Energy reserves and accumulation of metals in the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus from two metal-polluted gradients

Living in an area chronically polluted with metals is usually associated with changes in the energy distribution in organisms due to increased energy expenses associated with detoxification and excretion processes. These expenses may be reflected in the available energy resources, such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. In this context, the energy status of Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) was studied in two metal pollution gradients near Olkusz and Miateczko Śląskie in southern Poland. Both regions are rich in metal ores, and the two largest Polish zinc smelters have been operating there since the 1970s. Beetles were collected from five sites at each gradient. Zinc and cadmium concentrations were measured in both the soil and the beetles. The possible reduction in energy reserves as a cost of detoxifying assimilated metals was evaluated biochemically by determining the total lipid, carbohydrates, and protein contents. At the most polluted sites, the Zn concentration in the soil organic layer reached 2,906 mg/kg, and the Cd concentration reached 55 mg/kg. Body Zn and Cd concentrations increased with increasing soil Zn and Cd concentrations (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0001, respectively). However, no relationship between pollution level and energetic reserves was found. The results suggest that populations of P. oblongopunctatus inhabiting highly metal-polluted sites are able to survive without any serious impact on their energy reserves, though they obviously have to cope with elevated body metal concentrations

Shifting cultivation and hunting across the savanna-forest mosaic in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela: facing changes

We especially thank the Pemón communities Kawi, Uroy-Uaray and Wuarapata in the Gran Sabana for supporting this project. Especially thanks to Nigel Noriega for language editing.Human encroachment and overexploitation of natural resources in the Neotropics is constantly increasing. Indigenous communities all across the Amazon, are trapped between a population rise and a hot debate about the sustainability of hunting rates. The Garden Hunting hypothesis states that shifting cultivation schemes (conucos) used by Amazon indigenous communities may generate favorable conditions, increasing abundance of small and medium wildlife species close to the ‘gardens’ providing game for indigenous hunters. Here, we combined camera trap surveys and spatially explicit interview dataset on Pemón indigenous hunting scope and occurrence in a mosaic of savanna and forest in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela to evaluate to what extent the wildlife resource use corresponds to Garden Hunting hypothesis. We applied the Royle–Nichols model and binomial regression in order to: (1) assess whether abundance of small and medium wildlife species is higher close to conucos and (2) evaluate whether hunters select hunting localities based on accessibility to wildlife resources (closeness to conuco) more than wildlife abundance. We find mixed evidence supporting the Garden Hunting hypothesis predictions. Abundance of small and medium species was high close to conucos but the pattern was not statistically significant for most of them. Pemón seem to hunt in locations dominated by forest, where species abundance was predicted to be higher, than in close vicinity to conucos. Hunting scope was focused on the most abundant species located close to the conuco (Cuniculus paca), but also in less abundant and unavailable species (Crax alector, Tapirus terrestris and Odocoileus virginianus). Our research provided the first attempt of a systematic sampling survey in the Gran Sabana, generating a quantitative dataset that not only describes the current pattern of wildlife abundance, but sets the base-line to monitor temporal and spatial change in this region of highland Amazon. We discuss the applicability of the estimates generated as a baseline as well as, environmental challenges imposed by economic, social and cultural changes such as mining encroachment for wildlife management

Camtrap DP: an open standard for the FAIR exchange and archiving of camera trap data

Camera trapping has revolutionized wildlife ecology and conservation by providing automated data acquisition, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of camera trap data worldwide. Although management and processing of camera trap-derived Big Data are becoming increasingly solvable with the help of scalable cyber-infrastructures, harmonization and exchange of the data remain limited, hindering its full potential. There is currently no widely accepted standard for exchanging camera trap data. The only existing proposal, “Camera Trap Metadata Standard” (CTMS), has several technical shortcomings and limited adoption. We present a new data exchange format, the Camera Trap Data Package (Camtrap DP), designed to allow users to easily exchange, harmonize and archive camera trap data at local to global scales. Camtrap DP structures camera trap data in a simple yet flexible data model consisting of three tables (Deployments, Media and Observations) that supports a wide range of camera deployment designs, classification techniques (e.g., human and AI, media-based and event-based) and analytical use cases, from compiling species occurrence data through distribution, occupancy and activity modeling to density estimation. The format further achieves interoperability by building upon existing standards, Frictionless Data Package in particular, which is supported by a suite of open software tools to read and validate data. Camtrap DP is the consensus of a long, in-depth, consultation and outreach process with standard and software developers, the main existing camera trap data management platforms, major players in the field of camera trapping and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Under the umbrella of the Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG), Camtrap DP has been developed openly, collaboratively and with version control from the start. We encourage camera trapping users and developers to join the discussion and contribute to the further development and adoption of this standard. Biodiversity data, camera traps, data exchange, data sharing, information standardspublishedVersio

Mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke – Five years of experience in Poland

