Collection of exhaled breath and exhaled breath condensate in veterinary medicine: a review

Collection of exhaled breath (EB) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive method for obtaining samples from the lower airways. While this technique has been well established for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract diseases in human medicine, only a few studies have been performed in veterinary medicine. This article critically reviews the collection methods and parameter values measured in various animal species published to date and points out directions for further research