The potential association between gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory mediators and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review

Objectives: The association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO), primarily preterm birth (PTB), is still controversially discussed in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review was to analyze the existing literature on the potential association between inflammatory mediators detected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and APO. Materials and methods: MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases were searched for entries up to April 2012 and studies were selected by two independent reviewers. Results: The majority of the eight studies included confirmed a positive association between GCF mediators, such as interleukin-1β, prostaglandin E2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and APO. Due to the heterogeneity and variability of the available studies, no meta-analysis could be performed. Conclusions: A positive association between GCF inflammatory mediator levels and APO/PTB might be present but the results need to be considered with great caution because of the heterogeneity and variability among the studies. Further studies with an adequate number of patients allowing for an appropriate analysis are warranted to definitely confirm this association. Clinical relevance: The present findings suggest that an association between GCF inflammatory mediator levels and APO might exis

The potential association between gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory mediators and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review

OBJECTIVES The association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO), primarily preterm birth (PTB), is still controversially discussed in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review was to analyze the existing literature on the potential association between inflammatory mediators detected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and APO. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases were searched for entries up to April 2012 and studies were selected by two independent reviewers. RESULTS The majority of the eight studies included confirmed a positive association between GCF mediators, such as interleukin-1β, prostaglandin E2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and APO. Due to the heterogeneity and variability of the available studies, no meta-analysis could be performed. CONCLUSIONS A positive association between GCF inflammatory mediator levels and APO/PTB might be present but the results need to be considered with great caution because of the heterogeneity and variability among the studies. Further studies with an adequate number of patients allowing for an appropriate analysis are warranted to definitely confirm this association. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present findings suggest that an association between GCF inflammatory mediator levels and APO might exist

Dental visits, oral hygiene behaviour, and orthodontic treatment in Switzerland

Since the first survey in 1992/93, the Swiss Health Survey (SHS) has been repeated every 5 years (1997, 2002 and 2007). In the present study, dental visits (dental care utilisation within the last 12 months), oral hygiene measures and the frequency of orthodontic treatments in the Swiss population in 2002 were examined and dental visits were compared with the years 1992/93, 1997 and 2007. Weighted data were analysed regarding different sociodemographic factors. From 1992 to 2002, dental visits among the 15-74-year-old declined continuously (1992/93: 70%, 1997: 66%, 2002: 63%), whereas in 2007 a slight increase (66%) was documented. In the survey from 2002, a large proportion (74%) of the population stated to clean their teeth or prostheses several times a day, predominantly with a manual toothbrush, whereas 28% applied an electric toothbrush and almost half of the respondents also used dental floss or toothpicks. Fewer visits and less intensive oral hygiene measures were observed among the elderly, men, weak social strata, smokers, persons with more than 8 missing teeth and in the group with removable dentures. Almost a quarter of the population had orthodontic treatment with the highest proportion among the 15-24-year-old (56%)

Systemic Inflammation in Pregnant Women With Periodontitis and Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case-Control Study.

Aims: Periodontal disease is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, but the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism is still unknown. In this prospective, longitudinal, non-interventional case-control study, 45 women with preterm premature rupture of membranes and 26 controls with uncomplicated pregnancies were examined at three time-points (T1: 20-34 weeks of gestations; T2: within 48 h after delivery; T3: 4-6 weeks post partum). Examinations included subgingival, blood, vaginal, and placenta sampling for microbiologic, cytokine, and histology assessment. Objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that systemic inflammatory changes and not specific bacteria are predominantly involved in the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcome. Results: Demographic data and gestational age at T1 were comparable between groups. While there was no correlation between vaginal and gingival fluid microbiome, cytokine levels in the assessed compartments differed between cases, and controls. Vaginal smears did not show a higher rate of abnormal flora in the cases at the onset of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Number and variety of bacteria in the case group placental membranes and vagina were higher, but these bacteria were not found in membranes at birth. Conclusions: On the basis of our results we speculate that an inflammatory pathway sequentially involving periodontal tissue, maternal serum, and finally vaginal compartment contributes to the underlying pathomechanism involved in preterm premature rupture of membranes associated with periodontitis

