SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL SA-PA-LSA/C-30B/AG NANOCOMPOSITES FOR SWELLING, ANTIBACTERIAL, DRUG DELIVERY, AND ANTICANCER APPLICATIONS

 Objective: The main objective of this work was to formulate and evaluate Closite-30B/nanoAg filled hydrogel composites which are further intentended to be used for the study of drug delivery,antibacterial, and anticancer activityMethods: In this study, Cloisite-30B (C-30B) clay dispersed biopolymer sodium alginate (SA)-grafted-poly (acrylamide [AAm]-co-lignosulfonic acid) hydrogel composites were synthesized by free radical in situ polymerization reaction technique using SA, AAm, and lignosulfonic acid biopolymers in different proportions in combination. which are subjected to invitro drug delivery and Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) method for antibacterial activity study by using Streptococcus faecalis (S.faecalis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)bacteria. The biocompatibility of the prepared gels were determined by standard protocol HaCaT-cells and MCF-7 cell lines further the prepared hydrogel composites were characterized for particle size,encapsulation efficiency,swelling properties,compatibility studies by FTIR etc.Results: The formulated hydrogels were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze the particles size and crystallinity. The presence of functional groups and their chemical interaction with the drug, C-30B, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were confirmed by the FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the presence of AgNPs in the matrix was confirmed by ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to find out the thermal degradation, thermal stability, and the percentage of weight loss at various temperatures. Swelling studies revealed that C-30B and AgNPs induced composites exhibited higher swelling ratio than pure hydrogels. The hydrogels with C-30B/AgNPs displayed excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Further, these hydrogel composites were loaded with the drug paclitaxel (PT), and drug release study showed that the sustained release of the drug from C-30B/Ag hydrogel matrix compared to rest of other samples. Hydrogel composites were cytocompatible in nature (with HaCaT cells) and the cell viability decreased (with MCF-7cells) with the presence of lignosulfonic acid as well as C-30B and AgNPs in the samples as evaluated through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide to its insoluble formazan assay.Conclusion: The synthesized hydrogel composites were successfully characterized and eavaluated for sustained release of paclitaxel drug delivery at different pHs and temperatures and it is found that C30B/Ag filled composites exhibits contolled release of drug with higher rate, especially at lower pH (pH2) and higher temperature (37oC) and the same formulations which exhibits better anitbcterial and anticancer activity compared to the virgin samples So the prepared C30B/AgNPs hydrogels composites used in drug dlivery for the effective treatment of cancer and used against bacterias and cancerous cells

Investigation of the crystal structures of n-(4-fluorobenzoyl) benzenesulfonamide and n-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide

The title compound, C26H26N2O7, is a thia­midine derivative. Geometric parameters are in the usual ranges. The crystal packing is stabilized by a classical N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, several weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and a π–π stacking inter­action

IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA STRAIN NS-24 FROM NON-RHIZOSPHERE SOIL

Objective: The present goals of our study were biological synthesis, characterizations of silver nanoparticles, and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity against microbial pathogens like Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: The bacterial Strain NS-24 was isolated on nutrient agar medium and was selected for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on its gram-negative characteristics. The characterizations of silver nanoparticles were done by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Later, the molecular characterization of the Strain NS-24 was done by DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: The UV-visible spectrophotometric observation of the Strain NS-24 supernatant and AgNO3 solution showed maximum absorbance at 423 nm. The AFM data confirmed that the particles were polydispersed and spherical in shape. Additionally, the FTIR analysis revealed the IR spectral band patterning and TEM analyzes showed the size of biological AgNPs was in the range of 12.56 nm to 27.32 nm, with an average of 18.06 nm in size. Further, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the identity of Strain NS-24 as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was studied on different gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains like Escherichia coli (MTCC 40), Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC 6845), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MTCC 8874) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 2825), which showed good inhibition of their growth at varying concentrations of AgNPs against all the pathogens. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the synthesized AgNPs from the isolated bacterium was small in size and had profound antibacterial activity against pathogenic micro-organisms

