Heterosis for yield and yield attributes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The present study was carried out to study the extent of heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for yield and yield parameters in rice. Analysis of variance indicated significant difference among the genotypes for various traits. Estimation of heterosis for various yield contributing traits indicated that out of nine crosses studied, Pusa sugandh-2 X BPT-5204 (27.93) and Pusa sugandh-2 X Kasturi (24.71) were identified as promising. These hybrids may be recommended for commercial cultivation after further evaluation

Hyperon bulk viscosity and rr-modes of neutron stars

We propose and apply a new parameterization of the modified chiral effective model to study rotating neutron stars with hyperon cores in the framework of the relativistic mean-field theory. The inclusion of mesonic cross couplings in the model has improved the density content of the symmetry energy slope parameters, which are in agreement with the findings from recent terrestrial experiments. The bulk viscosity of the hyperonic medium is analyzed to investigate its role in the suppression of gravitationally driven $r$-modes. The hyperonic bulk viscosity coefficient caused by non-leptonic weak interactions and the corresponding damping timescales are calculated and the $r$-mode instability windows are obtained. The present model predicts a significant reduction of the unstable region due to a more effective damping of oscillations. We find that from $\sim 10^8$ K to $\sim 10^{9}$ K, hyperonic bulk viscosity completely suppresses the $r$-modes leading to a stable region between the instability windows. Our analysis indicates that the instability can reduce the angular velocity of the star up to $\sim$0.3~$\Omega_K$, where $\Omega_K$ is the Kepler frequency of the star.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRA

Heterosis for yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Twenty F1 hybrids from three CMS lines and eight pollen parents were evaluated to study the heterosis for various yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The findings suggested that the magnitude of heterosis differed from character to character and cross to cross. Majority of the hybrids recorded desirable heterosis for grain yield. Among the rice hybrids exhibiting high heterosis for grain yield, IR-68897A x Pusa Sugandh-3, IR-58025A x HUR-JM-59221 and IR-58025A x Pusa Sugandh-5 were top performers. The hybrid, IR-68897A x Pusa Sugandh-3 recorded highest yield per plant, and was among the best three performers for traits, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and number of effective tillers per plant. Thus, IR-68897A x Pusa Sugandh-3 may be considered as the best heterotic combination for yield and yield traits. Among the three high yielding hybrids, IR-58025A x Pusa Sugandh-5 was found to be relatively better performing for majority of the quality traits. Thus, IR-58025A x Pusa Sugandh-5 may be considered as the best cross combination if both yield and quality traits are taken into consideration

Combining ability analysis for various yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

An investigation was undertaken to assess the combining ability for yield and quality traits in rice. Three WA cytoplasmic male sterile lines of rice i.e., IR-58025A, IR-68897A and Pusa 6A were crossed with six restorer genotypes i.e., Sanwal Basmati, Pusa Sugandh-2, Pusa Sugandh-3, Pusa Sugandh-5, Pusa 2517-2-51-1 and HURJM- 59221 in line x tester design to generate 18 hybrids. Among the female parents, IR-58025A revealed significant desirable value of GCA effect for yield per plant and most of the quality traits. Among the pollen parents, Pusa Sugandh-3 revealed significant desirable value of GCA effect for most of the yield traits. However, Pusa Sugandh-5 revealed significant desirable value of GCA effect for most of the quality traits. Pusa 6A x Pusa Sugandh-2 evinced the highest significant value of SCA effect for grain yield followed by IR-58025A x Pusa Sugandh-5. However, IR- 68897A x Pusa 2517-2-51-1 followed by IR-58025A x Sanwal Basmati revealed the significant desirable value of SCA effect for most of the quality traits. For both yield and quality traits, IR-58025A x Pusa Sugandh-5, IR-68897A x HUR-JM-59221 and Pusa 6A x Pusa Sugandh-2 were found to be relatively better performing. Thus, present study aims to develop hybrids performing better for both yield and quality traits

UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ALPRAZOLAM AND MEBEVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK DRUG AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION

A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive, rapid and economical spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Alprazolam (ALP) and Mebeverine HCl (MBH) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. The estimation of these drugs was carried out by using 0.1M HCl as a solvent. The wavelength maxima for Alprazolam and Mebeverine HCl were found to be 262.3 nm and 222.5 nm. The linearity range was observed in the concentration range of 3-15 µg/ml for both drugs and regression equation was found to be for ALP 0.0565x+0.0138 and for MBH 0.049x-0.0126. Percentage recoveries for Alprazolam and Mebeverine HCl were found to be 99.84% and 99.47% respectively. % RSD values for Intra-day precision were found to be for ALP 1.18% and for MBH 0.59%. Inter-day precision %RSD values were found to be for ALP 0.94% and for MBH 0.69%. LOD was found to be for ALP 1.42 (µg/ml) and for MBH 2.1542 (µg/ml). LOQ was found to be for ALP 4.3242 (µg/ml) and for MBH 6.5442 (µg/ml). The %Assay of Alprazolam and Mebeverine HCl were found to be 99.20% and 100.02% respectively. Statistical analysis proved that the developed method can be successfully used for simultaneous analysis of Alprazolam and Mebeverne HCl in pure and tablet dosage forms

Vagal nerve Schwannoma

Schwannoma arising from the Vagus nerve is an uncommon (2–5%) benign nerve tumour. This tumour most often presents as a slow growing asymptomatic solitary neck mass which rarely undergoes malignant transformation. Definitive pre-operative diagnosis may be diffi-cult and investigations such as FNAC have low specificity. The carotid artery and internal jugular vein may be displaced anterolaterally. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion and confirmation is obtained by means of surgical pathology. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for this tumour, with recurrence being rare. Here we describe a case of vagal nerve schwannoma in a 65 years male who presented with a neck mass

Synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation of novel N-phenylindazolyl diarylureas as potential anti-cancer agents.