Increased periodontal inflammation in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes

Objectives: To evaluate possible differences in periodontal inflammatory, microbiological and clinical parameters between women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and controls with uncomplicated pregnancies. Materials and methods: Fifty-six women (32 test (PPROM) and 24 controls (uncomplicated pregnancies)) were examined at three time-points (T1: gestational weeks 20-35, T2: within 48h after parturition, T3: 4-6weeks after parturition). The examinations included assessment of the Periodontal Screening Index, collection of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival as well as vaginal bacterial sampling. Results: Periodontal inflammation was found to be higher in the test compared with the control group (p  0.05) in prevalence of bacteria, but a decrease in subgingival periodontopathogens from T1 to T2 in the test group (p  0.05). In women with PPROM, GCF levels of IL-8 (p < 0.05) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.05) were lower and IL-10 levels higher (p < 0.05) compared with controls. Conclusions: Periodontal inflammation is elevated during pregnancy and seems to be more pronounced in women with PPROM. Clinical relevance: The findings of the present study revealed an association between periodontal inflammation and PPROM, thus emphasizing the importance of optimizing self-performed oral hygiene in pregnant women

Increased periodontal inflammation in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes

OBJECTIVES To evaluate possible differences in periodontal inflammatory, microbiological and clinical parameters between women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and controls with uncomplicated pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six women (32 test (PPROM) and 24 controls (uncomplicated pregnancies)) were examined at three time-points (T1: gestational weeks 20-35, T2: within 48 h after parturition, T3: 4-6 weeks after parturition). The examinations included assessment of the Periodontal Screening Index, collection of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival as well as vaginal bacterial sampling. RESULTS Periodontal inflammation was found to be higher in the test compared with the control group (p  0.05) in prevalence of bacteria, but a decrease in subgingival periodontopathogens from T1 to T2 in the test group (p  0.05). In women with PPROM, GCF levels of IL-8 (p < 0.05) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.05) were lower and IL-10 levels higher (p < 0.05) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal inflammation is elevated during pregnancy and seems to be more pronounced in women with PPROM. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings of the present study revealed an association between periodontal inflammation and PPROM, thus emphasizing the importance of optimizing self-performed oral hygiene in pregnant women

Recurrent fusions in PLAGL1 define a distinct subset of pediatric-type supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors

Ependymomas encompass a heterogeneous group of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms that occur along the entire neuroaxis. In recent years, extensive (epi-)genomic profiling efforts have identified several molecular groups of ependymoma that are characterized by distinct molecular alterations and/or patterns. Based on unsupervised visualization of a large cohort of genome-wide DNA methylation data, we identified a highly distinct group of pediatric-type tumors (n = 40) forming a cluster separate from all established CNS tumor types, of which a high proportion were histopathologically diagnosed as ependymoma. RNA sequencing revealed recurrent fusions involving the pleomorphic adenoma gene-like 1 (PLAGL1) gene in 19 of 20 of the samples analyzed, with the most common fusion being EWSR1:PLAGL1 (n = 13). Five tumors showed a PLAGL1:FOXO1 fusion and one a PLAGL1:EP300 fusion. High transcript levels of PLAGL1 were noted in these tumors, with concurrent overexpression of the imprinted genes H19 and IGF2, which are regulated by PLAGL1. Histopathological review of cases with sufficient material (n = 16) demonstrated a broad morphological spectrum of tumors with predominant ependymoma-like features. Immunohistochemically, tumors were GFAP positive and OLIG2- and SOX10 negative. In 3/16 of the cases, a dot-like positivity for EMA was detected. All tumors in our series were located in the supratentorial compartment. Median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 6.2 years. Median progression-free survival was 35 months (for 11 patients with data available). In summary, our findings suggest the existence of a novel group of supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors that are characterized by recurrent PLAGL1 fusions and enriched for pediatric patients