DEVELOPMENT, FORMULATION, AND EVALUATION OF SODIUM ALGINATE-G-POLY (ACRYL AMIDE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID/CLOISTE-30B)/AGNPs HYDROGEL COMPOSITES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN PACLITAXEL DRUG DELIVERY AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop, formulate and evaluate the sodium alginate grafted poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid/cloisite-30B/silver nanoparticle hydrogel composites (SA-PAAm-PAAc/C30B/AgNPs) with varying weight percentage (wt %) of cloisite-30B clay for paclitaxel targeted delivery and anticancer activity. Methods: Polymer hydrogel composites of different wt % of cloisite-30B modified clay dispersed sodium alginate (SA) grafted polyacrylamide-co-polyacrylic acid were prepared via in situ free radical initiation polymerization reaction technique. In vitro release of paclitaxel (PT) anticancer drug and anticancer studies were performed. The formulations were further evaluated for swelling, drug encapsulation, drug delivery, anticancer activity study, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations. Results: FT-IR spectroscopy of various composite hydrogel formulations displayed good compatibility between sodium alginate, polyacrylamide, and polyacrylic acid polymers. The thermal study reveals that the formulations with clay (C30B) and AgNPs in hydrogel composites exhibit good thermal stability and less % of weight loss (wt. loss) compared to pure formulations. Further, the highest encapsulation efficiency was shown by the formulation S0-0+D (72.66±5.92%) and least encapsulation efficiency was shown by S75Ag+D (41.33±3.12%) compared to rest of the formulations and S50Ag+D and S75Ag+D samples exhibits relatively slightly higher and sustained cumulative release rate of PT drug at an average rate of 80±9 % within 72 h and also shows relatively better anticancer activity compared to other formulations. Conclusion: Formulations S50Ag+D and S75Ag+Dwere found to be best formulations with a higher cumulative percentage of PT drug release and showed better anticancer activit

Heavy minerals of modern and relict sediments of the Nizampatnam bay, east coast of India

166-170Heavy minerals of the beach, sand-spit and palaeastrandline sediments of Nizampatnam bay are dominated by opaques, amphibiles and pyroxenes (70% of the total). Garnet, epidote and monazite are present in significant quantities (20%), whereas rutile, zircon and tourmaline are in appreciable amounts. Multiple regression analysis indicates that heavy mineral variations in each sedimentary environment have been significantly influenced by hydraulic fractionation by size, shape, density and by a selective chemical decomposition of unstable heavy minerals. A comparison of heavy mineral suites of the modern and relict sediments, derived from a common provenance, also shows mineral variations resulting from factors other than provenance

3-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde

Vilsmeier–Haack reaction of (E)-1-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethylidene]-2-phenylhydrazine (1) using dimethyl formamide in excess of phosphorus oxychloride by conventional method, resulted in the synthesis of the title compound 3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4- carbaldehyde (2) in good yield and high purity. Structure characterization of the title compound was done by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS spectral analysis

Speciation and Geochemical behaviour of heavy metals in industrial area soil of Mysore City, India

Soil is a major reservoir for contaminants as it possesses an ability to bind various chemicals. These chemicals can exist in various forms in soil and different forces keep them bound to soil particles. It is essential to study these interactions because the toxicity of chemicals may strongly depend on the form in which they exist in the environment. Another thing is that soil variability and some environmental properties may change in soil and cause leaching of trace toxic elements like heavy metals tightly bound to soil particles. Metals associated with urban soil are of environmental concern because of their direct and indirect effects on human health. The main purposes of this study undertaken in the Mysore city industrial zone were to identify heavy metals with dangerous environmental load and to find out of their environmental impact (Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni). The purpose of this work was to provide information on heavy metals concentration in industrial zone soil of Mysore city, India. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, organic matter, and electrical conductivity. Total and available heavy metal concentrations were determined by AAS. In the present study, heavy metal speciation in soil sample carried out were shows that all metals were mainly associated with the oxidizable and residual fraction, which allows us to predict their mobility in the soil sample

Granulometric Studies on Modern Barrier System of the Right Bank of Krishna Delta, East Coast of India

283-286Granulometric studies have been undertaken on 3 sand spits present on the right bank of the Krishna River confluence with the Bay of Bengal. The size parameters (mean size, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) and CM diagrams are discussed. The past and the present growth rates of the delta are evaluated to support the granulometric studies. Major spits 1 and 2 have reached stability while spit 3, which emerged at the mouth is still in active growth. The progradation of the Krishna Delta is due to the development of the bars and spits, leading to the consequent filling of the lagoonal areas. The present progradation of the deltaic facies ultimately may pave the way for the disappearance of the bay