Novel N-phenylindazole based diarylureas have been designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential anticancer agents. In vitro cell viability studies of these derivatives illustrate good potency with IC50 values in the range of 0.4–50 μM in several cancer cell lines including murine metastatic breast cancer 4T1, murine glioblastoma GL261, human triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231, human pancreatic cancer MIAPaCa-2, and human colorectal cancer cell line WiDr. The ester group in the lead compound 8i was modified to incorporate amino-amides to increase solubility and stability while retaining biological activity. Further in vitro studies reveal that lead candidates inhibit tube length in HUVEC cells. In vivo systemic toxicity studies indicate that these candidate compounds are well tolerated in mice without any significant side effects. Anticancer efficacy studies in WiDr tumor xenograft and 4T1 tumor syngraft models demonstrate that the lead candidate 11 exhibits significant antitumor properties as a single agent in these tumor models

NMMA: A nuclear-physics and multi-messenger astrophysics framework to analyze binary neutron star mergers

The multi-messenger detection of the gravitational-wave signal GW170817, the corresponding kilonova AT2017gfo and the short gamma-ray burst GRB170817A, as well as the observed afterglow has delivered a scientific breakthrough. For an accurate interpretation of all these different messengers, one requires robust theoretical models that describe the emitted gravitational-wave, the electromagnetic emission, and dense matter reliably. In addition, one needs efficient and accurate computational tools to ensure a correct cross-correlation between the models and the observational data. For this purpose, we have developed the NMMA (Nuclear-physics and Multi-Messenger Astrophysics) framework. The code allows incorporation of nuclear-physics constraints at low densities as well as X-ray and radio observations of isolated neutron stars. It also enables us to classify electromagnetic observations, e.g., to distinguish between supernovae and kilonovae. In previous works, the NMMA code has allowed us to constrain the equation of state of supranuclear dense matter, to measure the Hubble constant, and to compare dense-matter physics probed in neutron-star mergers and in heavy-ion collisions. The extension of the NMMA code presented here is the first attempt of analysing the gravitational-wave signal, the kilonovae, and the GRB afterglow simultaneously, which reduces the uncertainty of our constraints. Incorporating all available information, we estimate the radius of a 1.4 solar mass neutron star to be $R=11.98^{+0.35}_{-0.40}$ km

Updated observing scenarios and multi-messenger implications for the International Gravitational-wave Network's O4 and O5

Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run brought another binary neutron star merger (BNS) and the first neutron-star black-hole (NSBH) mergers. While no confirmed kilonovae (KNe) was identified in conjunction with any of these events, continued improvements of analyses surrounding GW170817 allow us to project constraints on the Hubble Constant ($H_0$), the Galactic enrichment from $r$-process nucleosynthesis, and ultra-dense matter possible from forthcoming events. Here, we describe the expected constraints based on the latest expected event rates from the international gravitational-wave network (IGWN) and analyses of GW170817. We show the expected detection rate of gravitational waves and their counterparts, as well as how sensitive potential constraints are to the observed numbers of counterparts. We intend this analysis as support for the community when creating scientifically-driven electromagnetic follow-up proposals. During the next observing run O4, we predict an annual detection rate of electromagnetic counterparts from BNS of $0.43^{+0.58}_{-0.26}$ ($1.97^{+2.68}_{-1.2}$) for the Zwicky Transient Facility (Rubin Observatory)

Observational Diagnostics of Gas Flows: Insights from Cosmological Simulations

Galactic accretion interacts in complex ways with gaseous halos, including galactic winds. As a result, observational diagnostics typically probe a range of intertwined physical phenomena. Because of this complexity, cosmological hydrodynamic simulations have played a key role in developing observational diagnostics of galactic accretion. In this chapter, we review the status of different observational diagnostics of circumgalactic gas flows, in both absorption (galaxy pair and down-the-barrel observations in neutral hydrogen and metals; kinematic and azimuthal angle diagnostics; the cosmological column density distribution; and metallicity) and emission (Lya; UV metal lines; and diffuse X-rays). We conclude that there is no simple and robust way to identify galactic accretion in individual measurements. Rather, progress in testing galactic accretion models is likely to come from systematic, statistical comparisons of simulation predictions with observations. We discuss specific areas where progress is likely to be particularly fruitful over the next few years.Comment: Invited review to appear in Gas Accretion onto Galaxies, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, eds. A. J. Fox & R. Dave, to be published by Springer. Typos correcte