Schubert polynomials as integer point transforms of generalized permutahedra

We show that the dual character of the flagged Weyl module of any diagram is a positively weighted integer point transform of a generalized permutahedron. In particular, Schubert and key polynomials are positively weighted integer point transforms of generalized permutahedra. This implies several recent conjectures of Monical, Tokcan and Yong.Comment: 8 pages. Corrected title in arXiv metadata (d'oh); no change to manuscrip

Genome-wide association study identifies PERLD1 as asthma candidate gene

10.1186/1471-2350-12-170BMC Medical Genetics12-BMGM

Data-driven adult asthma phenotypes based on clinical characteristics are associated with asthma outcomes twenty years later

Research based on cluster analyses led to the identification of particular phenotypes confirming phenotypic heterogeneity of asthma. The long-term clinical course of asthma phenotypes defined by clustering analysis remains unknown, although it is a key aspect to underpin their clinical relevance. We aimed to estimate risk of poor asthma events between asthma clusters identified 20 years earlier.; The study relied on two cohorts of adults with asthma with 20-year follow-up, ECRHS (European Community Respiratory Health Survey) and EGEA (Epidemiological study on Genetics and Environment of Asthma). Regression models were used to compare asthma characteristics (current asthma, asthma exacerbations, asthma control, quality of life, and FEV; 1; ) at follow-up and the course of FEV; 1; between seven cluster-based asthma phenotypes identified 20 years earlier.; The analysis included 1325 adults with ever asthma. For each asthma characteristic assessed at follow-up, the risk for adverse outcomes differed significantly between the seven asthma clusters identified at baseline. As compared with the mildest asthma phenotype, ORs (95% CI) for asthma exacerbations varied from 0.9 (0.4 to 2.0) to 4.0 (2.0 to 7.8) and the regression estimates (95% CI) for FEV; 1; % predicted varied from 0.6 (-3.5 to 4.6) to -9.9 (-14.2 to -5.5) between clusters. Change in FEV; 1; over time did not differ significantly across clusters.; Our findings show that the long-term risk for poor asthma outcomes differed between comprehensive adult asthma phenotypes identified 20 years earlier, and suggest a strong tracking of asthma activity and impaired lung function over time