Kwasy chlorooctowe jako interesujące ligandy.

Jak doskonale wiemy kwasy chlorooctowe są to pochodne kwasu octowego, których grupa metylowa podstawiona jest jednym, dwoma lub trzema atomami chloru. Czy jednak zdajemy sobie sprawę, jak obecność chloru wpływa na właściwości tych kwasów? Czym się one różnią i jakie posiadają cechy wspólne? Co sprawia, że są tak atrakcyjnymi ligandami? Na te i wiele innych pytań postaramy się odpowiedzieć w niniejszej pracy

Effect of Leptin Gene Polymorphism on Fattening and Slaughter Value of Line 990 Gilts

The study was aimed at defining leptin gene polymorphism and its potential association with values of particular features of fattening and slaughter value of gilts of Line 990. The study included a total of 208 gilts. The polymorphic locus in LEP gene was identified by the restriction enzyme HinfI in 3469 position, by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) method. Two alleles of LEP gene were identified: T (0.94) and C (0.06), resulting in two genotypes: TC (0.12) and TT (0.88). We did not observe any gilts of CC genotype. The analysis of values of fattening and slaughter features, depending on LEP genotype did not reveal significant differences in body mass increase, daily gain from day 63 to 180, and daily gain from birth to day 180, feed conversion per 1 kg body mass and the loin-eye thickness. Significant differences between the LEP genotypes were present for such features as the backfat thickness at points P2 (p ⪬ 0.05) and P4 (p ⪬ 0.01) and average backfat thickness (p ⪬ 0.01) in favour of TT genotype. We noted higher average values of lean meat content in carcass in favour of TT homozygotes, compared to the heterozygotes (p ⪬ 0.05). The investigation contributes additonal information regarding LEP gene polymorphism in gilts of Line 990. Knowledge of LEP genotypes may be useful to improve the slaughter value in gilts primarily due to less fatness. Due to the lack of individuals representing CC genotype in our results, research should continue on a larger population

Immunohistochemical detection of FSH receptors in pituitary adenomas and adrenal tumors

<p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Objectives</em></strong>. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors (FSHR) are physiologically expressed in the ovary and testis. It is well known that FSHR are also expressed in gonadal cancers, but the data on their incidence in extra-gonadal tumors are scarce. Recently, the expression of FSHR in the vascular endothelium within different human cancers was found, but nothing is known on FSHR appearance in non-gonadal endocrine tumors. The present paper reports on the immunohistochemical detection of FSHR in human pituitary adenomas and adrenal tumors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods</strong>. The study included samples of 28 pituitary adenomas and 36 adrenal tumors. Moreover, 2 samples of non-tumoral adrenal glands were also studied.</p><p>FSH receptor immunostaining was performed on paraffin sections using the rabbit anti-human FSH-R polyclonal antibody raised against 1-190 amino acid sequence from the human FSH-R (sc-13935). The pituitary adenomas were immunostained to reveal the pituitary hormones and the proliferation marker Ki-67.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>. In the pituitary adenomas, positive immunostaining with anti-FSHR antibody occurred in the adenoma cells cytoplasm and endothelia of the intra- and peritumoral blood vessels. The cytoplasmic immunostaining was found in the majority of investigated tumors but the intensity of staining was weak to moderate. There is some tendency towards the higher cytoplasmic FSHR score in tumors with higher Ki-67 index (atypical adenomas). In contrast to the cytoplasm, the FSHR immunostaining in blood vessels is strong and concerns all the investigated samples. Strong FSHR immunostaining is present in the endothelium of intra- and/or peritumoral blood vessels in the majority of pheochromocytomas, approximatively one half of the adrenocortical adenomas and both cases of the adrenal cancers. The immunostaining is detectable also in the tumoral cell cytoplasm in all but one examined pheochromocytomas.. All the investigated adrenocortical adenomas presented strong immunostaining of cell membranes. No immunostained cell membranes were found. in adrenal cancers. The positive immunostaining was found in glandular cells, but not in blood vessels, of non-tumoral adrenal cortex and medulla.</p><strong>Conclusions</strong>. Immunostaining of FSHR often occurs in the endothelium of intra- and/or peritumoral blood vessels of pituitary adenomas and benign and malignant adrenal tumors. The immunostaining may be also present in tumoral cells. A role of FSHR expression in these tumors (stimulation of angiogenesis? stimulation of cell growth?) needs further studies to be clarified

Immunohistochemical detection of FSH receptors in pituitary adenomas and adrenal tumors

