Innovative Approaches to 3D GIS Modeling for Volumetric and Geoprocessing Applications in Subsurface Infrastructures in a Virtual Immersive Environment

As subsurface features remain largely ‘out of sight, out of mind’, this has led to challenges when dealing with underground space and infrastructures and especially so for those working in GIS. Since subsurface infrastructure plays a major role in supporting the needs of modern society, groups such as city planners and utility companies and decision makers are looking for an ‘holistic’ approach where the sustainable use of underground space is as important as above ground space. For such planning and management, it is crucial to examine subsurface data in a form that is amenable to 3D mapping and that can be used for increasingly sophisticated 3D modeling. The subsurface referred to in this study focuses particularly on examples of both shallow and deep underground infrastructures. In the case of shallow underground infrastructures mostly two-dimensional maps are used in the management and planning of these features. Depth is a very critical component of underground infrastructures that is difficult to represent in a 2D map and for this reason these are best studied in three-dimensional space. In this research, the capability of 3D GIS technology and immersive geography are explored for the storage, management, analysis, and visualization of shallow and deep subsurface features

A Brief Study on Social Networks and Feminism

oai:ojs2.www.ijrah.com:article/1This study investigates the connection between feminism with social networking and assesses social media's potential to serve as an important forum for the promotion of modern feminism goals. Feminism's influence declined in the ages until social networking became an important aspect of society and female viewpoints were sceptical that it might be resurrected or popularised again. In current history, though, people have utilised social networks to collaborate and distribute progressive concepts. The emergence of "hashtag feminism" has resulted in a radical change in the way femininity is practised and argued for in popular society. Educational women are posing a number of important concerns in view of this drastic change in location for female discussions: Is social platforms beneficial to empowerment and the pursuit of egalitarian goals? This article contends that social network has given feminists a voice to tell their experiences, and has helped in the formation of feminist communities. That's also modern feminism most critical work since it makes us more open to progressive values and concepts, changing our world into one that will embrace and battle for feminism's goals. This paper would look at a number of case reports wherein feminist debates have taken social media by storm. It would assess the effect of social networking as a forum for progressive arguments and the usage of social platforms as a feminism medium in the struggle to accomplish feminism's goals

Activating membranes

We present a general dynamical theory of a membrane coupled to an actin cortex containing polymerizing filaments with active stresses and currents, and demonstrate that active membrane dynamics [Phys. Rev. Lett \textbf{84}, 3494 (2000)] and spontaneous shape oscillations emerge from this description. We also consider membrane instabilities and patterns induced by the presence of filaments with polar orientational correlations in the tangent plane of the membrane. The dynamical features we predict should be seen in a variety of cellular contexts involving the dynamics of the membrane-cytoskeleton composite and cytoskeletal extracts coupled to synthetic vesicles

Patterning of polar active filaments on a tense cylindrical membrane

We study the dynamics and patterning of polar contractile filaments on the surface of a cylindrical cell using active hydrodynamic equations that incorporate couplings between curvature and filament orientation. Cables and rings spontaneously emerge as steady state configurations on the cylinder, and can be stationary or moving, helical or segments moving along helical trajectories. Contractility induces coalescence of proximal rings. We observe phase transitions in the steady state patterns upon changing cell diameter and make several testable predictions. Our results are relevant to the dynamics and patterning of a variety of active biopolymers in cylindrical cells.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, (Includes Supplementary information

First record of avian cestode Variolepis podicepsi n.sp. from Podiceps rufficolis (Pallas) from Jhansi, U.P., India

Twenty eight cestodes were obtained from three little grebs, Podiceps rufficolis (Pallas) from Jhansi. Morphological studies of the cestodes revealed that they belonged to the genus, Variolepis Spasskii and Spasskaja, 1954 of the sub family Hymenolepidinae Perrier, 1897 family Hymenolepidae Ralliet and Henery, 1909 and regarded as n.sp Variolepis podicepsi

An observational study on use of maternal risk factors, mean arterial pressure, mean uterine artery pulsatility index and serum placenta like growth factor for screening of preeclampsia in first trimester

