in ApJ, expanded discussion of multiphase spectral models, theoretical implications of warm gas in cooling flows, and the statistical significance of the oxygen absorptio

Radio Sources in Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei. I. VLA Detections of Compact, Flat-Spectrum Cores

We report a 0.2" resolution, 15 GHz survey of a sample of 48 low-luminosity active galactic nuclei with the Very Large Array. Compact radio emission has been detected in 57% (17 of 30) of LINERs and low-luminosity Seyferts, at least 15 of which have a flat to inverted radio spectrum (alpha > -0.3). The compact radio cores are found in both type 1 (i.e. with broad Halpha) and type 2 (without broad Halpha) nuclei. The 2 cm radio power is significantly correlated with the emission-line ([OI] lambda6300) luminosity. While the present observations are consistent with the radio emission originating in star-forming regions, higher resolution radio observations of 10 of the detected sources, reported in a companion paper (Falcke et al. 2000), show that the cores are very compact (= 10^8K) and probably synchrotron self-absorbed, ruling out a starburst origin. Thus, our results suggest that at least 50% of low-luminosity Seyferts and LINERs in the sample are accretion powered, with the radio emission presumably coming from jets or advection-dominated accretion flows. We have detected only 1 of 18 `transition' (i.e. LINER + HII) nuclei observed, indicating their radio cores are significantly weaker than those of `pure' LINERs.Comment: To appear in the Astrophysical Journal, October 20, 200

A detector module with highly efficient surface-alpha event rejection operated in CRESST-II Phase 2

The cryogenic dark matter experiment CRESST-II aims at the direct detection of WIMPs via elastic scattering off nuclei in scintillating CaWO$_4$ crystals. We present a new, highly improved, detector design installed in the current run of CRESST-II Phase 2 with an efficient active rejection of surface-alpha backgrounds. Using CaWO$_4$ sticks instead of metal clamps to hold the target crystal, a detector housing with fully-scintillating inner surface could be realized. The presented detector (TUM40) provides an excellent threshold of ${\sim}\,0.60\,$keV and a resolution of $\sigma\,{\approx}\,0.090$ keV (at 2.60$\,$keV). With significantly reduced background levels, TUM40 sets stringent limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section and probes a new region of parameter space for WIMP masses below 3$\,$GeV/c$^2$. In this paper, we discuss the novel detector design and the surface-alpha event rejection in detail.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

AGN feedback and gas mixing in the core of NGC 4636

Chandra observations of NGC 4636 show disturbances in the galaxy X-ray halo, including arm-like high surface brightness features (tentatively identified as AGN driven shocks) and a possible cavity on the west side of the galaxy core. We present Chandra and XMM spectral maps of NGC 4636 which confirm the presence of the cavity and show it to be bounded by the arm features. The maps also reveal a ~15 kpc wide plume of low temperature, high abundance gas extending 25-30 kpc to the southwest of the galaxy. The cavity appears to be embedded in this plume, and we interpret the structure as being entrained gas drawn out of the galaxy core during previous episodes of AGN activity. The end of the plume is marked by a well defined edge, with significant falls in surface brightness, temperature and abundance, indicating a boundary between galaxy and group/cluster gas. This may be evidence that as well as preventing gas cooling through direct heating, AGN outbursts can produce significant gas mixing, disturbing the temperature structure of the halo and transporting metals out from the galaxy into the surrounding intra-group medium.Comment: 4 Pages, 2 colour figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. Version with high quality images at http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~ejos/files/N4636_hires.pd

Mid-infrared colour gradients and the colour-magnitude relation in Virgo early-type galaxies

We make use of Spitzer imaging between 4 and 16 micron and near-infrared data at 2.2 micron to investigate the nature and distribution of the mid-infrared emission in a sample of early-type galaxies in the Virgo cluster. These data allow us to conclude, with some confidence, that the emission at 16 micron in passive ETGs is stellar in origin, consistent with previous work concluding that the excess mid-infrared emission comes from the dusty envelopes around evolved AGB stars. There is little evidence for the mid-infrared emission of an unresolved central component, as might arise in the presence of a dusty torus associated with a low-luminosity AGN. We nonetheless find that the 16 micron emission is more centrally peaked than the near-infrared emission, implying a radial stellar population gradient. By comparing with independent evidence from studies at optical wavelengths, we conclude that a metallicity that falls with increasing radius is the principal driver of the observed gradient. We also plot the mid-infrared colour-magnitude diagram and combine with similar work on the Coma cluster to define the colour-magnitude relation for absolute K-band magnitudes from -26 to -19. Because a correlation between mass and age would produce a relation with a gradient in the opposite sense to that observed, we conclude that the relation reflects the fact that passive ETGs of lower mass also have a lower average metallicity. The colour-magnitude relation is thus driven by metallicity effects. In contrast to what is found in Coma, we do not find any objects with anomalously bright 16 micron emission relative to the colour-magnitude relation. Although there is little overlap in the mass ranges probed in the two clusters, this may suggest that observable ``rejuvenation'' episodes are limited to intermediate mass objects.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure