Magnetic Field Effects on Plasma Plumes

Here, we will discuss our numerical studies of plasma jets and loops, of basic interest for plasma propulsion and plasma astrophysics. Space plasma propulsion systems require strong guiding magnetic fields known as magnetic nozzles to control plasma flow and produce thrust. Propulsion methods currently being developed that require magnetic nozzles include the VAriable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR) [1] and magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters. Magnetic nozzles are functionally similar to de Laval nozzles, but are inherently more complex due to electromagnetic field interactions. The two crucial physical phenomenon are thrust production and plasma detachment. Thrust production encompasses the energy conversion within the nozzle and momentum transfer to a spacecraft. Plasma detachment through magnetic reconnection addresses the problem of the fluid separating efficiently from the magnetic field lines to produce maximum thrust. Plasma jets similar to those of VASIMR will be studied with particular interest in dual jet configurations, which begin as a plasma loops between two nozzles. This research strives to fulfill a need for computational study of these systems and should culminate with a greater understanding of the crucial physics of magnetic nozzles with dual jet plasma thrusters, as well as astrophysics problems such as magnetic reconnection and dynamics of coronal loops.[2] To study this problem a novel, hybrid kinetic theory and single fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solver known as the Magneto-Gas Kinetic Method is used.[3] The solver is comprised of a "hydrodynamic" portion based on the Gas Kinetic Method and a "magnetic" portion that accounts for the electromagnetic behaviour of the fluid through source terms based on the resistive MHD equations. This method is being further developed to include additional physics such as the Hall effect. Here, we will discuss the current level of code development, as well as numerical simulation result

Ultrafast X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging of High Repetition Rate Shockwaves

High-repetition-rate plasma-induced shockwaves in liquid have been observed using ultrafast X-ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) for the first time. Using a laser-triggered nanosecond-pulsed plasma device in heptane at ambient conditions, it is demonstrated that these well-timed weak shocks can be generated at an unprecedented repetition rate (>3 per minute), significantly faster than that of more commonly-used dynamic targets (exploding wire, gas gun). This simple portable target can easily be adapted to study discharges in different media (water, oils, solids) at comparably high repetition rates and over a wide range of possible input energies. Compared to previously PCI-imaged shocks, these shocks are relatively weak (1 < Mach number < 1.4), which advances the resolution and sensitivity limits of this high-speed imaging diagnostic. Numeric solutions of a Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction model are used to estimate post-shock thermodynamic conditions, the results of which show good agreement with expectations based on Rankine-Hugoniot normal shock thermodynamic relations. A comparison in shock imaging sensitivity between LYSO and LuAG scintillators is also discussed, showing that the short decay tail of LYSO brings the shock profile above the detectability limit for this implementation of PCI.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Ressourceblikket: skriftlighed og dialog om indstilling til ressourceforløb

Denne rapport er udarbejdet på baggrund af en delundersøgelse i forskningsprojektet ”Beslutningsprocesser og faglige roller i rehabiliteringsteam”. Rapporten sætter fokus på beslutningskæden frem mod et ressourceforløb og analyserer, hvordan ressourcer konstrueres i det skriftlige materiale og i rehabiliteringsteamenes samtaler med borgeren. De teoretiske tilgange tager afsæt i socialfaglige principper om systematisk sagsarbejde og samtaleanalytiske perspektiver på rehabiliteringsteamenes dialog med borgeren.Rapporten er baseret på empiri indsamlet fra to kommunale rehabiliteringsteams i perioden marts 2014 til januar 2015.Rapporten indkredser en række dilemmaer og udfordringer, som kan være relevante at diskutere for praktikere og ledere, der arbejder i eller med rehabiliteringsteam og ressourceforløb. Derudover retter rapporten sig mod studerende ved såvel grunduddannelse som efter- og videreuddannelse, som har interesse for den beskæftigelsesrettede indsats og rehabiliteringsteamenes arbejde

Вторая фаза исследования по проведению недельного цикла химиотерапии с использованием паклитаксела и карбоплатина у больных с метастатическим раком мочевого пузыря

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Emerging Concepts for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery: What is Cure?

The objective of this review is to discuss emerging concepts in pelvic organ prolapse, in particular, “What is cure?” In a post-trial data analysis of the CARE (Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts) trial, treatment success varied tremendously depending on the definition used (19.2%–97.2%). Definitions that included the absence of vaginal bulge symptoms had the strongest relationships with the patients’ assessment of overall improvement and treatment success. As demonstrated by this study, there are several challenges in defining cure in prolapse surgery. Additionally, the symptoms of prolapse are variable. The degree of prolapse does not correlate directly with symptoms. There are many surgical approaches to pelvic organ prolapse. Multiple ways to quantify prolapse are used. There is a lack of standardized definition of cure. The data on prolapse surgery outcomes are heterogeneous. The goal of surgical repair is to return the pelvic organs to their original anatomic positions. Ideally, we have four main goals: no anatomic prolapse, no functional symptoms, patient satisfaction, and the avoidance of complications. The impact of transvaginal mesh requires thoughtful investigation. The driving force should be patient symptoms in defining cure of prolapse