Shape Abnormalities of the Caudate Nucleus Correlate with Poorer Gait and Balance: Results from a Subset of the LADIS Study

Functional deficits seen in several neurodegenerative disorders have been linked with dysfunction in fronto-striatal circuits and with associated shape alterations in striatal structures. The severity of visible white matter changes (WMC) on MRI has been found to correlate with poorer performance on measures of gait and balance. This study aimed to determine whether striatal volume and shape changes were correlated with gait dysfunction

LITIAZA VEZICULARĂ LA COPIL – STUDIU CAZUISTIC

Litiaza veziculară, afecţiune rară la vârsta pediatrică, este adesea o descoperire ecografi că. Autorii prezintă 18 cazuri de litiază veziculară la copii cu vârste cuprinse între 18 luni şi 17 ani, diagnosticaţi dintr-un total de 19762 ecografi i abdominale. Clinic numai 4 copii au avut o simptomatologie abdominală, restul fi ind asimptomatici (6 cazuri) sau cu simptomatologie extradigestivă cauzată de alte afecţiuni (infecţii ale căilor respiratorii superioare, pneumonie, microsferocitoză ereditară). Tabloul biologic a fost normal în 7 cazuri iar în rest s-a suprapus peste cel al bolii de bază. Ecografi c s-au vizualizat calculi veziculari unici în 10 cazuri şi multipli în 7 cazuri iar într-un caz calcul unic la nivelul coledocului. Colecistectomia s-a practicat electiv la o pacientă cu microsferocitoză ereditară şi de necesitate într-un caz. Litiaza coledociană a benefi ciat de colangiopancreatografi e retrogradă endoscopică. În 6 cazuri s-a aplicat managementul expectativ cu remisiune spontană în 2 cazuri. Doi copii au primit acid ursodeoxicolic cu recidivă într-un caz. Pseudolitiaza veziculară s-a remis în toate situaţiile într-un interval de timp cuprins între 3 şi 6 săptămâni după sistarea antibioterapiei

Coronary heart disease and cortical thickness, gray matter and white matter lesion volumes on MRI.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has been linked with cognitive decline and dementia in several studies. CHD is strongly associated with blood pressure, but it is not clear how blood pressure levels or changes in blood pressure over time affect the relation between CHD and dementia-related pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate relations between CHD and cortical thickness, gray matter volume and white matter lesion (WML) volume on MRI, considering CHD duration and blood pressure levels from midlife to three decades later. The study population included 69 elderly at risk of dementia who participated in the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study. CAIDE participants were examined in midlife, re-examined 21 years later, and then after additionally 7 years (in total up to 30 years follow-up). MRIs from the second re-examination were used to calculate cortical thickness, gray matter and WML volume. CHD diagnoses were obtained from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. Linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, follow-up time and scanner type, and additionally total intracranial volume in GM volume analyses. Adding diabetes, cholesterol or smoking to the models did not influence the results. CHD was associated with lower thickness in multiple regions, and lower total gray matter volume, particularly in people with longer disease duration (>10 years). Associations between CHD, cortical thickness and gray matter volume were strongest in people with CHD and hypertension in midlife, and those with CHD and declining blood pressure after midlife. No association was found between CHD and WML volumes. Based on these results, long-term CHD seems to have detrimental effects on brain gray matter tissue, and these effects are influenced by blood pressure levels and their changes over time

Diurnal cortisol, neuroinflammation, and neuroimaging visual rating scales in memory clinic patients

Background: Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenic process. Cortisol dysregulation may increase AD risk and is related to brain atrophy. This cross-sectional study aims to examine interactions of cortisol patterns and neuroinflammation markers in their association with neuroimaging correlates. Method: 134 participants were recruited from the Karolinska University Hospital memory clinic (Stockholm, Sweden). Four visual rating scales were applied to magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans: medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), global cortical atrophy (GCA), white matter lesions (WML), and posterior atrophy. Participants provided saliva samples for assessment of diurnal cortisol patterns, and underwent lumbar punctures for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. Three cortisol measures were used: the cortisol awakening response, total daily output, and the ratio of awakening to bedtime levels. Nineteen CSF neuroinflammation markers were categorized into five composite scores: proinflammatory cytokines, other cytokines, angiogenesis markers, vascular injury markers, and glial activation markers. Ordinal logistic regressions were conducted to assess associations between cortisol patterns, neuroinflammation scores, and visual rating scales, and interactions between cortisol patterns and neuroinflammation scores in relation to visual rating scales. Result: Higher levels of angiogenesis markers were associated with more severe WML. Some evidence was found for interactions between dysregulated diurnal cortisol patterns and greater neuroinflammation-related biomarkers in relation to more severe GCA and WML. No associations were found between cortisol patterns and visual rating scales

Shape Abnormalities of the Caudate Nucleus Correlate with Poorer Gait and Balance: Results from a Subset of the LADIS Study

Objective: Functional deficits seen in several neurodegenerative disorders have been linked with dysfunction in frontostriatal circuits and with associated shape alterations in striatal structures. The severity of visible white matter hyperintensities (W

Executive dysfunction correlates with caudate nucleus atrophy in patients with white matter changes on MRI: A subset of LADIS

White matter changes (WMC) are common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, particularly in the elderly. Recent studies such as the Leukoaraiosis and Disability Study (LADIS) have found that WMC relate to adverse outcomes including cognitive impairm

CAIDE study and formation of the MRI population.

<p>CAIDE study and formation of the MRI population.</p