52 research outputs found
A high-precision spectrometer for the absolute determination of X-ray absorption edges as calibration standards
Single Spin Measurement using Single Electron Transistors to Probe Two Electron Systems
We present a method for measuring single spins embedded in a solid by probing
two electron systems with a single electron transistor (SET). Restrictions
imposed by the Pauli Principle on allowed two electron states mean that the
spin state of such systems has a profound impact on the orbital states
(positions) of the electrons, a parameter which SET's are extremely well suited
to measure. We focus on a particular system capable of being fabricated with
current technology: a Te double donor in Si adjacent to a Si/SiO2 interface and
lying directly beneath the SET island electrode, and we outline a measurement
strategy capable of resolving single electron and nuclear spins in this system.
We discuss the limitations of the measurement imposed by spin scattering
arising from fluctuations emanating from the SET and from lattice phonons. We
conclude that measurement of single spins, a necessary requirement for several
proposed quantum computer architectures, is feasible in Si using this strategy.Comment: 22 Pages, 8 Figures; revised version contains updated references and
small textual changes. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Key Learning Outcomes for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Education in Europe: A Modified Delphi Study.
Harmonizing clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education in Europe is necessary to ensure that the prescribing competency of future doctors is of a uniform high standard. As there are currently no uniform requirements, our aim was to achieve consensus on key learning outcomes for undergraduate CPT education in Europe. We used a modified Delphi method consisting of three questionnaire rounds and a panel meeting. A total of 129 experts from 27 European countries were asked to rate 307 learning outcomes. In all, 92 experts (71%) completed all three questionnaire rounds, and 33 experts (26%) attended the meeting. 232 learning outcomes from the original list, 15 newly suggested and 5 rephrased outcomes were included. These 252 learning outcomes should be included in undergraduate CPT curricula to ensure that European graduates are able to prescribe safely and effectively. We provide a blueprint of a European core curriculum describing when and how the learning outcomes might be acquired
A high-precision spectrometer for the absolute determination of X-ray absorption edges as calibration standards
An X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetric study on the effect of sucrose on the properties of phosphatidylcholine bilayers.
X-ray analysis and calorimetry on phosphatidylcholine model membranes. The influence of length and position of acyl chains upon structure and phase behaviour.
High resolution x‐ray absorption spectroscopy with absolute energy calibration for the determination of absorption edge energies
The general characteristics and spectrometric features of a high resolution four‐crystal reflection x‐ray monochromator with wavelength analysis installed at the HASYLAB beam line L at DESY are presented. The monochromator is part of a spectrometer developed to calibrate x‐ray absorption edge spectra in the energy range of 6–36 keV with a relative uncertainty ΔE/E from 10−5 to 10−6. This requires an extremely effective suppression of harmonics and also a negligible instrumental influence in order to obtain almost intrinsic spectra. As the results show, the monochromator fulfills the requirements, including very high stability. An example of the calibration procedure for the copper K edge is given as well as a comparison of the remeasured absorption edge energies with the previously tabulated data
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