Teknologi Hemat Energi Untuk Produksi

The aim of this study is to calculate energy consumption at ectractive distillation process with saltsand solvent mixture as entrainer to produce fuel grade alcohol (>99.8%w). This process used twocolumn, the main exctractive column and the recovery column. A substantial reduction in the energyconsumption, compared with conventional process, was predicted by using ethylene glycol and salts isNaCl, K2CO3 and CaCl2 2CO3 : 0.05 g/ml or CaCl2 Key words : fuel grade alcohol, extractive distillation, solvent mixture0.75 g/ml or NaCl : 0.13 g/ml, at reflux ratio 1.5.as entrainer. Solvent and feed volum ratio (S/F) are varied in the range 0.3 – 1.4 , concentration salts in solvent are varied in the range 0.03 – 0.55 g salt / ml solvent and refluxratio 0.5 – 2.5. The results show that high S/F ratios increase the energy consumption, temperature ofthe solvent has important effect on distillate composition and energy consumption, this effect dependson the reflux ratio. Effect of salts show that when salts concentration increases, distillate compositionand energy consumption also increase. For distillate composition > 99.8%w, the lower energyconsumption Q = 821 KJ/kg and number of stage 36 (35% lower than conventional process) reachedin S/F ratio 0.9,

TEKNOLOGI HEMAT ENERGI UNTUK PRODUKSI

The aim of this study is to calculate energy consumption at ectractive distillation process with saltsand solvent mixture as entrainer to produce fuel grade alcohol (>99.8%w). This process used twocolumn, the main exctractive column and the recovery column. A substantial reduction in the energyconsumption, compared with conventional process, was predicted by using ethylene glycol and salts isNaCl, K2CO3 and CaCl2  2CO3 : 0.05 g/ml or CaCl2  Key words : fuel grade alcohol, extractive distillation, solvent mixture0.75 g/ml or NaCl : 0.13 g/ml, at reflux ratio 1.5.as entrainer. Solvent and feed volum ratio (S/F) are varied in the range 0.3 – 1.4 , concentration salts in solvent are varied in the range 0.03 – 0.55 g salt / ml solvent and refluxratio 0.5 – 2.5. The results show that high S/F ratios increase the energy consumption, temperature ofthe solvent has important effect on distillate composition and energy consumption, this effect dependson the reflux ratio. Effect of salts show that when salts concentration increases, distillate compositionand energy consumption also increase. For distillate composition > 99.8%w, the lower energyconsumption Q = 821 KJ/kg and number of stage 36 (35% lower than conventional process) reachedin S/F ratio 0.9,

Precipitated calcium oxide nanosize from limestone and blood clam shells

Calcium oxide (CaO) is a product that is needed by various types of industries such as the pharmaceutical, chemical, agricultural and health industries. CaO is generally produced by the calcination method of CaCO3 materials such as calcium carbonate rocks or from various types of shells. The calcination method requires a large amount of energy because the operating temperature is above 1000 C and the resulting calcium oxide product is still micrometer size. This study developed nanosize precipitated CaO from two calcium sources, namely blood clam shells and limestone. For clam shells using hydrochloric acid as a solvent and sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent, while for limestone using phosphoric acid as a solvent and potassium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. The effect of acidity (pH) and calcination temperature on the characteristics of the precipitated CaO was observed. The blood calm shell produces precipitated CaO 85-92 % with a particle size of 200-250 Nm and the limestone produces precipitated CaO 42-66% with a particle size of 250-300 Nm

PUPUK MULTINUTRIENT BERBASIS SILIKA DARI LIMBAH GEOTHERMAL SLUDGE DENGAN PROSES ASIDIFIKASI

Sintesis pupuk multinutrien berbasis silika telah berhasil dilakukan. Pupuk multinutrien adalah pupukyang megandung lebih dari satu nutrient yang dihutuhkan tanaman seperti kalium, nitrogen dan fosfor.Pembuatan gel Si-K-N dan Si-K-Pdilakukan dengan pengasaman larutan kalium silikat menggunakan asamnitrat dan asam fosfat pada rentang pH 5,6,7,8 dan 9. Ekstraksi silika dari geothermal sludge dilakukanmenggunakan laruran kalium hidroksida (KOH) untuk mendapatkan larutan kalium silikat (K2SiO3). Hasilpeneltian menunjukkan bahwa produk yang sesuai dengan standar pupuk adalah pupuk K-Si-N pada pH 5dengan konsentrasi 33,4% K dan Si 18,01. %. Elemen N tidak sesuai dengan standar karena konsentrasi hanya6,55%. K-Si-P Pupuk yang memenuhi standar pada pH 5 dengan konsentrasi K 27,5% dan Si 13,61%. ElemenP tidak sesuai dengan standar yaitu 20,41%. Spektra IR menunjukkan bahwa produk pupuk mengandungkelompok silanol (Si-OH), siloxane (Si-O-Si), kelompok senyawa nitrogen, dan senyawa fosfat.Kata kunci : asidifikasi; fertilizer; geothermal sludge; multinutrien, silika DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jurnal_tekkim.v14i1.165

SYNTHESIS OF CELLULOSE AEROGEL FROM KAPOK FIBER FOR CLEANING THE WASTE OF LUBRICANT OIL

Cellulose aerogel is known to be superior in removal of oil pollutants and organic solvent. This research developed the synthesis of cellulose aerogel from kapok fiber, application as an adsorbent for lubricating oil waste and its reusability. Chemical delignification was carried out by immersing the kapok fibers in NaOH 6% solution at 100oC for 1h to obtained a cellulose of 65.5% (SNI-2009). The effect of urea concentration on adsorbent products was studied in the range of 8-16w%. Whereas the effect of cellulose was studied at a concentration range of 0.5-1.5w%. The gelation stage was carried out by adding cellulose in a NaOH/urea solution accompanied by stirring (1000rpm) for 15minutes. The mixture was cooled at 0 oC for 48h to form a gel.  The formed gel is dried by the freeze drying method at -45°C. The cellulose aerogel from kapok fiber with a density of 0.11g/cm3 and porosity of 92.46% had an absorption capacity of up to 11.987g/g in the first cycle. The use of each aerogel cellulose sample to absorb lubricant oil waste reached a maximum of three cycles.  DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jurnal_tekkim.v15i1.230