Objectives. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors (FSHR) are physiologically expressed in the ovary and testis. It is well known that FSHR are also expressed in gonadal cancers, but the data on their incidence in extra-gonadal tumors are scarce. Recently, the expression of FSHR in the vascular endothelium within different human cancers was found, but nothing is known on FSHR appearance in non-gonadal endocrine tumors. The present paper reports on the immunohistochemical detection of FSHR in human pituitary adenomas and adrenal tumors.Materials and methods. The study included samples of 28 pituitary adenomas and 36 adrenal tumors. Moreover, 2 samples of non-tumoral adrenal glands were also studied.FSH receptor immunostaining was performed on paraffin sections using the rabbit anti-human FSH-R polyclonal antibody raised against 1-190 amino acid sequence from the human FSH-R (sc-13935). The pituitary adenomas were immunostained to reveal the pituitary hormones and the proliferation marker Ki-67.Results. In the pituitary adenomas, positive immunostaining with anti-FSHR antibody occurred in the adenoma cells cytoplasm and endothelia of the intra- and peritumoral blood vessels. The cytoplasmic immunostaining was found in the majority of investigated tumors but the intensity of staining was weak to moderate. There is some tendency towards the higher cytoplasmic FSHR score in tumors with higher Ki-67 index (atypical adenomas). In contrast to the cytoplasm, the FSHR immunostaining in blood vessels is strong and concerns all the investigated samples. Strong FSHR immunostaining is present in the endothelium of intra- and/or peritumoral blood vessels in the majority of pheochromocytomas, approximatively one half of the adrenocortical adenomas and both cases of the adrenal cancers. The immunostaining is detectable also in the tumoral cell cytoplasm in all but one examined pheochromocytomas.. All the investigated adrenocortical adenomas presented strong immunostaining of cell membranes. No immunostained cell membranes were found. in adrenal cancers. The positive immunostaining was found in glandular cells, but not in blood vessels, of non-tumoral adrenal cortex and medulla.Conclusions. Immunostaining of FSHR often occurs in the endothelium of intra- and/or peritumoral blood vessels of pituitary adenomas and benign and malignant adrenal tumors. The immunostaining may be also present in tumoral cells. A role of FSHR expression in these tumors (stimulation of angiogenesis? stimulation of cell growth?) needs further studies to be clarified

Molecular mechanism of topoisomerase poisoning by the peptide antibiotic albicidin

The peptide antibiotic albicidin is a DNA topoisomerase inhibitor with low-nanomolar bactericidal activity towards fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. However, its mode of action is poorly understood. We determined a 2.6 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of a ternary complex between Escherichia coli topoisomerase DNA gyrase, a 217 bp double-stranded DNA fragment and albicidin. Albicidin employs a dual binding mechanism where one end of the molecule obstructs the crucial gyrase dimer interface, while the other intercalates between the fragments of cleaved DNA substrate. Thus, albicidin efficiently locks DNA gyrase, preventing it from religating DNA and completing its catalytic cycle. Two additional structures of this trapped state were determined using synthetic albicidin analogues that demonstrate improved solubility, and activity against a range of gyrase variants and E. coli topoisomerase IV. The extraordinary promiscuity of the DNA-intercalating region of albicidins and their excellent performance against fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria holds great promise for the development of last-resort antibiotics

Konserwacja oraz technika wykonania dwóch malowanych chorągwi jedwabnych z kolekcji Książąt Czartoryskich.

