Ultra high field TOF-MRA: A method to visualize small cerebral vessels. 7T TOF-MRA sequence parameters on different MRI scanners – Literature review

Introduction Time-of-flight (TOF) angiography is a technique allowing to visualize the blood flow in vessels. 7T ToF-MRA is able to visualize the whole Circle of Willis including small perforating branches without any known side effects as opposed to usually used DSA and CTA with high exposition to the radiation and high doses of contrast as far as CTA is concerned. Aim The aim of this review is to describe ultra-high field ToF-MRA and present different protocol data depending on the scanner used in the study. Materials and methods PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Google Scholar databases were searched. Selection of studies for this systematic review included 7T magnetic resonance angiography studies. We searched for type of head coil used in various studies, flip angle, echo time, repetition time, field-of-view (FOV), number of slices per slab, matrix, voxel size and acquisition time. Discussion Visualization for the small perforating vessels of the Circle of Willis, that are not fully visualized using low-field-strength MRA is improving with increasing magnetic field strength, which has been proved by several studies. Conclusion Ultra-high filed ToF-MRA has found to be a superior method in depicting cerebral microvasculature. 7T ToF-MRA seems to be a reliable method for visualization of arteries up to the second order cerebral arteries and has a potential to replace DSA

Morphometric parameters of the human pineal gland in relation to age, body weight and height

The aim of the study was to compare the size, weight, volume and density of the pineal gland in several groups divided by age, body weight and height. 80 human pineal glands were included in the study. Obtained data were statistically analysed by means of Statistica by Statsoft to check existing differences. Obtained data show some significant differences between pineal gland morphometry in weight- and height-related groups. However, these differences do not influence pineal volume significantly. Differences between the pineal gland volume in the maximal and in the minimal weight groups may suggest some relationship between the gland’s structure and body weight. No age-related changes in the morphometry of the pineal gland were observed

The usefulness of SPECT/CT in characterization of skeletal and soft tissue lesions — report of two cases

SPECT/CT imaging provides detailed information on the radiotracer distribution and enables simultaneous lesion morphology evaluation. This hybrid imaging delivers complementary information about patient’s disease. We present two cases in which SPECT/CT imaging and cooperation between the nuclear medicine physician and radiologist quickly clarified the diagnosis, sparing patient unnecessary diagnostic procedures or treatment

Cardiac sympathetic dysfunction in haemodialysed patients

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate thecardiac sympathetic nervous system function in haemodialysed(HD), non-diabetic patients by iodine-123 meta-iodo-benzylguanidine(123I-mIBG).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Planar scintigraphy of the chestwas performed in 36 HD, male patients; 15 minutes and 4 hourspost injection of 370 MBq of 123I-mIBG. The semiquantitativeanalysis of myocardial tracer uptake was expressed as routineheart to mediastinum (H/M) ratio: 15 minutes (early H/M) and4 hour (late H/M) post administration as well as washout of thetracer from myocardium (WR). 24-hour Holter studies were recordedand heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated. Patientswere divided into two groups according to the H/M value: groupA patients with H/M > 1.8 which has been accepted as a norm,and group B patients with H/M < 1.8.RESULTS: In 21/36 patients H/M ratio was below normal values.Significant differences between groups A and B were foundamong the following parameters: early H/M and late H/M ratios,WR and duration of haemodialysis therapy.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with abnormal function of cardiacsympathetic nervous system, expressed by means of H/M ratiobelow 1.8, duration of haemodialysis treatment was longer.Duration of HD appears to be an important factor influencingcardiac sympathetic nervous system.

Total anomalous pulmonary vein drainage in a 60-year-old woman diagnosed in an ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography : a case report and review of literature

Purpose: Total anomalous pulmonary vein drainage (TAPVD) is a congenital cardiac defect in which there is no connection between pulmonary veins and the left atrium. Pulmonary veins form a confluence independent of the left atrium and drain to a systemic vein. TAPVD types are: supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed. TAPVD accounts for approximately 1.5-2.2% of all congenital heart diseases. This anomaly is usually diagnosed in the neonatal period, and it coexists with atrial septal defect. Adult cases of TAPVD are rarely reported. Case report: We report a rare case of a 60-year-old woman with incidentally found, uncorrected TAPVD in ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography. In previous echocardiographic examinations partial anomalous pulmonary venous return and atrial septal defect were diagnosed. Conclusions: ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography is a valuable diagnostic method for adults with congenital heart disease. It enables evaluation of coronary arteries and simultaneously provides detailed anatomy of great vessels

Thoracic ectopic kidney in adults. A report of 2 cases

Thoracic kidney is the rarest, usually asymptomatic type of kidney ectopia. 2 cases of thoracic kidney discovered incidentally through chest radiography are reported. In both patients renal function tests were normal and no further treatment was necessary. Ultrasonography and computed tomography studies performed for confirmation of the diagnosis are presented. An embryonic background of this abnormality is discussed