Objectives Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is not reimbursed by the Polish public health system. We present a description of 5 years of experience with MT in acute stroke in Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs) in Poland. Methods and results We retrospectively analyzed the results of a structured questionnaire from 23 out of 25 identified CSCs and 22 data sets that include 61 clinical, radiological and outcome measures. Results Most of the CSCs (74%) were founded at University Hospitals and most (65.2%) work round the clock. In 78.3% of them, the working teams are composed of neurologists and neuro-radiologists. All CSCs perform CT and angio-CT before MT. In total 586 patients were subjected to MT and data from 531 of them were analyzed. Mean time laps from stroke onset to groin puncture was 250±99min. 90.3% of the studied patients had MT within 6h from stroke onset; 59.3% of them were treated with IV rt-PA prior to MT; 15.1% had IA rt-PA during MT and 4.7% – emergent stenting of a large vessel. M1 of MCA was occluded in 47.8% of cases. The Solitaire device was used in 53% of cases. Successful recanalization (TICI2b–TICI3) was achieved in 64.6% of cases and 53.4% of patients did not experience hemorrhagic transformation. Clinical improvement on discharge was noticed in 53.7% of cases, futile recanalization – in 30.7%, mRS of 0–2 – in 31.4% and mRS of 6 in 22% of cases. Conclusion Our results can help harmonize standards for MT in Poland according to international guidelines

Racial discrimination in Poland

W obecnym świecie granice narodowości i kultur zacierają się, globalizacja pozwala nam przemieszczać się miedzy państwami w celach edukacyjnych oraz w poszukiwaniu pracy. Jednak w społeczeństwie nadal pojawia się poważny problem, którym jest dyskryminacja na tle rasowymIn today's world the boundaries of nationalities and cultures are blurred, globalization allows us to move between countries for educational and work purposes. However, in a society still appears a serious problem which is racial discrimination

The value of lifestyle as a component for the management of the content of sport blog and their influence on consumer behavior and social perception of business.

Media społecznościowe zwłaszcza blogosfera wpłynęły na rozwój marketingu sportowego. Można zatem postawić tezę, iż internet jest obecnie jednym z najważniejszych kanałów komunikacji oraz najpopularniejszym, przynoszącym widoczne efekty środowiskiem reklamy. W potwierdzeniu przedstawionej tezy pomocne były odpowiedzi na pytania badawcze: Czym są media społecznościowe? Jaki wpływ na człowieka mają informacje znalezione w sieci? Czym jest trend na fit lifestyle? Jak prowadzić bloga lub funpage, aby osiągnąć sukces? Metodą badawczą wykorzystaną w zastosowaną w poniższej pracy są badania ilościowe w formie ankiety przeprowadzonej w klubie sportowym Fight House 27. Z uwagi na ograniczoną liczbę pozycji wydawniczych praca uzupełnia lukę badawczą ukazując nowe koncepcje oddziaływania człowieka na zmiany dokonujące się w obszarze marketingu sportowego, a nadto pokazuje jaki wpływ obecnie mają na społeczeństwo trendy panujące i często wykreowane w social mediach. Bazując na własnych obserwacjach różnego rodzaju blogów czy profili na portalach społecznościowych, bliżej przyjrzałam się zjawisk influence marketingu. W nauce o zarządzaniu humanistycznym człowiek i jego potrzeby odgrywają nadrzędną rolę. Dlatego też samorealizacja i dobre samopoczucie są niezwykle ważnym czynnikiem. Dzięki rozwojowi przemysłu sportowego firmy znalazły kolejny sposób jak poprzez ten czynnik zwiększyć poziom zadowolenia oraz co za tym idzie efektywności pracownika m.in. poprzez wprowadzenia do swoich firm corporate wellness.Social media especially the blogosphere influenced the development of sports marketing. Therefore, you can put the claim that the internet is nowadays one of the most important channels of communication as well as the most popular and bringing visible results advertising environment. Very helpful in order to confirm the presented theses was answers for research questions: what the social media are, how the information derived in the Internet affects us, what the trend for a fit lifestyle is, and how to manage the blog or funpage successfully. The test method used in the following thesis are quantitative research in the form of a survey in a sports club Fight House 27. Due to the limited number of publishing position this thesis complements the vulnerability research showing the new concepts of human influence on the changes in the field of sport’s marketing and shows how the trends prevailing and often created in social media affects the society. Based on my own observations of different types of blogs or profiles on social networks I take a closer look at the phenomena of the Marketing Influence. Man, its existence, development and basic values of life are the overriding purpose of humanist management. That is why the self-realization and wellbeing are a major factor. Because of the development of the sports industry employers found the way how through the introduction in their companies “corporate wellness” increase the level of satisfaction and consequently the efficiency of the employees

Costs of living in metal polluted areas: respiration rate of the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus from two gradients of metal pollution

To address the question about costs of living in polluted areas, biomarkers linked to metabolism were measured in Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) collected along two metal-pollution gradients in the vicinity of the two largest Polish zinc smelters: ‘Bolesław’ and ‘Miasteczko Śląskie’ in southern Poland. Both gradients covered a broad range of Zn and Cd concentrations in the humus layer (109–6151 and 1.48–71.4 mg kg(−1), respectively) and body metal concentrations increased with increasing soil metal concentrations. The whole-organism respiration rate was measured as oxygen consumption with Micro-Oxymax respirometer, and cellular energy consumption—as the activity of electron transport system, which is linked to cellular respiration rate. The significant increase in the whole-organism respiration rate with the body metal concentration was found when taking into account other factors such as body mass, gradient (or year of sampling as the beetles were collected on the gradients in different years) and the interactions: body metal concentrations × collection date, body metal concentrations × body mass, and body mass × gradient/sampling year. However, no relationships between metal concentrations in soil or body metal concentrations and the whole-organism or cellular respiration rate could be detected when using mean values per site, underlining the crucial importance of incorporating individual variability in such analyses. The observed increase of the whole-organism respiration rate with increasing body contamination with metals suggests that P. oblongopunctatus incurs energetic expenditures resulting from the necessity to facilitate metal elimination or repair of toxicant-induced damage