Image Enhancement through Denoising and Retrieval of Vegetation Parameters from Landsat8

This paper proposed the enhancement of Landsat8 imagery through an Un-decimated Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (UDT-CWT) based denoising method and modified homographic filter for edge preservation. This work has been extended by estimating several vegetation parameters like Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MASVI), and Soil & Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (SARVI). Once the estimation of these parameters was done, the effect of noise was verified. Wavelet decomposes the image into frequency subbands and de-noises each subband separately. These subbands help to increase the resolution. The general problem of the homomorphic filter is that it doesn’t enhance the Low-frequency components which also play a key role in estimating Vegetation Indices (VI).So it was modified to enhance the high-frequency components as well as low-frequency details. Monitoring of vegetation parameters using remote sensing is one of the prominent ways in the estimation of crop yield, Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Water resource management, Drought management, etc. The high-resolution image is more preferable than moderate resolution image to retrieve VI. Image denoising and enhancing the spatial resolution helps to retrieve the parameters well and accurate. The proposed algorithm was working on the images of Landsat8

Denoising of Locally Received NOAA images for Remote Sensing Applications

Remote Sensing means capturing images of earth’s surface using satellites. Remote Sensing finds its applications in agriculture sector, climate studies, forest fire detection, pollution monitoring and oceanography etc. In this paper, NOAA images are considered as Remote Sensing images. NOAA images are directly received by using L Band antenna, located at Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh state, India. The received NOAA images are denoised using spatial and frequency domain denoising techniques with modified soft thresholding. The proposed thresholding technique preserves the green content of the image even after denoising by which accuracy of outcome can be increased in remote sensing applications. Comparison of the performance is done to prove that the proposed techniques are better than existing methods

Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Commiphora mukul gum resin against oxidative stress in the brain of streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar male rats

The objective of the study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Commiphora mukul gum resin (EtCMGR) against oxidative stress in the brain of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic Wistar rats. The experimental animals were divided into four groups: control (C), control treated with EtCMGR (C+CM), diabetic (D) and diabetic treated with EtCMGR (D+CM). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg body weight). Plant extract treated groups (C+CM and D+CM) were administered EtCMGR at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/day by gavage for 60 days. Diabetic rats showed hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia with impaired insulin sensitivity. EtCMGR treatment to diabetic (D+CM group) rats prevented the rise in glucose level by 96.7 %, while enhancing insulin level (77.7 %) and improving insulin sensitivity (27.3 %) compared to D group. The brain antioxidant status of D group rats showed higher levels of lipid peroxidation (77.9 %), protein glycation (100 %), and increased activities of xanthine oxidase (47.1 %) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (101.9 %) and lowered concentration of reduced glutathione (38.2 %) and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes i.e., glutathione reductase (24 %), glutathione peroxidase (24.4 %) and superoxide dismutase (42.1 %) and increased activities of catalase (87.4 %) and glutathione-S-transferase (45.3 %) compared to control group. While EtCMGR treatment for 60 days in D+CM group prevented the observed abnormalities of antioxidant tatus of D group. This study demonstrates that EtCMGR is a potent neuroprotective agent against oxidative damage induced under diabetes

Effect of Fertigation on Growth and Yield of Turmeric Cv. Mydukur

A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Anantharajupet, to study the effect of fertigation on growth and yield of turmeric to standardize the quantum of fertilizers to be given through fertigation for improving the productivity of turmeric. This experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with 4 replications. The treatments consisted of T1 (100% RDF through drip), T2 (75% RDF through drip), T3 (50 % RDF through drip), T4 (100 % RDF through soil and drip irrigation) and control (100 % RDF through soil and conventional irrigation). RDF, i.e., recommended dose of fertilizers comprised of 180 Kg N, 60 Kg P2 O5 and 120 Kg K2O ha-1. In the case of T1-T3, N and K alone was applied through drip, while, phosphorus was applied as basal dose. Data of three seasons showed that, there was significant difference between farmers' practice and fertigation treatments and it was observed that the treatment in which 100% fertilizers was applied through drip recorded the maximum plant height (99.36 cm), number of tillers per plant (3.41) and fresh rhizome yield (12.24 t acre-1) this was on par with the treatment in which 75% fertilizers were applied through drip. The B:C ratio was highest (1.49) in plants supplied with 75% RDF through drip. This shows that, fertigation with 75% RDF through drip in turmeric is profitable

Multiferroic Core-Shell Nanofibers, Assembly in a Magnetic field and Studies on MagnetoElectric Interactions

Ferromagnetic-ferroelectric nanocomposites are of interest for realizing strong strain mediated coupling between electric and magnetic subsystems due to high surface area-to-volume ratio. This report is on the synthesis of nickel ferrite (NFO) -barium titanate (BTO) core-shell nano-fibers, magnetic field assisted assembly into superstructures, and studies on magneto-electric (ME) interactions. Electrospinning techniques were used to prepare coaxial fibers of 0.5-1.5 micron in diameter. The core-shell structure of annealed fibers was confirmed by electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. The fibers were assembled into discs and films in a uniform magnetic field or a field gradient. Studies on ME coupling in the assembled films and discs were done by magnetic field H induced polarization, magneto-dielectric effects at low frequencies and at 16-24 GHz, and low frequency ME voltage coefficients (MEVC). We measured 2~ 2-7% change in remnant polarization and in the permittivity for H = 7 kOe, and a MEVC of 0.4 mV/cm Oe at 30 Hz. A model has been developed for low-frequency ME effects in an assembly of fibers and takes into account dipole-dipole interactions between the fibers and fiber discontinuity. Theoretical estimates for the low-frequency MEVC have been compared with the data. These results indicate strong ME coupling in superstructures of the core-shell fibers

UML Modeling for Tea / Coffee Machine

Unified Modeling language (UML) is one of the important modeling languages used for the visual representation of the research problem. In the present paper, UML model is designed for the Tea / Coffee Machine which is used for the purpose of the public in the hotels or restaurants2019;. The class and use case diagrams are designe

Genome-wide association coupled gene to gene interaction studies unveil novel epistatic targets among major effect loci impacting rice grain chalkiness

Rice varieties whose quality is graded as excellent have a lower percent grain chalkiness (PGC) of two percent and below with higher whole grain yields upon milling, leading to higher economic returns for farmers. We have conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a combined population panel of indica and japonica rice varieties, and identified a total of 746 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were strongly associated with the chalk phenotype, covered 78 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) regions. Among them, 21 were high-value QTLs, as they explained at least 10 % of the phenotypic variance for PGC. A combined epistasis and GWAS was applied to dissect the genetics of the complex chalkiness trait, and its regulatory cascades were validated using gene regulatory networks. Promising novel epistatic interactions were found between the loci of chromosomes 6 (PGC6.1) and 7 (PGC7.8), that contributed to lower PGC. Based on haplotype mining only a few modern rice varieties confounded with a lower chalkiness, and they possess several PGC QTLs. The importance of PGC6.1 was validated through multi-parent advanced generation intercrosses and several low chalk lines possessing superior haplotypes were identified. The results of this investigation have deciphered the underlying genetic networks that can reduce PGC to 2 %, and will thus support future breeding programs to improve the grain quality of elite genetic material with high yielding potentials