The influence of thickness of ACL tendon graft on long-term results of treatment

1. INTRODUCTION: Operative treatment is the treatment of choice for the most severe, third-degree ACL sprain. Many operational techniques exist, including technique using a quadruple-folded semitendinosus tendon and the technique of double-folded semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. Depending on the technique chosen, we can obtain different thicknesses of the grafts used. 2. AIM OF THE STUDY: To find a relationship between the type of surgical technique used and the thickness of the graft, as well as to assess the effect of the thickness of the applied autograft on the long-term outcome of the treatment. 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study included a group of 43 patients operated on due to ACL injury. In 21 patients, the procedure was performed using the quadruple-folded semitendinosus tendon, whereas in 22 patients the procedure was performed using double-folded semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. The patients were divided into groups based on the thickness of the transplant. A special questionnaire prepared on the basis of the KOOS scale was used to assess the subjective performance of the knee. The type and thickness of the graft was determined based on the analysis of operational protocols. The statistical analysis of the results of the study was performed. The Chi-square compatibility test or chi-square compatibility test in the Yates modification were used to assess the relationship. 4. RESULTS: A relationship was found between the parameters: "general quality of life" (p = 0.01), "pain" (p = 0.005), "sports activity" (p = 0.05), "everyday activities" (p = 0, 01). There is no dependence for the "other symptoms" parameter (p = 0.1). There is no relationship between the technique used and the graft thickness (p = 0.2).  5. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of the surgical technique does not affect the final thickness of the autograft. Overall quality of life, pain, sports activity; everyday activities are the parameters of the KOOS scale, which are affected by the thickness of the transplant

Testing the Validity of Patellar Measurements in Sex Estimation – A Computed Tomography Study in a Contemporary Polish Population

Introduction and purpose: Human skeleton-based sex estimation is a major topic of interest for forensic anthropologists. Various bones have been examined for sex heterogeneity. The most commonly used include skull and pelvis, however they may not always be used due to damage or fragmentation. The patella has been shown to be resistant to postmortem changes, which creates a potential use for determining the sex of unknown human remains. Materials and methods: The samples were gathered from patients examined by computed tomography angiography (CTA) of lower extremities in University Hospital No. 4 in Lublin. Exclusion criteria included patellar fractures, knee replacement and advanced osteoporosis. A total of 120 CTA examinations of 65 males and 55 females, were included in the analysis. Four measurements for every patella: craniocaudal patella dimension (CCP), transverse dimension (TP), anteroposterior dimension (APP) and patellar angle (PA), were obtained from CTA images. Results: The statistical analysis proved that sex differences of all variables, except for PA, were statistically significant (p < 0,001). Conclusions: Patellar measurements can be helpful in sex determination in the Polish population. CT is a useful tool for skeleton-based sex identification

Testing the Validity of Patellar Measurements in Sex Estimation – A Computed Tomography Study in a Contemporary Polish Population

JAKUBIK, Karol, JEŻAK, Mikołaj, NOWIŃSKA, Aleksandra, GRUDZIEŃ, Monika, PIECH, Piotr, KARPIŃSKA, Justyna and STAŚKIEWICZ, Grzegorz. Testing the Validity of Patellar Measurements in Sex Estimation – A Computed Tomography Study in a Contemporary Polish Population. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;20(1):156-168. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.20.01.015 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/46149 https://zenodo.org/record/8379001 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of 17.07.2023 No. 32318. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 17.07.2023 Lp. 32318. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 08.09.2023. Revised: 15.09.2023. Accepted: 26.09.2023. Published: 27.09.2023. Testing the Validity of Patellar Measurements in Sex Estimation – A Computed Tomography Study in a Contemporary Polish Population Karol Jakubik1, Mikołaj Jeżak1, Aleksandra Nowińska1, Monika Grudzień1, Piotr Piech2, Justyna Karpińska2, Grzegorz Staśkiewicz2 1Student Research Group at the Department of Clinical and Radiological Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland 2Department of Clinical and Radiological Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Correspondence to: Karol Jakubik [email protected] Abstract Introduction and purpose: Human skeleton-based sex estimation is a major topic of interest for forensic anthropologists. Various bones have been examined for sex heterogeneity. The most commonly used include skull and pelvis, however they may not always be used due to damage or fragmentation. The patella has been shown to be resistant to postmortem changes, which creates a potential use for determining the sex of unknown human remains. Materials and methods: The samples were gathered from patients examined by computed tomography angiography (CTA) of lower extremities in University Hospital No. 4 in Lublin. Exclusion criteria included patellar fractures, knee replacement and advanced osteoporosis. A total of 120 CTA examinations of 65 males and 55 females, were included in the analysis. Four measurements for every patella: craniocaudal patella dimension (CCP), transverse dimension (TP), anteroposterior dimension (APP) and patellar angle (PA), were obtained from CTA images. Results: The statistical analysis proved that sex differences of all variables, except for PA, were statistically significant (p < 0,001). Conclusions: Patellar measurements can be helpful in sex determination in the Polish population. CT is a useful tool for skeleton-based sex identification. Keywords: Sex Estimation; Sexual Dimorphism; Patella; Forensic Anthropology; Multidetector Computed Tomograph