The article presents conservation works and the technique of making of two silk, two-sided painted banners from the collection of National Museum in Kraków: the 16th-century banner of the Poznań or Mazowieckie voivodship (acc. no. MNK-XIV-882) and the 18th-century guard banner of Stanisław Poniatowski of the King of Poland (acc. no. MNK-XIV-883). The banners found their way to the collection of the Princes Czartoryski at the beginning of the 19th century. At that time, they were exhibited at the Sibyl Temple in Puławy, and then at the Princes Czartoryski Museum in Kraków. The selection of appropriate methods and means for conservation was difficult due to the high degree of silk degradation, the large number of loose fragments of fabrics, as well as the multi-layer technological structure of the objects. Secondary layers in the form of collagen membranes glued to the surface of the banners with a starch glue during historical conservation were also a problem. In order to remove them, positive results were obtained when using a steam scalpel and Gellan Gum compresses. However, for the temporary protection of the paint layer, a Cerex synthetic fabric was used with the use of Acrylharz P-550 acrylic resin. This resin was also used to spray silk crepelin, which was used to join separate pieces of the fabrics. In order to define the technique of making the banners, powder samples were collected for testing and analyzed using the fluorescence X-ray spectroscopy (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The cross-sections of the layers were observed in analytical lights using an optical microscope and tests were carried out using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersion X-ray analysis (SEM / EDS).Artykuł omawia prace konserwatorskie oraz technikę wykonania dwóch jedwabnych dwustronnie malowanych chorągwi ze zbiorów Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie: szesnastowiecznej chorągwi województwa poznańskiego lub mazowieckiego, nr inw. MNK-XIV-882, oraz osiemnastowiecznej chorągwi gwardii Stanisława Poniatowskiego Króla Polskiego, nr inw. MNK-XIV-883. Chorągwie trafiły do kolekcji książąt Czartoryskich na początku XIX wieku i były eksponowane w Świątyni Sybilli w Puławach, a następnie w Muzeum Książąt Czartoryskich w Krakowie. Wybór odpowiednich metod i środków konserwacji chorągwi był trudny, zważywszy na wysoki stopień degradacji jedwabiu, dużą liczbę luźnych fragmentów tkanin oraz wielowarstwową budowę technologiczną obiektów. Problem stanowiły także warstwy wtórne w postaci błon kolagenowych naklejonych przy użyciu kleju skrobiowego na powierzchnię chorągwi podczas historycznej konserwacji. W celu ich skutecznego usunięcia zastosowano skalpel parowy oraz kompresy z żelu Gellan Gum. Natomiast do czasowego zabezpieczania warstwy malarskiej wykorzystano tkaninę syntetyczną Cerex, naklejoną przy użyciu żywicy akrylowej Acrylharz P-550. Żywica ta została także zastosowana do napylania jedwabnej krepeliny, która posłużyła do połączenia osobnych fragmentów tkanin. W celu określenia techniki wykonania chorągwi do badań pobrano próbki proszkowe, które poddano analizie z wykorzystaniem metody fluorescencji spektroskopii rentgenowskiej (XRF) oraz spektroskopii w podczerwieni z transformatą Fouriera (FTIR). Przekroje poprzeczne warstw poddano obserwacji w światłach analitycznych przy użyciu mikroskopu optycznego oraz przeprowadzono badania z wykorzystaniem skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego z analizą rentgenowską z dyspersją energii (SEM-EDS)

How does a chronic wound change a patient's social life?:A European survey on social support and social participation

Chronic wounds can severely limit patient's social life. This cross-sectional study investigated quantitatively social support of patients with chronic wounds, its association with health-related quality of life as well as qualitatively changes in social participation of these patients. Overall, 263 patients from seven countries participated. The most frequent wound class was leg ulcer (49.2%). Results revealed generally high levels of social support (mean global score: 5.5) as measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. However, individuals differed considerably (range 1.0–7.0). All dimensions of social support differed by patients' family and living situations (p &lt; 0.001 to p = 0.040) and were positively correlated with generic health-related quality of life (r = 0.136–0.172). Having children, living with others and being in a relationship were significant predictors of having higher global social support. Patients reported great support from family members. Many participants reported no changes in relationships with friends. Wound care managers took an important role and provided additional emotional support. Patients reported a range of discontinued activities. Despite the high overall level of social support, inter-individual differences should be acknowledged. The importance of family carers should be acknowledged to be able to reduce caregiver burden and to ensure high-qualitative wound care.</p

How does a chronic wound change a patient's social life? A European survey on social support and social participation

Chronic wounds can severely limit patient's social life. This cross-sectional study investigated quantitatively social support of patients with chronic wounds, its association with health-related quality of life as well as qualitatively changes in social participation of these patients. Overall, 263 patients from seven countries participated. The most frequent wound class was leg ulcer (49.2%). Results revealed generally high levels of social support (mean global score: 5.5) as measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. However, individuals differed considerably (range 1.0–7.0). All dimensions of social support differed by patients' family and living situations (p &lt; 0.001 to p = 0.040) and were positively correlated with generic health-related quality of life (r = 0.136–0.172). Having children, living with others and being in a relationship were significant predictors of having higher global social support. Patients reported great support from family members. Many participants reported no changes in relationships with friends. Wound care managers took an important role and provided additional emotional support. Patients reported a range of discontinued activities. Despite the high overall level of social support, inter-individual differences should be acknowledged. The importance of family carers should be acknowledged to be able to reduce caregiver burden and to ensure high-qualitative wound care.</p