The Science and Sociology of Hunting: Shifting Practices and Perceptions in the United States and Great Britain

Between the late nineteenth and early twenty-first centuries, both the rationale for and perception of hunting shifted in the United States, coinciding with demographic changes in the U.S. population (Duda 1993). Similar changes in attitude, though largely undocumented, probably occurred in the United Kingdom. (For example, foxhunting did not emerge as a substantial sport until the second half of the eighteenth century; before that, foxes were widely perceived as pests and killed whenever the opportunity arose [Marvin 2000]). Our purpose in this chapter is to compare these two countries in order to reveal some of the science and the sociology relevant to hunting (the latter just one of many interacting environmental issues about which human society faces complicated judgments within rapidly shifting political and cultural areas)

Changes in land use and land value in an inner medium to high status residential suburb, Melbourne-South Yarra: a methodological analysis

It is a pleasure to record my acknowledgement of thanks to those who have helped me in the preparation of this study. Firstly I should like to thank my supervisor Mr. W.S. Logan for his guidance. The staff of the Melbourne City Council Valuer's Department have been very kind in allowing me to spend long hours in their office whilst collecting data. Mr. G. Jacoby of Interplant and his staff have also been very kind in this regard. I should also like to thank Mr. J. Stewart, for assisting me with the computer programming, and to those friends who helped punch some of the computer cards. I also appreciate those who have readily corresponded with me from other universities, these people are listed in Appendix1

Social behavior, foraging, and reproduction in female yellow -bellied marmots (<italic>Marmota flaviventris</italic>).

I studied the behavioral ecology of female yellow-bellied marmots ( Marmota flaviventris) for four field seasons (1997--2000) in the White Mountains of California. In Chapter One, I reviewed theories of ecological and life-history variables that may predict various aspects of sociality in sciurids (Rodentia). In Chapter Two, I examined the distribution of food (vegetation), diet composition, and choice of foraging areas by female marmots. Clover and other marmot food plants were distributed in patches within continuous meadow habitat. Marmots overwhelmingly ingested forbs over graminoids, and particularly ingested clover (Trifolium andersonii) despite its rarity. In Chapter Three, I showed that, although agonistic interactions were rare in this population, there was evidence that females engaged in contest competition over food. Clover availability was associated with female body condition (rate of increase in body mass index), but only for relatively isolated females. Female body condition one year predicted whether a female would wean young (non-significant) and the condition of her offspring the following year. I also investigated whether social factors were associated with female reproductive output. Crowded females (low mean inter-burrow distance) had lower body condition and were less likely to wean offspring the following year, compared with relatively isolated females. Among females that did wean young, those females that lived or foraged farther from other females, engaged in lower rates of agonistic interactions, or lived near close female relatives, weaned heavier offspring. Collectively, these results shed light on the effect of social and nutritional factors on female reproductive success. In Chapter Four, I analyzed patterns of spatial and behavioral association among female marmots to determine whether behavioral association among females in this population is a function of relatedness, as it is elsewhere. To estimate genetic relatedness between females, colleagues analyzed microsatellite DNA extracted from hair samples and I determined whether estimated coefficients of relatedness predicted patterns of dyadic association. I found no evidence that females in my population preferentially associate with close female kin. I suggest that differences in habitat heterogeneity, intensity of competition over resources, or climate may explain differences in sociality among populations of M. flaviventris.Ph.D.Biological SciencesPsychobiologyPsychologyZoologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/128689/2/3029436.pd

The Science and Sociology of Hunting: Shifting Practices and Perceptions in the United States and Great Britain

Between the late nineteenth and early twenty-first centuries, both the rationale for and perception of hunting shifted in the United States, coinciding with demographic changes in the U.S. population (Duda 1993). Similar changes in attitude, though largely undocumented, probably occurred in the United Kingdom. (For example, foxhunting did not emerge as a substantial sport until the second half of the eighteenth century; before that, foxes were widely perceived as pests and killed whenever the opportunity arose [Marvin 2000]). Our purpose in this chapter is to compare these two countries in order to reveal some of the science and the sociology relevant to hunting (the latter just one of many interacting environmental issues about which human society faces complicated judgments within rapidly shifting political and cultural areas)

Therapy implications of child abuse in multi-risk families

Objectives: Our aim is to critique Australian child maltreatment policy, outline abuse trends and provide data on family risk factors. Method: We identified policy gaps and reviewed family profiles within selective child maltreatment databases. Data sources included international and Australian literature, Queensland Department of Child Safety reports and a research clinical database. Results: Data reviewed suggest that a pattern of co-occurring complex multiple system family problems characterize substantiated abuse cases. Conclusions: The presence of multiple family problems suggests the need for a new treatment paradigm. Multisystemic Therapy for child physical abuse and neglect is an evidence-based intervention that matches the therapeutic needs of such families