14 research outputs found
Assets and Health: Examining the Asset-Building Theoretical Framework and Psychological Distress
Policy makers who propose developing policies to improve the health of individuals have an enormously complicated task given the complex, multifaceted, and interacting determinants of health. For social determinants of health, research has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between assets and numerous health measures. Michael Sherraden's (1991) theoretical framework on asset-based welfare policy is acknowledged as the most complete statement thus far of these relationships. Several randomized trials based on Sherraden's framework have been conducted. However, few asset-building programs have examined the influence of asset building on health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to test the asset-building theoretical framework using psychological distress as the dependent variable. The study employed longitudinal data from 6,295 families from the 2001 and 2007 Panel Study of Income Dynamics data sets. Structural equation modeling was used to test 7 direct and 7 indirect hypotheses based on the theoretical framework. In general, the data displayed a good fit to the model in cross-sectional and longitudinal models. Most of the directional hypotheses were supported. Better individual components were associated with higher saving and investment actions and greater intergenerational transfers were associated with greater asset accumulation. However, institutional components and intergenerational transfers were not associated with saving and investment actions. Unexpectedly, saving and investment actions were also associated with lower asset accumulation. Finally, greater asset accumulation was associated with an increase in psychological distress over time; however, less psychological distress was associated with an increase in asset accumulation over time. Although the hypothesis of a reciprocal relationship between asset accumulation and psychological distress was only partially supported, it is important to examine this relationship in future studies before reaching a conclusion about it. In conclusion, the asset-building theoretical framework needs modifications so asset-building programs can be tailored to different samples.Doctor of Philosoph
Patient safety topics, especially the second victim phenomenon, are neglected in undergraduate medical and nursing curricula in Europe : an online observational study
This study aims to assess the inclusion of second victims and other patient safety issues in the curricula of
undergraduate medical and nursing degrees in the countries participating in the European Researchersâ Network
Working on Second Victims (The ERSNT Consortium, COST Action 19,113). A review of medical and nursing school
curricula in 206 universities was carried out, using their websites to search for subjects addressing âpatient safetyâ,
âquality of careâ, ârisk managementâ, âsafe practicesâ, âinterprofessional communicationâ, âadverse eventsâ, and âsecond
victimsâ. There was substantial variability in the extent of training for patient safety. Forty-four out of 88 nursing
schools and 74 of 118 medical schools did not include any of the patient safety topics studied. The most frequent
in both nursing and medicine was âinterprofessional communicationâ, followed by âquality of careâ and basic aspects
on âpatient safetyâ. The second victim phenomenon was present in only one curriculum of the total sample. Our
study showed that patient safety, especially the second victim phenomenon, is still neglected in medical and
nursing curricula in European universities, although positive initiatives were also found. Given the frequency with
which adverse events occur in health centres and the need to prepare students to deal with them adequately,
additional efforts are needed to introduce patient safety elements into medical and nursing education.peer-reviewe
Testing Cost Containment of Future Healthcare with Maintained or Improved QualityâThe COSTCARES Project
Increasing healthcare costs need to be contained in order to maintain equality of access to care for all EU citizens. A cross-disciplinary consortium of experts was supported by the EU FP7 research programme, to produce a roadmap on cost containment, while maintaining or improving the quality of healthcare. The roadmap comprises two drivers: person-centred care and health promotion; five critical enablers also need to be addressed: information technology, quality measures, infrastructure, incentive systems, and contracting strategies
Testing Cost Containment of Future Health Care with Maintained or Improved Quality â The COST CARES project Running title: Cost Containment of Future Health Care
Abstract Background Increasing healthcare costs need to be contained in order to maintain equality of access to care for all EU citizens. A crossâdisciplinary consortium of experts was supported by the EU FP7 research programme, to produce a roadmap on cost containment, while maintaining or improving the quality of healthcare. The roadmap comprises two drivers: personâcentred care and health promotion; five critical enablers also need to be addressed: information technology, quality measures, infrastructure, incentive systems, and contracting strategies. Method In order to develop and test the roadmap, a COST Action project was initiated: COSTâCARES, with 28 participating countries. This paper provides an overview of evidence about the effects of each of the identified enablers. Intersections between the drivers and the enablers are identified as critical for the success of future cost containment, in tandem with maintained or improved quality in healthcare. This will require further exploration through testing. Conclusion Cost containment of future healthcare, with maintained or improved quality, needs to be addressed through a concerted approach of testing key factors. We propose a framework for test lab design based on these drivers and enablers in different European countries
Comparison between non-immigrant and 2nd generation immigrant youth: Self-Reported Health Status, BMI, and Internal and External Resources
Patient safety issues and the second victim phenomenon in medical and nursing curricula in Europe
This study aims to assess the inclusion of second victims and other patient safety issues in the curricula of undergraduate medical and nursing degrees in the countries participating in the European Researchers' Network Working on Second Victims (The ERSNT Consortium, COST Action 19113). A review of medical and nursing school curricula in 206 universities was carried out, using their websites to search for subjects addressing âpatient safetyâ, âquality of careâ, ârisk managementâ, âsafe practicesâ, âinterprofessional communicationâ, âadverse eventsâ, and âsecond victimsâ
Is Patient Support Program Participation Associated with Longer Persistence and Improved Adherence Among New Users of Adalimumab? A Retrospective Cohort Study
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Supporting innovative person-centred care in financially constrained environments : the we care exploratory health laboratory evaluation strategy
The COST CARES project aims to support healthcare cost containment and improve healthcare quality across Europe by developing the research and development necessary for person-centred care (PCC) and health promotion. This paper presents an overview evaluation strategy for testing âExploratory Health Laboratoriesâ to deliver these aims. Our strategy is theory driven and evidence based, and developed through a multi-disciplinary and European-wide team. Specifically, we define the key approach and essential criteria necessary to evaluate initial testing, and on-going large-scale implementation with a core set of accompanying methods (metrics, models, and measurements). This paper also outlines the enabling mechanisms that support the development of the âHealth Labsâ towards innovative models of ethically grounded and evidenced-based PCC.peer-reviewe
How different countries respond to adverse events whilst patientsâ rights are protected
Patient safety is high on the policy agenda internationally. Learning from safety incidents is a core component in achieving the important goal of increasing patient safety. This study explores the legal frameworks in the countries to promote reporting, disclosure, and supporting healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in safety incidents. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted to ascertain an overview of the legal frameworks at national level, as well as relevant policies. ERNST (The European Researchers' Network Working on Second Victims) group peer-reviewed data collected from countries was performed to validate information. Information from 27 countries was collected and analyzed, giving a response rate of 60%. A reporting system for patient safety incidents was in place in 85.2% (N = 23) of countries surveyed, though few (37%, N = 10) were focused on systems-learning. In about half of the countries (48.1%, N = 13) open disclosure depends on the initiative of HCPs. The tort liability system was common in most countries. No-fault compensation schemes and alternative forms of redress were less common. Support for HCPs involved in patient safety incidents was extremely limited, with just 11.1% (N = 3) of participating countries reporting that supports were available in all healthcare institutions. Despite progress in the patient safety movement worldwide, the findings suggest that there are considerable differences in the approach to the reporting and disclosure of patient safety incidents. Additionally, models of compensation vary limiting patients' access to redress. Finally, the results highlight the need for comprehensive support for HCPs involved in safety incidents