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) affects 2-3% of all pregnancies and is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In the last decade extensive research has been devoted to screening for PE with the aim of reducing the prevalence of the disease through pharmacological intervention in the high-risk group. In our study we used the combined screening method to evaluate the risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnant women. Our primary objective was to estimate the screen positivity rate for preeclampsia using the first trimester combined screening method (maternal risk factors and biophysical methods) in our population in a tertiary care hospital setting. Methods: Risk of preeclampsia was calculated using fetal medicine foundation algorithm accessed at https://fetalmedicine.org/research/assess/preeclampsia. Results: Using the combined screening method, 10 out of 75 women (13.33%) were found to be screen positive for risk of developing preterm preeclampsia (at <37 weeks) with a risk cut off of 1:100. Using the maternal risk factors approach only (as per NICE guidelines) again 10 out of 75 women (13.3%) were found to be screen positive. However, the subset of women who were screen positive by each method were not the same. There were only 4 out of 10 women who were screen positive by both methods. The screen positivity rate for preterm preeclampsia (<37 weeks) in our population using combined screening approach was 13%, which means aspirin would be advisable to 13/100 pregnant women to reduce the risk of preterm preeclampsia. Conclusions: Basis on our study we concluded that one cost effective method of screening could be, to offer aspirin to all women who are screen positive by the maternal risk factor approach (NICE guidelines approach). This approach does not require any extra blood test or skill to measure uterine artery pulsatility index

Age at natural menopause and factors affecting its onset: A cross-sectional study among postmenopausal females in District Dehradun

Background: Menopause has become a popular topic of study as life expectancy rises around the world. The average age at menopause in both developed and developing countries ranges from 45 to 53 years. Factors influencing the extent of ovarian follicle reserve dwindling, such as sociodemographic, menstrual, reproductive, and dietary factors. Aim and Objective: The present study aimed to determine the mean age of menopause and to find out the various factors affecting menopause onset. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study conducted in rural and urban areas of District Dehradun for a period of 1 year starting 1st August 2020 to 31st July 2021. Data were collected using multistage stratified random sampling from 211 cases of natural menopause. Chi-square was applied as statistical test of significance and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to current study, average age menopausal age is 46 years. Variables like sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, reproductive and menstrual factors were found to have a significant relationship with onset of menopause. Conclusion: Menopause, whether it occurs early or late in life, several factors are responsible for deciding its onset. As a result, it is critical to identify the factors influencing the onset of menopause

Host immune responses to chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins B and C in Chlamydia trachomatis infected women with or without fertility disorders

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>With an increase in the number of putative inclusion membrane proteins (incs) in chlamydial genomes, there is a need for understanding their contribution in host-pathogen interactions. Thus in this study we determined the host mucosal and peripheral immune responses to incs (IncB and IncC) of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Female patients (n = 296) attending the gynaecology out patient department of Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi were enrolled for the study and were clinically characterized into two groups; CT-positive fertile women (n = 38) and CT-positive women with fertility disorders (n = 29). Uninfected healthy fertile women were enrolled as controls (n = 31). Gene specific PCRs were used for detection of incB and incC genes in endocervical samples of CT-positive patients. ELISA and Western blot assay were used for detection of IgA and IgG antibodies to IncB and IncC in cervical washes and sera. Effect of IncB and IncC stimulation of cervical cells and PBMCs on cellular proliferation and cytotoxity was determined using MTT assay and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-cytotoxicity assay respectively. Modulation of cytokines (Interleukin (IL)-1 Beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, Interferon-gamma, IL-12, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)) in cervical cells and PBMCs upon stimulation with IncB and IncC was determined by real-time reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR and ELISA. Further, CD4 positive T cells were purified from cervical cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and secreted cytokines (Interferon-gamma and IL-4) were evaluated by ELISPOT and real-time RT-PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using MTT assay, significantly high proliferative responses (P < 0.05) were observed in inc-stimulated cervical cells and PBMCs from CT-positive fertile women compared to CT-positive women with fertility disorders and controls. Interferon-gamma, IL-12 and GM-CSF were found to be elevated in inc-stimulated cervical cells and PBMCs of CT-positive fertile women compared to CT-positive women with fertility disorders and controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, IL-1 Beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were found to be higher in CT-positive women with fertility disorders compared to CT-positive fertile women and controls (P < 0.05). Interferon-gamma secreting cells and mRNA expression in inc-stimulated cervical and peripheral CD4 positive T cells were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in CT positive fertile women compared to CT-positive women with fertility disorders.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data overall suggests that CT incs, IncB and IncC modulate host immune responses and may have a role in protection/pathogenesis of genital chlamydial infection in women.</p