Increase in whole-body peripheral vascular resistance during three hours of air or oxygen prebreathing

Male and female subjects prebreathed air or 100% oxygen through a mask for 3.0 hours while comfortably reclined. Blood pressures, heart rate, and cardiac output were collected before and after the prebreathe. Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) was calculated from these parameters and increased by 29% during oxygen prebreathing and 15% during air prebreathing. The oxygen contributed substantially to the increase in PVR. Diastolic blood pressure increased by 18% during the oxygen prebreathe while stystolic blood pressure showed no change under either procedure. The increase in PVR during air prebreathing was attributed to procedural stress common to air and oxygen prebreathing

Kansas

2019 provided no shortage of excitement, as there were more oil and gas opinions issued by the Kansas Supreme Court than in a usual year. These cases will be the main focus of this Survey, as there are no major legislative developments to report for this year. The first case decided whether the common-law rule against perpetuities should be applied to exceptions of defeasible term mineral interests. The second case is “yet another round in [a] high-dollar subsurface prize fight” about who has the right to gas that has escaped from an under- ground natural gas storage facility. The third case analyzes whether the misappropriation of royalty payments gives rise to a claim of adverse possession. Additionally, the Kansas Court of Appeals released an oil and gas opinion, which will be briefly discussed

The Crystal Structure of a Photodimer of 1,4-Epoxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene

The crystal structure of a photodimer of l,4-epoxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene, with empirical formula C_(20)H_(16)O_2, has been determined by the application of direct methods. Three-dimensional data were collected on a Datex-automated General Electric diffractometer to a minimum spacing of 1·0 Å. The coordinates of all atoms in the molecule, the isotropic temperature factors for the hydrogen atoms, and the anisotropic temperature factors for the other atoms were refined by the method of least squares. The final R index was 0·027. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pcɑ2_1 with ɑ = 16-52, b = 7·975 and c= 10·58 Å. Of four possible configurations, the molecule of the photodimer has the exotrans-exo configuration. Despite the lack of a center of symmetry in the space group, the molecule is centrosymmetric almost within experimental error

A comparative analysis of the performance of long-range hypervelocity vehicles

Long-range hypervelocity vehicles are studied in terms of their motion in powered flight, and their motion and aerodynamic heating in unpowered flight. Powered flight is analyzed for an idealized propulsion system which rather closely approaches present-day rocket motors. Unpowered flight is characterized by a return to earth along a ballistic, skip, or glide trajectory. Only those trajectories are treated which yield the maximum range for a given velocity at the end of powered flight. Aerodynamic heating is treated in a manner similar to that employed previously by the senior authors is studying ballistic missiles (NACA RM A53D28), with the exception that radiant as well as convective heat transfer is considered in connection with glide and skip vehicles. The ballistic vehicle is found to be the least efficient of the several types studied in the sense that it generally requires the highest velocity at the end of powered flight in order to attain a given range. This disadvantage may be offset, however, by reducing convective heat transfer to the re-entry body through the artifice of increasing pressure drag in relation to friction drag - that is, by using a blunt body. Thus the kinetic energy required by the vehicle at the end of powered flight may be reduced by minimizing the mass of coolant material involved

Postnatal Experiences Influence How the Brain Integrates Information from Different Senses

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is characterized by anomalous reactions to, and integration of, sensory cues. Although the underlying etiology of SPD is unknown, one brain region likely to reflect these sensory and behavioral anomalies is the superior colliculus (SC), a structure involved in the synthesis of information from multiple sensory modalities and the control of overt orientation responses. In the present review we describe normal functional properties of this structure, the manner in which its individual neurons integrate cues from different senses, and the overt SC-mediated behaviors that are believed to manifest this “multisensory integration.” Of particular interest here is how SC neurons develop their capacity to engage in multisensory integration during early postnatal life as a consequence of early sensory experience, and the intimate communication between cortex and the midbrain that makes this developmental process possible

The Crystal Structure of a Photodimer of 1,4-Epoxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene

The crystal structure of a photodimer of l,4-epoxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene, with empirical formula C_(20)H_(16)O_2, has been determined by the application of direct methods. Three-dimensional data were collected on a Datex-automated General Electric diffractometer to a minimum spacing of 1·0 Å. The coordinates of all atoms in the molecule, the isotropic temperature factors for the hydrogen atoms, and the anisotropic temperature factors for the other atoms were refined by the method of least squares. The final R index was 0·027. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pcɑ2_1 with ɑ = 16-52, b = 7·975 and c= 10·58 Å. Of four possible configurations, the molecule of the photodimer has the exotrans-exo configuration. Despite the lack of a center of symmetry in the space group, the molecule is centrosymmetric almost within experimental error

Chimpanzees Share Forbidden Fruit

The sharing of wild plant foods is infrequent in chimpanzees, but in chimpanzee communities that engage in hunting, meat is frequently used as a ‘social tool’ for nurturing alliances and social bonds. Here we report the only recorded example of regular sharing of plant foods by unrelated, non-provisioned wild chimpanzees, and the contexts in which these sharing behaviours occur. From direct observations, adult chimpanzees at Bossou (Republic of Guinea, West Africa) very rarely transferred wild plant foods. In contrast, they shared cultivated plant foods much more frequently (58 out of 59 food sharing events). Sharing primarily consists of adult males allowing reproductively cycling females to take food that they possess. We propose that hypotheses focussing on ‘food-for-sex and -grooming’ and ‘showing-off’ strategies plausibly account for observed sharing behaviours. A changing human-dominated landscape presents chimpanzees with fresh challenges, and our observations suggest that crop-raiding provides adult male chimpanzees at Bossou with highly desirable food commodities that may be traded for other currencies